Social play and its initiation in an established group of young domestic horses

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
L McCallum ◽  
L C Dumbell
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Social Play ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Adaptive Function ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Equine Welfare ◽  
Young Horses ◽  
Behavioural Repertoire ◽  
Established Group

Although ethograms of social play behaviour have been formulated (McDonnell & Poulin, 2002; Zharkikh, 2003) few studies focus on equine social play (Christensen et al., 2002). Social play studies have largely focussed on the time budgets and generalised interactions between herds (for example Boyd, 1988) rather than specific social behaviour sequences between limited numbers of horses. However, by observing pairs or small groups of animals, much may be learned about the dynamics of social communication in a particular species (Kalmus, 1969; Poole, 1972). Although play appears to be considered as either functionless or as serving different roles depending on species, age and even sex of individuals Burghardt (2006) speculated that 5 selected advantages in the performance of play within the behavioural repertoire of an animal existed, control, adaptive function, development, evolution and private experience. Further knowledge of equine social play may be of benefit to equine welfare and performance. The aim of the current study was to describe and quantify the involvement in social play and its initiation within an established group of young horses.

scholarly journals Cariprazine alleviates core behavioral deficits in the prenatal valproic acid exposure model of autism spectrum disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Román ◽  
Nika Adham ◽  
Andrew G. Foley ◽  
Lynsey Hanratty ◽  
Bence Farkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Social Play ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Exposure Model ◽  
Behavioral Deficits

Abstract Rationale Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction and restricted, repetitive behaviors. The unmet medical need in ASD is considerable since there is no approved pharmacotherapy for the treatment of these deficits in social communication, interaction, and behavior. Cariprazine, a dopamine D3-preferring D3/D2 receptor partial agonist, is already approved for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder in adults; investigation in patients with ASD is warranted. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cariprazine, compared with risperidone and aripiprazole, in the rat prenatal valporic acid (VPA) exposure model on behavioral endpoints representing the core and associated symptoms of ASD. Methods To induce the ASD model, time-mated Wistar rat dams were treated with VPA during pregnancy. Male offspring were assigned to groups and studied in a behavioral test battery at different ages, employing social play, open field, social approach-avoidance, and social recognition memory tests. Animals were dosed orally, once a day for 8 days, with test compounds (cariprazine, risperidone, aripiprazole) or vehicle before behavioral assessment. Results Cariprazine showed dose-dependent efficacy on all behavioral endpoints. In the social play paradigm, only cariprazine was effective. On the remaining behavioral endpoints, including the reversal of hyperactivity, risperidone and aripiprazole displayed similar efficacy to cariprazine. Conclusions In the present study, cariprazine effectively reversed core behavioral deficits and hyperactivity present in juvenile and young adult autistic-like rats. These findings indicate that cariprazine may be useful in the treatment of ASD symptoms.

Time-Budgets of Camargue Horses Ii. Time-Budgets of Adult Horses and Weaned Sub-Adults

Behaviour ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 72 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 26-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social System ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Young Horses

AbstractTime-budgets of adult and weaned sub-adult horses were studied in a small population of Camargue horses living in semi-liberty. The categories of activities used were: Standing resting, Lying flat, Lying up, Standing alert, Walking, Trotting, Galloping, Rolling and Foraging. The main differences in time-budgets were related to age and to sex : young horses spent more time lying (sleeping), males spent more time standing alert and in rapid movements (trot, gallop), while usually foraging less than did the adult females. During the three years of the study the population increased from 20 to 54 horses and there were considerable changes in social structure as the number of adult males increased. Associated with these developments there were some changes between years in the time-budgets: the most striking of which was a general trend for all horses to spend less time lying. Nonetheless the time-budgets showed a considerable constancy across years and age/sex-classes, especially with regard to time spent foraging. This conclusion may provide a clue as to why horses have an unusual social system based on long term relationships between a male and the females of his harem.

The paucity of social play in juvenile Mus domesticus: what is missing from the behavioural repertoire?

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio M. Pellis ◽  
Vivien C. Pellis ◽  
C. Jo Manning ◽  
Donald A. Dewsbury
Keyword(s):  
Social Play ◽  
Mus Domesticus ◽  
Behavioural Repertoire

NS.2.2 - MEASURING MOTIVATION, REWARD AND PERFORMANCE OF SOCIAL PLAY BEHAVIOR IN RATS

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e19
Author(s):  
E.J.M. Achterberg ◽  
L.W.M. van Kerkhof ◽  
M. Servadio ◽  
M.M.H. van Swieten ◽  
V. Trezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Play ◽  
Play Behavior ◽  
Social Play Behavior ◽  
And Performance

Developmental Profile of Social Communication: Findings in Typical Developing Greek Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-204
Author(s):  
Ioannis Vogindroukas ◽  
Evripidis Nikolaos Chelas ◽  
Nikolaos E. Petridis
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Developmental Profile ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
The Social ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Insight Into

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The Developmental Profile of Social Communication (DPSC) is based on the communication and language development in children with social communication difficulties. DPSC facilitates understanding of the challenges these children face in social interaction, communication, and linguistic development. It utilizes clinician and parent responses to build the developmental profiles of individuals. The profile allows clinicians to determine the therapeutic goals for improved cooperation and communication in various contexts. In addition, it provides insight into the parents’ perspective. The aim of this study is to present the preliminary results of the DPSC in typically developing Greek children. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The DPSC, a 112-item questionnaire, was administered to 357 parents of typically developing children aged 2–7.5 years using a 3-scale rating of answers. It was applied electronically via Google forms, and parents were able to ask for clarification on questions. All answers were categorized and then analyzed under independent variables. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Descriptive and hypothesis testing were used to summarize participant characteristics and performance. Findings suggest that children &#x3e;7.5 years tended to develop most of the rated skills of DPSC adequately. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> It was determined that the DPSC questionnaire is an easily administered tool that enables the evaluation of the social communication abilities of children of different ages.

