Evaluation of a convenient vaccination schedule against hepatitis B in HIV-patients with undetectable HIV viral load

Vaccine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1533-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Kourkounti ◽  
Theodoros Retsas ◽  
Vassilios Paparizos ◽  
Antonios Tsimpidakis ◽  
Violetta Kapsimali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Patients

scholarly journals Suboptimal Immune Reconstitution among HIV-Infected Saudi Patients following Successful Antiretroviral Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fahad Al-Majid ◽  
Zahid Shakoor ◽  
Mazin Barry
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Saudi Patients

Background and Objectives. Variations in immune reconstitution following antiretroviral treatment (ART) among HIV patients have previously been observed. This study aims at assessing immune reconstitution after successful ART among HIV-infected Saudi patients.Methods. This retrospective study of 240 HIV-infected patients was performed between May 2010 and June 2015 in the HIV center at King Saud Hospital, Riyadh. Data were extracted for CD4, CD8 cell, and CD3/HLA-DR counts along with the viral load from patient records before and after four years of successful ART. The inclusion criterion was patients with CD4 reconstitution of either equal to or more than 400 cells/mm3with an undetectable HIV viral load following ART. Based on their presentation, the HIV patients were grouped into early treatment (ET) and delayed treatment (DT) groups with CD4 counts of 200–350 cells/mm3and less than 200 cells/mm3, respectively.Findings. The pretreatment CD8+ counts of median 865 cells/mm3(interquartile range (IQR) 774–1072) in the DT group declined to median 753 cells/mm3(IQR 574–987;p<0.0001). Moreover, there was a decline in CD8 counts from 703 cells/mm3(IQR 655–747) to 620 cells/mm3(IQR 563–645;p<0.04) in the ET group after four years of successful ART. Pretreatment activation marker (CD3/HLA-DR+) expression of median 29% in the DT group declined to 22% and in the ET group from a median of 23% to 19% after treatment. The CD4/CD8 ratio in the DT group increased from 0.14 (IQR 0.09–0.88) to 0.71 (IQR 0.54–0.9) and from 0.42 (IQR 0.35–0.55) to 0.87 (IQR 0.71–0.98) in the ET group.Conclusion. Immune reconstitution after successful ART among HIV-infected Saudi patients was associated with a CD8 T-cell population expansion with a suboptimal CD4/CD8 ratio and persistent immune activation. Early initiation of ART appears to favorably influence the CD4/CD8 ratio.

scholarly journals Higher Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Patients with Well-Controlled HIV Infection: Clinical Features, Treatment, and Outcome

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Williamson ◽  
Heather A. Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Myelodysplastic Syndromes ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Negative

Introduction. In advanced HIV prior to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), dysplastic marrow changes occurred and resolved with ART. Few reports of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in well-controlled HIV exist and management is undefined.Methods. Patients with well-controlled HIV and higher risk MDS were identified; characteristics, treatment, and outcomes were reviewed.Results. Of 292 MDS patients since 1996, 1 (0.3%) was HIV-positive. A 56-year-old woman presented with cytopenias. CD4 was 1310 cells/mL and HIV viral load <40 copies/mL. Bone marrow biopsy showed RCMD and karyotype included del(5q) and del(7q); IPSS was intermediate-2 risk. She received azacitidine at 75% dose. Cycle 2, at full dose, was complicated by marrow aplasia and possible AML; she elected palliation. Three additional HIV patients with higher risk MDS, aged 56–64, were identified from the literature. All had deletions involving chromosomes 5 and 7. MDS treatment of 2 was not reported and one received palliation; all died of AML.Conclusion. Four higher risk MDS in well-controlled HIV were below the median age of diagnosis for HIV-negative patients; all had adverse karyotype. This is the first report of an HIV patient receiving MDS treatment with azacitidine. Cytopenias were profound and dosing in HIV patients should be considered with caution.

