Traffic and Welfare Impacts of Credit-Based Congestion Pricing Applications: An Austin Case Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812096013
Author(s):  
Weijia (Vivian) Li ◽  
Kara M. Kockelman ◽  
Yantao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Congestion Pricing ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Welfare Impacts ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All

This study seeks smart credit-based congestion pricing (CBCP) solutions for maximally improving travelers’ welfare by varying toll levels and locations across the Austin, Texas network. Scenarios evaluated include selecting links with maximum delays by variably tolling bridges and by recognizing congestion externalities across all links. Travel demand models deliver inputs for normalized logsum differences to quantify and compare consumer surplus changes across traveler types, around the region. Results suggest limited tolling locations under four broad times of day can do more harm than good, unless travelers shift out of the PM and AM peak periods or revenues are returned to travelers as credits. When using CBCP across all congested links at congested times of day (with 10% of revenues retained to cover system administrative costs), an average net benefit of $1.61 per licensed driver per weekday is estimated, with almost all travelers benefiting. For example, 95% of the traffic analysis zones’ lowest value of travel time (VOTT) group (VOTT1 = $5/hour) are expected to benefit from the CBCP policy. Tolling at twice the difference between marginal social cost and average travel cost (on each subset of congested links) appears to benefit more people, although tolling high on various links adds to congestion elsewhere. For example: tolling Austin’s highest-delay-producing or “top 500” links is estimated to benefit 98.5% of the zones’ highest VOTT (VOTT5 = $45/hour) travelers, while raising vehicle-miles traveled by just 0.8% (as a result of more circuitous, congestion- and toll-avoiding travel).

scholarly journals A Critical View on Pension Savings in Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-382
Author(s):  
Jana Špirková ◽  
Martin Dobrovič ◽  
Miroslava Vinczeová
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Investment Fund ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Critical View ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All

In almost all countries around the world, pension systems are based on several pillars. This is also the case of Slovakia with its three-pillar pension system. The paper presents a case study underlying the risks that can seriously affect the amount of future pensions. The case study clearly indicates that current pensions in Slovakia paid under all three pillars do not correspond with the expectations from the implementation of the three-pillar pension system. The aim of the paper is to the risks that can seriously affect the amount of future pensions. Our own contribution is the determination of the amount of pension for a specific pensioner specified in the presented case study. Within the saving phase of pension contributions the development of investment fund returns, the amount of future pensioner´s contributions, as well as administrative costs are analyzed on a monthly basis. The payout phase is modelled using actuarial functions applying the mortality tables of Slovakia.

scholarly journals A case-study of the low-latitude thermosphere during geomagnetic storms and its new representation by improved MSIS model

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1513-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Pant ◽  
R. Sridharan
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Correction Term ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Simple Relation ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All

Abstract. The thermospheric temperatures from low and equatorial latitudes during geomagnetically disturbed periods are known to exhibit significant deviations from atmospheric model predictions. Also, the oscillatory features seen in the observations are not accounted for by the models. A simple relation has been established between the difference in the observed and model-predicted temperatures and the rate of change of Dst, the magnetic index representing the ring current variabilities. Using this relation, a correction term has been added to the latest MSIS-90 model algorithm and almost all the observed variations in neutral temperatures spectroscopically determined from Mt.Abu, a low-latitude station in India, are successfully reproduced for two moderate geomagnetic storms.Key words. Low-latitude thermosphere · MSIS model · Stormtime model predictions · FP spectroscopic temperatures  

scholarly journals Validation of MCMC-Based Travel Simulation Framework Using Mobile Phone Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suxia Gong ◽  
Ismaïl Saadi ◽  
Jacques Teller ◽  
Mario Cools
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data

An essential step in agent-based travel demand models is the characterization of the population, including transport-related attributes. This study looks deep into various mobility data in the province of Liège, Belgium. Based on the data stemming from the 2010 Belgian HTS, that is, BELDAM, a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling method combined with a cross-validation process is used to generate sociodemographic attributes and trip-based variables. Besides, representative micro-samples are calibrated using data about the population structure. As a critical part of travel demand modeling for practical applications in the real-world context, validation using various data sources can contribute to the modeling framework in different ways. The innovation in this study lies in the comparison of outputs of MCMC with mobile phone data. The difference between modeled and observed trip length distributions is studied to validate the simulation framework. The proposed framework infers trips with multiple attributes while preserving the traveler’s sociodemographics. We show that the framework effectively captures the behavioral complexity of travel choices. Moreover, we demonstrate mobile phone data’s potential to contribute to the reliability of travel demand models.

