scholarly journals Analyzing OpenStreetMap as data source for travel demand models A case study in Karlsruhe

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Lars Briem ◽  
Michael Heilig ◽  
Christian Klinkhardt ◽  
Peter Vortisch
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Data Source

Traffic and Welfare Impacts of Credit-Based Congestion Pricing Applications: An Austin Case Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812096013
Author(s):  
Weijia (Vivian) Li ◽  
Kara M. Kockelman ◽  
Yantao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Congestion Pricing ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Welfare Impacts ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All

This study seeks smart credit-based congestion pricing (CBCP) solutions for maximally improving travelers’ welfare by varying toll levels and locations across the Austin, Texas network. Scenarios evaluated include selecting links with maximum delays by variably tolling bridges and by recognizing congestion externalities across all links. Travel demand models deliver inputs for normalized logsum differences to quantify and compare consumer surplus changes across traveler types, around the region. Results suggest limited tolling locations under four broad times of day can do more harm than good, unless travelers shift out of the PM and AM peak periods or revenues are returned to travelers as credits. When using CBCP across all congested links at congested times of day (with 10% of revenues retained to cover system administrative costs), an average net benefit of $1.61 per licensed driver per weekday is estimated, with almost all travelers benefiting. For example, 95% of the traffic analysis zones’ lowest value of travel time (VOTT) group (VOTT1 = $5/hour) are expected to benefit from the CBCP policy. Tolling at twice the difference between marginal social cost and average travel cost (on each subset of congested links) appears to benefit more people, although tolling high on various links adds to congestion elsewhere. For example: tolling Austin’s highest-delay-producing or “top 500” links is estimated to benefit 98.5% of the zones’ highest VOTT (VOTT5 = $45/hour) travelers, while raising vehicle-miles traveled by just 0.8% (as a result of more circuitous, congestion- and toll-avoiding travel).

scholarly journals Using OpenStreetMap as a Data Source for Attractiveness in Travel Demand Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199741
Author(s):  
Christian Klinkhardt ◽  
Tim Woerle ◽  
Lars Briem ◽  
Michael Heilig ◽  
Martin Kagerbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Trip Generation ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Flexible Generation ◽  
Official Sources

We present a methodology to extract points of interest (POIs) data from OpenStreetMap (OSM) for application in travel demand models. We use custom taglists to identify and assign POI elements to typical activities used in travel demand models. We then compare the extracted OSM data with official sources and point out that the OSM data quality depends on the type of POI and that it generally matches the quality of official sources. It can therefore be used in travel demand models. However, we recommend that plausibility checks should be done to ensure a certain quality. Further, we present a methodology for calculating attractiveness measures for typical activities from single POIs and national trip generation guidelines. We show that the quality of these calculated measures is good enough for them to be used in travel demand models. Using our approach, therefore, allows the quick, automated, and flexible generation of attractiveness measures for travel demand models.

Induced Vehicle Travel in the Environmental Review Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (7) ◽  
pp. 468-479
Author(s):  
Jamey M. B. Volker ◽  
Amy E. Lee ◽  
Susan Handy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Capacity Expansion ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Induced Travel ◽  
Demand Models

If we expand roadway capacity, more drivers will come, or so economic theory suggests and a substantial body of empirical research now shows. Despite strong evidence, the “induced travel” effect is often ignored, underestimated, or misestimated in the planning process, particularly in the assessment of the environmental impacts of roadway capacity expansions. Underestimating induced travel will generally lead to overestimation of the traffic congestion relief benefits a highway expansion project might generate, along with underestimation of its environmental impacts. A major reason that induced travel tends to be underplayed in environmental analyses is that travel demand models do not typically include all of the feedback loops necessary to accurately predict the induced travel effect. We developed an online tool, based on elasticities reported in the literature, to facilitate the estimation of the induced vehicle travel impacts of roadway capacity expansion projects in California, with potential future expansion to other geographies. We describe the tool, apply it to five case study highway capacity expansion projects, and then compare the results with the induced travel estimates reported in the environmental impact analyses for those projects. Our results suggest that environmental analyses frequently fail to fully capture the induced vehicle travel effects of highway capacity expansion projects.

scholarly journals A Framework for Determining Highway Truck-Freight Benefits and Economic Impacts

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zun Wang ◽  
Jeremy Sage ◽  
Anne Goodchild ◽  
Eric Jessup ◽  
Kenneth Casavant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Travel Time Savings

This paper proposes a method for calculating both the direct freight benefits and the larger economic impacts of transportation projects. The identified direct freight benefits included in the methodology are travel time savings, operating cost savings, and environmental impacts. These are estimated using regional travel demand models (TDM) and additional factors. Economic impacts are estimated using a regional Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. The total project impacts are estimated combining the outputs of the transportation model and an economic model. A Washington State highway widening project is used as a case study to demonstrate the method. The proposed method is transparent and can be used to identify freight specific benefits and generated impacts.