scholarly journals Cluster of differentiation 4+ T-cell counts and human immunodeficiency virus-1 viral load in patients coinfected with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Sakshee Gupta ◽  
Bharti Malhotra ◽  
Jitendra Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Prabhu Dayal Khandelwal ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Maheshwari
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Coinfections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with hepatitis viruses may affect the progress of disease and response to therapy. OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfections in HIV–positive patients and their influence on HIV–1 viral load and cluster of differentiation 4+ (CD4+) T–cell counts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This pilot study was done on 179 HIV–positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre. Their blood samples were tested for HIV-1 viral load, CD4+ T–cell counts, hepatitis B surface antigen, anti–HCV antibodies, HBV DNA and HCV RNA polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Among the 179 patients, 7.82% (14/179) were coinfected with HBV and 4.46% (8/179) with HCV. Median CD4+ T–cell count of HIV monoinfected patients was 200 cells/µl and viral load was 1.67 log10 copies/µl. Median CD4+ T–cell counts of 193 cells/µl for HBV (P = 0.230) and 197 cells/µl for HCV (P = 0.610) coinfected patients were similar to that of HIV monoinfected patients. Viral load was higher in both HBV and HCV infected patients but statistically significant only for HCV (P = 0.017). Increase in CD4+ T–cell counts and decrease in HIV–1 viral load in coinfected patients on 2 years of ART were lower than that in HIV monoinfected patients. CONCLUSION: HBV/HCV coinfected HIV patients had similar CD4+ T–cell counts as in HIV monoinfected patients, higher HIV viral load both in chemo–naive patients and in those on ART as compared to HIV monoinfected patients. However, this study needs to be done on a large scale to assess the impact of coinfection on CD4 count and HIV viral load with proper follow–up of patients every 6 months till at least 2 years.

scholarly journals Calculated Globulin Adds Predictive Value to Hepatitis B Vaccine Response in HIV-infected Persons Independently of HIV Viral load and CD4 Cell Count

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S656-S657
Author(s):  
Thomas O’Bryan ◽  
Chris Olsen ◽  
Syed Rahman ◽  
Jason Okulicz ◽  
Anuradha Ganesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Evolutionary Profile of HIV-HBV Co-Infected Patients Followed at Ambulatory Treatment Center in Fann Hospital Dakar-Senegal

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Ndeye Fatou Ngom-Gueye ◽  
Mahamat Ali Bolti ◽  
Abdoul Aziz Ndiaye ◽  
Kine Ndiaye ◽  
Makhtar Ndiaga Diop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Ambulatory Treatment ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cd4 Cell

CONTEXT: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are major global public health problems because of their frequency, complications and probable socio-demographic consequences.Viral hepatitis B is identified as more frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV.The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological and evolutionary profile of HIV-HBV co-infected patients, treated at CTA/CHNU Fann, in Dakar, Senegal.METHODOLOGY: This is a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of patients aged at least 18 years, co-infected with HIV-HBV and followed-up at CTA under ART for at least one year from January 2010 to December 2014.RESULTS: The study included 457 patients. 58 of these patients were diagnosed positive, (12.7%) of HIV-HBV prevalence. The average age of patients was 39.62 ± 10.12 years with extremes ranging from 21 to 61 years. The sex ratio was 1.23. (96%) of patients were infected with HIV-1 and those at WHO stages III and IV were (67%). The average CD4 count at baseline was 235 cells/mm3 [3-936]. Plasma HIV viral load average at baseline was 4.1 log copies/ml [3.89-5.12] copies/ml. The average body mass index (BMI) was 21.42 ± 3.82 Kg/m². Fever and degraded general status were respectively (65%) and (60%) followed by hepatomegaly and jaundice. The lethality was 3.45%. Of the 58 patients co-infected with HIV-HBV, 51/58 (87.93%) were under a therapeutic regimen containing Tenofovir/lamivudine or Tenofovir/Emtricitabine and 7 patients under a regimen containing lamivudine. At 48 weeks of treatment a good evolution of the biological parameters was noted: (90%) had a controlled viral load, (91%) a normal transaminase, (79%) a normal serum creatinine. Only 29% had a CD4 cell count <350 cells/mm3.CONCLUSION: The Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis B remains relatively high (12.70%) among PLHIV in Dakar. While active search for hepatitis B has been effective in all PLHIV since 2010, overall management remains a challenge as hepatitis B markers and viral DNA assay are not at the reach of patients.