Induced Vehicle Travel in the Environmental Review Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (7) ◽  
pp. 468-479
Author(s):  
Jamey M. B. Volker ◽  
Amy E. Lee ◽  
Susan Handy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Capacity Expansion ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Induced Travel ◽  
Demand Models

If we expand roadway capacity, more drivers will come, or so economic theory suggests and a substantial body of empirical research now shows. Despite strong evidence, the “induced travel” effect is often ignored, underestimated, or misestimated in the planning process, particularly in the assessment of the environmental impacts of roadway capacity expansions. Underestimating induced travel will generally lead to overestimation of the traffic congestion relief benefits a highway expansion project might generate, along with underestimation of its environmental impacts. A major reason that induced travel tends to be underplayed in environmental analyses is that travel demand models do not typically include all of the feedback loops necessary to accurately predict the induced travel effect. We developed an online tool, based on elasticities reported in the literature, to facilitate the estimation of the induced vehicle travel impacts of roadway capacity expansion projects in California, with potential future expansion to other geographies. We describe the tool, apply it to five case study highway capacity expansion projects, and then compare the results with the induced travel estimates reported in the environmental impact analyses for those projects. Our results suggest that environmental analyses frequently fail to fully capture the induced vehicle travel effects of highway capacity expansion projects.

scholarly journals A Framework for Determining Highway Truck-Freight Benefits and Economic Impacts

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zun Wang ◽  
Jeremy Sage ◽  
Anne Goodchild ◽  
Eric Jessup ◽  
Kenneth Casavant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Travel Time Savings

This paper proposes a method for calculating both the direct freight benefits and the larger economic impacts of transportation projects. The identified direct freight benefits included in the methodology are travel time savings, operating cost savings, and environmental impacts. These are estimated using regional travel demand models (TDM) and additional factors. Economic impacts are estimated using a regional Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. The total project impacts are estimated combining the outputs of the transportation model and an economic model. A Washington State highway widening project is used as a case study to demonstrate the method. The proposed method is transparent and can be used to identify freight specific benefits and generated impacts.

scholarly journals A joint model of place of residence (POR) and place of work (POW): Making use of Gibbs sampling technique to overcome arbitrary assumptions in contexts of data limitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 873-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengyang Zhang ◽  
Jason Hawkins ◽  
Khandker Nurul Habib
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Sampling ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Daily Travel

Place or residence (POR) and place of work (POW) are two spatial pivots defining patterns of travel behavior. These choices are considered part of long-term choice influencing short-term daily travel choices. Hence, POR-POW distributions are input into almost all daily travel demand models. However, in many cases, POW-POR is modelled in an ad-hoc way considering the gravity-based or entropy is maximizing aggregate modelling approach. Lack of data on the sequence of choices related to POR and POW is often blamed for avoiding using disaggregate choice model. Recognizing such data limitation, this paper presents an alternative methodology of modelling joint distribution of POW-POW that uses disaggregate choice models without necessarily knowing the sequence of POR and POW choices. It uses the conditional probability break downs of joint POR-POW choice probabilities as depicted in the Gibbs sampling approach. This allows capturing effects of household socioeconomic characteristics, zonal land-use characteristics, and modal accessibility factors in the POR-POW models. The model is applied for a case study in the city of Ottawa. Results reveal that the proposed methodology can replicate observed patterns of POR-POW with a high degree of accuracy.

scholarly journals IMPLICATION OF CONFLICT OF OWNERSHIP REGIONAL ASSETS IN THE EXPANSION OF BAU-BAU CITY IN THE TERRITORY OF EX BUTON SULTANATE

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Darmin Tuwu
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Sociology Faculty

The article entitled "The Conflict of Ownership Regional Asset Between  Government of Buton Regency and Government of Bau-Bau Municipal " is part of my thesis in the Department of Sociology Faculty of Political and Social Sciences Gadjah Mada University. The conflict of two regional governments began when Kotif Bau-Bau was upgraded to Bau Bau City, where almost all of district's assets Buton regency's (premier) are within in the Bau-Bau City as the New Autonomous Region. This research apply qualitative approach using case study aiming to elaborate the context of the conflicts regional asset and their implications on both local governments, Buton Regency and Bau-Bau City. The results showed that the context of the conflict of ownership of regional assets was triggered by the difference of opinion on the contents of Law Number 13 Year 2001 related to the control of regional asset that is in the area of Bau-Bau City as the New Autonomous Region. The is no conclusive solution to the conflict that began in 2001, The effects of such conflicts are apparent in public services, Local Original Income, and social segregation.Konflik antara dua pemerintahan daerah ini, berawal ketika Kotif Bau-Bau ditingkatkan statusnya menjadi Kota Bau Bau, di mana hampir seluruh aset daerah kabupaten Buton (kabupaten induk) berada dalam wilayah Kota Bau-Bau selaku Daerah Otonomi Baru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan studi kasus yang bertujuan untuk menguraikankonteks konflik aset daerah dan implikasinya terhadap kedua pemerintah daerah, Kabupaten Buton dan Kota Bau-Bau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konteks konflik kepemilikan aset daerah dipicu oleh perbedaan pendapat atas isi Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2001 terkait penguasaan aset daerah yang berada di wilayah Kota Bau-Bau sebagai Kota Baru, Daerah Otonom Baru. Tidak ada solusi konklusif untuk konflik yang dimulai pada tahun 2001, Dampak dari konflik tersebut terlihat pada layanan publik, Pendapatan Asli Daerah, dan pemisahan sosial.Keywords: Conflict, Asset, Autonomy and Bau-Bau City