PENGEMBANGAN ”REAL TIME TRAFFIC INFORMATION SYSTEM” BAGI PENGGUNA JALAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusmadi Suyuti
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Road User ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Traffic Counts ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Demand Models

Traffic information condition is a very useful  information for road user because road user can choose his best route for each trip from his origin to his destination. The final goal for this research is to develop real time traffic information system for road user using real time traffic volume. Main input for developing real time traffic information system is an origin-destination (O-D) matrix to represent the travel pattern. However, O-D matrices obtained through a large scale survey such as home or road side interviews, tend to be costly, labour intensive and time disruptive to trip makers. Therefore, the alternative of using traffic counts to estimate O-D matrices is particularly attractive. Models of transport demand have been used for many years to synthesize O-D matrices in study areas. A typical example of the approach is the gravity model; its functional form, plus the appropriate values for the parameters involved, is employed to produce acceptable matrices representing trip making behaviour for many trip purposes and time periods. The work reported in this paper has combined the advantages of acceptable travel demand models with the low cost and availability of traffic counts. Two types of demand models have been used: gravity (GR) and gravity-opportunity (GO) models. Four estimation methods have been analysed and tested to calibrate the transport demand models from traffic counts, namely: Non-Linear-Least-Squares (NLLS), Maximum-Likelihood (ML), Maximum-Entropy (ME) and Bayes-Inference (BI). The Bandung’s Urban Traffic Movement survey has been used to test the developed method. Based on several statistical tests, the estimation methods are found to perform satisfactorily since each calibrated model reproduced the observed matrix fairly closely. The tests were carried out using two assignment techniques, all-or-nothing and equilibrium assignment.  

The Translation Problem Types in Translating Indonesia Text to English (A Case Study of Translation Subject of Fifth Semester English Students –UPY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujatmiko Sujatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
English Department ◽  
Problem Types ◽  
Translation Technique ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
Translation Accuracy ◽  
English Students ◽  
Successful Transfer

This research is entitled “The Translation Problem Types in Translating Indonesia textinto English (A Case Study of Translation Subject of Fifth Semester English Department –UPY) . It is about how Indonesia text is translated into English by English students, toidentify the translation problems, and to identify the problematics of translation technique.This research uses qualitative method to analyze the data. Techniques of analyzing datain this research consist of 3 components, they are (1) reducing the data, (2) explaining thedata, and (3) taking a conclusion. Reducing data is a process of selecting, focusing,simplifying and abstracting the data. Explaining the data is a process of organizinginformation and arranging the complete narration. Taking a conclusion is a process ofdrawing conclusion from the data. The data source of this research are Indonesia text andstudent’s translation.After conducting the research, the research find the data that all respondents havesimilar translation problem types in translating Indonesia text into English. The problems arediction, tenses, no equivalence translation; others have problems of adverb, article, andrelative clause. None of respondents apply other translation technique. They only apply wordper word translation technique. The accuracy of transfer level is adequate level. Only onerespondent have almost completely successful transfer level. Other respondents haveadequate accuracy transfer level. By applying the untrue translation technique has an impactto translation accuracy transfer level.This research is expected to open wide opportunities and challenges to academicians,especially those in translation linguistics sphere to deepen their research and study, especiallyin translating Indonesia text to English in order to be a new contribution to the translationfields.

scholarly journals Address-based computation of intra-cell distances for travel demand models

2021 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Matthias Heinrichs ◽  
Rita Cyganski ◽  
Daniel Krajzewicz
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Models

scholarly journals The reasons women choose and stay in a geology major: a qualitative multi-case analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron E. Gray ◽  
Alexis T. Riche ◽  
Isabel J. Shinnick-Gordon ◽  
James C. Sample
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Introductory Classes ◽  
Iterative Coding ◽  
As Relationship

AbstractDespite earning half of all science and engineering undergraduate degrees between 2007 and 2016 in the USA, women were awarded only 39% of earth science degrees in the same time period. In order to better understand why women are both choosing and staying in geology programs, we conducted a multi-case study of nine current female undergraduate geology majors at a large public university in the USA within a department that is at gender parity among its undergraduate majors. The main data source was audio-recorded critical incident interviews of each participant. Data from the interviews were analyzed through an iterative coding process using codes adapted from previous studies that focused on factors both internal and external to the department. The students said that personal interests, influence by others outside of the department, and introductory classes attracted them to the geology program, but once declared, departmental factors such as relationship with faculty caused them to stay. We also found an emphasis on female role models, especially those teaching introductory courses. We believe this study offers important insights into the ways in which factors leading to recruitment and retention play out in the lived experiences of female geology majors.

scholarly journals Using Internet Search Queries to Assess Public Awareness of the Healthy Cities Approach: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4264
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Yutong Zhang ◽  
Yixiong Xiao ◽  
Shaoqing Shen ◽  
Mo Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Healthy Cities ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Search Queries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The City

Cities around the globe are embracing the Healthy Cities approach to address urban health challenges. Public awareness is vital for successfully deploying this approach but is rarely assessed. In this study, we used internet search queries to evaluate the public awareness of the Healthy Cities approach applied in Shenzhen, China. The overall situation at the city level and the intercity variations were both analyzed. Additionally, we explored the factors that might affect the internet search queries of the Healthy Cities approach. Our results showed that the public awareness of the approach in Shenzhen was low. There was a high intercity heterogeneity in terms of interest in the various components of the Healthy Cities approach. However, we did not find a significant effect of the selected demographic, environmental, and health factors on the search queries. Based on our findings, we recommend that the city raise public awareness of healthy cities and take actions tailored to health concerns in different city zones. Our study showed that internet search queries can be a valuable data source for assessing the public awareness of the Healthy Cities approach.

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