scholarly journals PDL1 expression on monocytes is associated with plasma cytokines in Tuberculosis and HIV

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258122
Author(s):  
Wegene Tamene ◽  
Meseret Abebe ◽  
Liya Wassie ◽  
Helina Mollalign ◽  
Katrin Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Monocyte Subsets ◽  
Cytokine Mrna ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Plasma Cytokines ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Introduction PDL1 and its interaction with PD1 is implicated in immune dysfunction in TB and HIV. The expression of PDL1 on multiple subsets of monocytes as well as their associations with cytokines and microbial products have not been well studied. Method HIV (TB-HIV+), TB (TB+HIV-) and TB/HIV co-infected (TB+HIV+) patients as well as apparently healthy controls (TB-HIV-) were recruited. TB and HIV patients were treatment naïve while TB/HIV patients were both ART naïve and experienced but not yet started TB therapy. Monocyte subsets were evaluated for PDL1 expression by flow cytometry; plasma TNFα, IL6, IP10, IFNγ and IL10 were measured by Luminex; and cytokine mRNA from purified monocytes quantitated by qPCR. The association of PDL1 with cytokines, clinical and microbial indices, including HIV viral load, TB smear microscopy and TB urinary lipoarabinomannan (LAM) were assessed. Results Monocyte expression of PDL1 was significantly higher in TB, HIV and TB/HIV co-infected patients compared with healthy controls (p = 0.0001), with the highest levels in TB/HIV co-infected patients. The highest expression of PDL1 was on intermediate (CD14+CD16+) monocytes in all participant groups. PDL1 strongly correlated with HIV viral load in TB/HIV while weakly correlated in HIV. PDL1 levels moderately correlated with plasma TNFα, IL6, IP10, IFNγ and IL10 level in TB subjects whereas weakly correlated with TNFα and IP10 in HIV patients. However, cytokine mRNA from purified monocytes showed no association with either plasma cytokines or monocyte PDL1 expression, implying that if cytokines modulate PDL1, they are likely not originating from circulating monocytes themselves. These results underscore the importance of further characterization of multiple monocyte subsets and their phenotypic and functional differences in different disease states.

scholarly journals The distinct epidemic characteristics of HCV co-infection among HIV-1-infected population caused by drug injection and sexual transmission in Yunnan, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-Mei Zhang ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Li Gao ◽  
Mi Zhang ◽  
Lingshuai Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Hcv Genotype ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Genotype 3A

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was frequent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients in Yunnan province. We studied the epidemic characteristics of HCV in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Serum from 894 HIV-1 patients was collected, together with basic information and biochemical features. All samples were infected with HIV through injecting drug users (IDUs) and sexual transmission (ST). The NS5B gene was amplified and sequenced to affirm HCV genotype. In total, 202 HIV patients were co-infected with HCV, and most (81.19%) of co-infected patients were IDUs. Genotype 3b was predominant (37.62%) in these samples, and its frequency was similar in patients with IDU and ST. The frequencies of genotypes 1a, 1b, 3a, 6a, 6n, 2a and 6u were 3.96%, 16.34%, 23.76%, 6.93%, 10.40%, 0.50% and 0.50%, respectively. However, genotype 3a showed significantly different frequency in HCV patients with IDU and ST (P = 0.019). When HCV patients were divided into subgroups, the haemoglobin (HGB) level was significantly higher in patients with genotype 3a than in patients with 3b (P = 0.033), 6a (P = 0.006) and 6n (P = 0.007), respectively. Although no difference existed among HCV subgroups, HIV-viral load was identified to be positively correlated with the HGB level and CD4+ cells when dividing HCV/HIV co-infected persons into male and female groups. In conclusion, genotype 3b was the predominant HCV genotype in Yunnan HIV/HCV co-infected persons. The HGB level was higher in patients with genotype 3a than others. HIV-viral load was positively correlated with the HGB level and CD4+ cells in the male or female HCV-infected group.

