Evaluation of intramuscular anesthetic protocols in healthy domestic horses

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. S1000-S1001
Author(s):  
C. Willette ◽  
T. Aarnes ◽  
P. Lerche ◽  
C. Ricco-Pereira ◽  
G. Ballash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Horses

Radiographic Prevalence of Osteochondrosis in Yearling Feral Horses

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Valentino ◽  
E. M. Gaughan ◽  
D. R. Biller ◽  
R. H. Raub ◽  
J. D. Lillich
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
Metacarpophalangeal Joints ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joints

The purpose of the study is to document the prevalence of articular surface osteochondrosis lesions in feral horses. Eighty yearling feral horses were used. Radiographic images of the left stifle, both tarsocrural, metatarsophalangeal, metacarpophalangeal joints were taken. Radiographs were examined for the presence of osteochondral fragmentation and abnormal outline of subchondral bone suggestive of osteochondrosis. The prevalence of each lesion was calculated for each joint as well as for overall prevalence within the group, the latter being 6.25%. Typical osteochondrosis lesions were found within the tarsocrural and metatarsophalangeal joints. Based on the difference in prevalence of osteochondrosis between feral and certain domestic horses, management practices and perhaps genetic base may have a greater influence on the development of the disease in horses than trauma alone.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversities and Historical Dynamics of Native Ethiopian Horse Populations (Equus caballus) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphisms

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Kefena Effa ◽  
Sonia Rosenbom ◽  
Jianlin Han ◽  
Tadelle Dessie ◽  
Albano Beja-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Diversity Estimates

Matrilineal genetic diversity and relationship were investigated among eight morphologically identified native Ethiopian horse populations using polymorphisms in 46 mtDNA D-loop sequences (454 base pairs). The horse populations identified were Abyssinian, Bale, Borana, Horro, Kafa, Kundido feral horses, Ogaden and Selale. Mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences were characterized by 15 variable sites that defined five different haplotypes. All genetic diversity estimates, including Reynolds’ linearized genetic distance, genetic differentiation (FST) and nucleotide sequence divergence (DA), revealed a low genetic differentiation in native Ethiopian horse populations. However, Kundido feral and Borana domestic horses were slightly diverged from the rest of the Ethiopian horse populations. We also tried to shed some light on the matrilineal genetic root of native Ethiopian horses from a network constructed by combining newly generated haplotypes and reference haplotypes deposited in the GenBank for Eurasian type Turkish Anatolian horses that were used as a genetic conduit between Eurasian and African horse populations. Ninety-two haplotypes were generated from the combined Ethio-Eurasian mtDNA D-loop sequences. A network reconstructed from the combined haplotypes using Median-Joining algorithm showed that haplotypes generated from native Ethiopian horses formed separate clusters. The present result encourages further investigation of the genetic origin of native African horses by retrieving additional mtDNA sequences deposited in the GenBank for African and Eurasian type horses.

Identifying domestic horses, donkeys and hybrids from archaeological deposits: A 3D morphological investigation on skeletons

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 88-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Hanot ◽  
Claude Guintard ◽  
Sébastien Lepetz ◽  
Raphaël Cornette
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Investigation ◽  
Domestic Horses

scholarly journals Unravelling the hybrid vigor in domestic equids: the effect of hybridization on bone shape variation and covariation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Hanot ◽  
Anthony Herrel ◽  
Claude Guintard ◽  
Raphaël Cornette
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Morphological Integration ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
Functional Mechanisms ◽  
Underlying Processes

Abstract Background Hybridization has been widely practiced in plant and animal breeding as a means to enhance the quality and fitness of the organisms. In domestic equids, this hybrid vigor takes the form of improved physical and physiological characteristics, notably for strength or endurance. Because the offspring of horse and donkey is generally sterile, this widely recognized vigor is expressed in the first generation (F1). However, in the absence of recombination between the two parental genomes, F1 hybrids can be expected to be phenotypically intermediate between their parents which could potentially restrict the possibilities of an increase in overall fitness. In this study, we examine the morphology of the main limb bones of domestic horses, donkeys and their hybrids to investigate the phenotypic impact of hybridization on the locomotor system. We explore bone shape variation and covariation to gain insights into the morphological and functional expressions of the hybrid vigor commonly described in domestic equids. Results Our data reveal the occurrence of transgressive effects on several bones in the F1 generation. The patterns of morphological integration further demonstrate that the developmental processes producing covariation are not disrupted by hybridization, contrary to functional ones. Conclusions These results suggest that an increase in overall fitness could be related to more flexibility in shape change in hybrids, except for the main forelimb long bones of which the morphology is strongly driven by muscle interactions. More broadly, this study illustrates the interest of investigating not only bone shape variation but also underlying processes, in order to contribute to better understanding how developmental and functional mechanisms are affected by hybridization.

Coping in groups of domestic horses – Review from a social and neurobiological perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 138 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Machteld C. VanDierendonck ◽  
Berry M. Spruijt
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Horses

scholarly journals Ancient DNA shows domestic horses were introduced in the southern Caucasus and Anatolia during the Bronze Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (38) ◽  
pp. eabb0030
Author(s):  
Silvia Guimaraes ◽  
Benjamin S. Arbuckle ◽  
Joris Peters ◽  
Sarah E. Adcock ◽  
Hijlke Buitenhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
Third Millennium Bce ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southern Caucasus ◽  
The Bronze Age

Despite the important roles that horses have played in human history, particularly in the spread of languages and cultures, and correspondingly intensive research on this topic, the origin of domestic horses remains elusive. Several domestication centers have been hypothesized, but most of these have been invalidated through recent paleogenetic studies. Anatolia is a region with an extended history of horse exploitation that has been considered a candidate for the origins of domestic horses but has never been subject to detailed investigation. Our paleogenetic study of pre- and protohistoric horses in Anatolia and the Caucasus, based on a diachronic sample from the early Neolithic to the Iron Age (~8000 to ~1000 BCE) that encompasses the presumed transition from wild to domestic horses (4000 to 3000 BCE), shows the rapid and large-scale introduction of domestic horses at the end of the third millennium BCE. Thus, our results argue strongly against autochthonous independent domestication of horses in Anatolia.

Social play and its initiation in an established group of young domestic horses

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
L McCallum ◽  
L C Dumbell
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Social Play ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Adaptive Function ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Equine Welfare ◽  
Young Horses ◽  
Behavioural Repertoire ◽  
Established Group

Although ethograms of social play behaviour have been formulated (McDonnell & Poulin, 2002; Zharkikh, 2003) few studies focus on equine social play (Christensen et al., 2002). Social play studies have largely focussed on the time budgets and generalised interactions between herds (for example Boyd, 1988) rather than specific social behaviour sequences between limited numbers of horses. However, by observing pairs or small groups of animals, much may be learned about the dynamics of social communication in a particular species (Kalmus, 1969; Poole, 1972). Although play appears to be considered as either functionless or as serving different roles depending on species, age and even sex of individuals Burghardt (2006) speculated that 5 selected advantages in the performance of play within the behavioural repertoire of an animal existed, control, adaptive function, development, evolution and private experience. Further knowledge of equine social play may be of benefit to equine welfare and performance. The aim of the current study was to describe and quantify the involvement in social play and its initiation within an established group of young horses.

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