scholarly journals The Behaviour of Stallions in a Semiferal Herd in Iceland: Time Budgets, Home Ranges, and Interactions

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrefna Sigurjonsdottir ◽  
Anna G. Thorhallsdottir ◽  
Helga M. Hafthorsdottir ◽  
Sandra M. Granquist
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
The Other ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Young Horses ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Icelandic Horses ◽  
Horse Owners

A permanent herd of Icelandic horses with four stallions and their harems was studied for a total of 316 hours in a large pasture (215 ha) in May 2007 in Iceland. Interactions between stallions of different harems and other aspects of the horses' behaviour were studied. One stallion and nine horses were introduced into the pasture prior to the study to examine the reactions of the resident stallions to a newcomer. The stallions spent significantly less time grazing than other horses and were more vigilant. Home ranges overlapped, but harems never mixed. The stallions prevented interactions between members of different harems indirectly by herding. Generally, interactions between resident stallions were nonviolent. However, encounters with the introduced stallion were more aggressive and more frequent than between the other stallions. Here, we show that four harems can share the same enclosure peacefully. The social network seems to keep aggression at a low level both within the harems and the herd as a whole. We encourage horse owners to consider the feasibility of keeping their horses in large groups because of low aggression and because such a strategy gives the young horses good opportunities to develop normally, both physically and socially.

Comparative Analysis of Time Spent Grooming By Birds in Relation To Parasite Load

Behaviour ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 131 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 171-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale H. Clayton ◽  
Peter Cotgreave
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Maintenance Activity ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Maintenance Time ◽  
Maintenance Activities ◽  
Louse Species ◽  
Maintenance Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Repertoire

AbstractAlthough grooming and other kinds of maintenance activity are important components of the behavioural repertoire of terrestrial vertebrates, comparative studies of the proportion of time budgets devoted to maintenance are lacking. Data were collated on the proportion of their time-budgets devoted to maintenance behaviour by 62 different bird species. On average, birds spend 9.2% of the day in maintenance activities, with the major component (92.6%) being grooming. Male birds devoted more time to maintenance than females, except in the case of ducks. Maintenance time does not appear to correlate with morphology, moult, latitude, coloniality or season. However, bird species known to harbour more parasitic louse species spend more time on maintenance than do host species with few lice.

scholarly journals 6 Evaluating the recognition of a large rotated object in domestic horses (equus caballus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Megan E Corgan ◽  
Temple Grandin ◽  
Sarah Matlock
Keyword(s):  
Equus Caballus ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Large Object ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
Familiar Environment ◽  
Young Horses ◽  
Possible Cause

Abstract It is dangerous for both riders and horses when the horse suddenly startles. Sometimes horses do this in a familiar environment, with a possible cause being that familiar objects may look different when they are rotated. The purpose of this study was to determine if a horse that had been habituated to a large object (children’s plastic playset) would perceive the object as novel when the object was rotated 90 degrees. Twenty-four young horses were habituated to one side of the playset and led 15 times by a handler until they showed no behavioral reactions. The behavioral signs observed and analyzed were ears focused on the object, nostril flares, neck raising, obvious exhale, avoid by leaning away, and avoid by moving side. The most common reactions observed were ears focused on the object, nostril flares and neck raising. Reactions were mild, because the horses used were safe to lead and all procedures were done at a walk. When the playset was rotated, the behavioral signs observed were similar to behaviors shown on the first exposure to the playset. An unpaired two-sample Wilcoxon test was performed on the behavioral signs, comparing the number of behavioral signs present on pass 1 compared to pass 16 (rotated). There was a significant difference between the control and rotated group (W = 9.5, P = 0.001572, P &lt; 0.05). Horses previously habituated to a large object perceived the rotated object as novel. Horse safety can possibly be improved by habituating a horse to all sides of a novel object.

scholarly journals Recumbency as an Equine Welfare Indicator in Geriatric Horses and Horses with Chronic Orthopaedic Disease

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3189
Author(s):  
Zsofia Kelemen ◽  
Herwig Grimm ◽  
Mariessa Long ◽  
Ulrike Auer ◽  
Florien Jenner
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Wearable Sensor ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Sleep Deficiency ◽  
Equine Welfare

Recumbency is a prerequisite for horses achieving rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and completing a full sleep cycle. An inability to lie down due to environmental insecurities or pain results in REM sleep deficiency, which can cause substantial impairment of welfare and health. Therefore, the present study used wearable automated sensor technology on 83 horses housed in an animal sanctuary to measure and compare the recumbency, locomotion, and standing time budgets of geriatric horses with and without chronic lameness to younger adult sound and lame horses. Recumbency times ranged from 0 to 319 min per day with an overall mean of 67.4 (±61.9) minutes; the time budget for locomotion was 19.1% (±11.2% s.d.) and for standing 75.6% (±13.1 s.d.). Interestingly, neither age nor lameness due to chronic orthopedic disease had a significant influence on recumbency times in this study. Eight horses showed symptoms of REM deficit. These horses had significantly shorter lying times (7.99 ± 11.4 min) and smaller locomotion time budgets than the other horses enrolled in this study (73.8 ± 61.8 min), indicating a general compromise of well-being. Thus, wearable sensor technology can be used to identify horses with low recumbency times at risk for REM sleep deficiency and to assess and monitor equine welfare objectively.

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