scholarly journals PO 8481 HIGH HEPATITIS B VIRUS INCIDENCE AMONG HIV-1-INFECTED TREATMENT-NAIVE ADULTS IN BOTSWANA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A44.1-A44
Author(s):  
Bonolo B Phinius ◽  
Resego Bokete ◽  
Motswedi Anderson ◽  
Tshepiso Mbangiwa ◽  
Wonderful Choga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Hiv 1

BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide despite a moderately potent vaccine. HBV prevalence has been shown to be higher in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hence increased liver-related morbidity and mortality, as well as general poor health outcomes in HIV-HBV co-infection. We estimated the HBV incidence among HIV-1-infected treatment-naïve adults in a longitudinal cohort in Botswana.MethodsPlasma samples from 200 HIV-1C-infected treatment-naïve participants from a completed longitudinal cohort from 2004 to 2007 were screened for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). HBsAg was assessed using Murex version 3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as per manufacturer’s instructions at 4 timepoints, 12 months apart. We estimated HBV incidence with 95% confidence interval (CI). Cox proportional regression method was used to estimate hazard ratios [gender, age (≤35 or>35) years, CD4+ T cell count (≤450 or>450) cells/µL and HIV viral load suppression (≤400 or>400) copies/mL].ResultsThe median age of screened individuals was 32 years [Q1, Q3; 28, 40] and 83.5% [167/200] were female. Baseline median CD4+ T cell count was 466.35 cells/µL [Q1, Q3: 380.43, 605.75] and median HIV viral load was 13 450 copies/mL [Q1, Q3: 2365, 37 400]. The HBV incidence was 3.6/100 person-years [95% CI: 2.2–5.6]. There were no significant differences by gender, age, HIV viral load suppression and CD4+ T cell count.ConclusionWe report for the first time a high HBV incidence among HIV-infected adults in Botswana. HBV incidence was high in this population despite generally high CD4 +T cell counts and lower HIV viral loads. Early screening of HBV in HIV-infected individuals is vital and should be included in the national HIV treatment guidelines.

scholarly journals Long term outcomes of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected Nigerians and those co-infected with hepatitis B and C viruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
A.P. Okwuraiwe ◽  
R.A. Audu ◽  
F.A. Ige ◽  
O.B. Salu ◽  
C.K. Onwuamah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Traitement Antirétroviral ◽  
Résultats À Long Terme ◽  
Charge Virale