scholarly journals Analyzing OpenStreetMap as data source for travel demand models A case study in Karlsruhe

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Lars Briem ◽  
Michael Heilig ◽  
Christian Klinkhardt ◽  
Peter Vortisch
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Data Source

Nonwovens: Global Trends in World Economy, European Foreign Trade, and Selected Case Studies from Poland and Asian Brics Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Wysokińska ◽  
Tomasz Czajkowski ◽  
Katarzyna Grabowska
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
World Economy ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Special Case

AbstractNonwovens are one of the most versatile textile materials and have become increasingly popular in almost all sectors of the economy due to their low manufacturing costs and unique properties. In the next few years, the world market of nonwovens is predicted to grow by 7%–8% annually (International Nonwovens & Disposables Association [INDA], European Disposables and Nonwovens Association [EDANA], and Markets and Markets). This article aims to analyze the most recent trends in the global export and import of nonwovens, to present two case studies of Polish companies that produce them, and to present one special case study of the market of nonwoven geotextiles in China and India, which are the Asian transition economies among the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa).

EVALUASI PROYEKSI DEMAND BARANG DAN PENUMPANG PELABUHAN DI PROVINSI MALUKU

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Adrian Firdaus ◽  
M. Dwi Yoga Sutanto ◽  
Rajin Sihombing ◽  
M. Weldy Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Projection Method ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Port Development ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Existing Data

Abstract Every port in Indonesia must have a Port Master Plan that contains an integrated port development plan. This study discusses one important aspect in the preparation of the Port Master Plan, namely the projected movement of goods and passengers, which can be used as a reference in determining the need for facilities at each stage of port development. The case study was conducted at a port located in a district in Maluku Province and aims to evaluate the analysis of projected demand for goods and passengers occurring at the port. The projection method used is time series and econometric projection. The projection results are then compared with the existing data in 2018. The results of this study show that the econometric projection gives adequate results in predicting loading and unloading activities as well as the number of passenger arrival and departure in 2018. This is indicated by the difference in the percentage of projection results towards the existing data, which is smaller than 10%. Whereas for loading and unloading activities, time series projections with logarithmic trends give better results than econometric projections. Keywords: port, port master plan, port development, unloading activities  Abstrak Setiap pelabuhan di Indonesia harus memiliki sebuah Rencana Induk Pelabuhan yang memuat rencana pengem-bangan pelabuhan secara terpadu. Studi ini membahas salah satu aspek penting dalam penyusunan Rencana Induk Pelabuhan, yaitu proyeksi pergerakan barang dan penumpang, yang dapat dipakai sebagai acuan dalam penentuan kebutuhan fasilitas di setiap tahap pengembangan pelabuhan. Studi kasus dilakukan pada sebuah pelabuhan yang terletak di sebuah kabupaten di Provinsi Maluku dan bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi ter-hadap analisis proyeksi demand barang dan penumpang yang terjadi di pelabuhan tersebut. Metode proyeksi yang dipakai adalah proyeksi deret waktu dan ekonometrik. Hasil proyeksi selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan data eksisting tahun 2018. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa proyeksi ekonometrik memberikan hasil yang cukup baik dalam memprediksi aktivitas bongkar barang serta jumlah penumpang naik dan turun di tahun 2018. Hal ini diindikasikan dengan selisih persentase hasil proyeksi terhadap data eksisting yang lebih kecil dari 10%. Sedangkan untuk aktivitas muat barang, proyeksi deret waktu dengan tren logaritmik memberikan hasil yang lebih baik daripada proyeksi ekonometrik. Kata-kata kunci: pelabuhan, rencana induk pelabuhan, pengembangan pelauhan, aktivitas bongkar barang

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