Background: HIV co-infection with hepatitis B (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common, largely due to shared routes of transmission, but paucity of data exists for long term treatment outcomes of HIV infected patients, and those co-infected with HBV and HCV despite the high burden in Nigeria. The aim of study was to describe the longterm treatment outcomes in HIV infected Nigerians and to assess the effect of HBV and HCV co-infections on longterm response to antiretroviral therapy (ART).Methodology: This was a retrospective study of HIV infected adults (> 18 years old) consecutively initiating ART between July 2004 and December 2007, who were followed up for 7 years (2011 and 2014). HBV and HCV infections were diagnosed by detection of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCV antibody (HCVAb) respectively. HIV viral load and CD4 count were monitored 3-monthly after initiating ART, and treatment outcomes based on these were compared between patients with HIV mono-infection, HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV/HCV co-infections. Clinical and laboratory data of the patients were abstracted from the medical databases, FileMaker Pro, v 10, entered into Microsoft Excel, and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.Results: A total of 2,800 adults were evaluated (median age of 35.5 years; 64.2% female), of whom 197 (7.0%) were co-infected with HBV, 53 (1.9%) with HCV, and 15 (0.5%) with HBV and HCV. During the 7-year period, 369 (13.2%) patients were lost to follow up. Immune reconstitution, measured by CD4 recovery, was lower in both HBV and HCV co-infections compared to HIV mono-infection, but this was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Median baseline HIV viral load was 4.63 log copies/ml for all groups, which decreased to undetectable level at a median time of 6 months and remained so for the study duration.Conclusion: This study revealed a higher virologic failure among HIV/HCV co-infected group compared to other groups. No immunological difference in ART treatment outcomes between HIV mono-infected and those co-infected with HBV and HCV after 7-year follow-up. Gradual rise in CD4 was found to be an immunological evidence of the body’s recovery from HIV, buttressed by the drop in viral load over the 7-year period. Keywords: ART, HIV, HBV, HCV co-infection, long term outcomes   English title: Résultats à long terme du traitement antirétroviral hautement actif chez les Nigérians infectés par le VIH et ceux co-infectés par les virus des hépatites B et C Contexte: La co-infection par le VIH avec l'hépatite B (VHB) et/ou le virus de l'hépatite C (VHC) est courante, engrande partie en raison des voies de transmission partagées, mais il existe peu de données sur les résultats dutraitement à long terme des patients infectés par le VIH, et ceux co -infectés par le VHB et le VHC malgré le fardeau élevé au Nigéria. Le but de l'étude était de décrire les résultats du traitement à long terme chez les Nigérians infectés par le VIH et d'évaluer l'effet des co-infections par le VHB et le VHC sur la réponse à long terme au traitement antirétroviral (TAR).Méthodologie: Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective sur des adultes infectés par le VIH (>18 ans) ayant commencé un traitement antirétroviral consécutivement entre juillet 2004 et décembre 2007, suivis pendant 7 ans (2011 et 2014). Les infections par le VHB et le VHC ont été diagnostiquées par détection de l'antigène de surface sérique de l'hépatite B (AgHBs) et des anticorps anti-VHC (HCVAb) respectivement. La charge virale du VIH et la numération des CD4 ont été surveillées tous les trois mois après le début du TAR, et les résultats du traitement basés sur ceuxci ont été comparés entre les patients atteints de mono-infection VIH, VIH/VHB, VIH/VHC et VIH/VHB/VHC. Les données cliniques et de laboratoire des patients ont été extraites des bases de données médicales, FileMaker Pro, v 10, saisies dans Microsoft Excel et analysées à l'aide de SPSS version 20.0.Résultats: Un total de 2800 adultes ont été évalués (âge médian de 35,5 ans; 64,2% de femmes), dont 197 (7,0%) étaient co-infectés par le VHB, 53 (1,9%) par le VHC et 15 (0,5%) par le VHB et VHC. Au cours de la période de 7 ans, 369 (13,2%) patients ont été perdus de vue. La reconstitution immunitaire, mesurée par la récupération des CD4, était plus faible dans les co-infections par le VHB et le VHC que dans la mono-infection par le VIH, mais cela n'était pas statistiquement significatif (p>0,05). La charge virale VIH de base médiane était de 4,63 log copies / ml pour tous les groupes, ce qui a diminué à un niveau indétectable à une période médiane de 6 mois et le reste pendant toute la durée de l'étude.Conclusion: Cette étude a révélé un échec virologique plus élevé parmi le groupe co-infecté par le VIH / VHC par rapport aux autres groupes. Aucune différence immunologique dans les résultats du traitement TAR entre le VIH mono-infecté et ceux co-infectés par le VHB et le VHC après un suivi de 7 ans. L’augmentation progressive des CD4 s’est avérée être une preuve immunologique de la guérison du corps du VIH, étayée par la baisse de la charge virale au cours de la période de 7 ans. Mots clés: TAR, VIH, VHB, co-infection par le VHC, résultats à long terme      

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