Penetration of pollen tubes with accumulated Raspberry bushy dwarf virus into stigmas is involved in initial infection of maternal tissue and horizontal transmission

Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), genus Idaeovirus, has been reported in commercial Rubus spp. from North and South America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Infection can cause reduced vigor and drupelet abortion leading to crumbly fruit and reduced yields (3,4). In recent years, Rubus germplasm in the form of seed, was obtained on several collection trips to The People's Republic of China to increase the diversity of Rubus spp. in the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, (Corvallis, OR). Before planting in the field, seedlings were tested for the presence of RBDV, Tomato ringspot virus, and Tobacco streak virus using triple-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) (antiserum produced by R. R. Martin). One symptomless plant of R. multibracteatus H. Lev. & Vaniot (PI 618457 in USDA-ARS GRIN database), from Guizhou province in China, tested positive for RBDV (RBDV-China). After mechanical transmission on Chenopodium quinoa Willd., this isolate produced typical symptoms of RBDV (3). To determine if RBDV-China was a contaminant during the handling of the plants, or if the source was a seedborne virus, the coat protein gene was sequenced and compared to published sequences of RBDV. RNA was extracted from leaves of R. multibracteatus and subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers that flank the coat protein gene. Products from four separate PCR reactions were sequenced directly or were cloned into the plasmid vector pCR 2.1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and then sequenced. The coding sequence of the coat protein gene of RBDV-China was 87.5% (722/825) identical to that isolated from black raspberry (Genbank Accession No. s55890). The predicted amino acid sequences were 91.6% (251/274) identical. Previously, a maximum of five amino acid differences had been observed in the coat proteins of different RBDV strains (1). The 23 differences observed between RBDV-China and the isolate from black raspberry (s55890) confirm that the RBDV in R. multibracteatus is not a greenhouse contaminant but is indeed a unique strain of RBDV. In addition, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to RBDV (2) were tested against RBDV-China. In these tests, MAb D1 did not detect RBDV-China, whereas MAb R2 and R5 were able to detect the strain. This is the first strain of RBDV that has been clearly differentiated by MAbs using standard TAS-ELISA tests. Although RBDV is common in commercial Rubus spp. worldwide, to our knowledge, this is the first report of RBDV in R. multibracteatus, and the first report of RBDV from China. The effects of this new strain of RBDV could be more or less severe, or have a different host range than previously studied strains. It is more divergent from the type isolate than any other strain that has been studied to date. Phylogenetic analysis of coat protein genes of RBDV may be useful in understanding the evolution and spread of this virus. References: (1) A. T. Jones et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 106:623, 2000. (2) R. R. Martin. Can. J. Plant. Pathol. 6:264, 1984. (3) A. F. Murant. Raspberry Bushy Dwarf. Page 229 in: Virus Diseases of Small Fruits. R. H. Converse, ed. U.S. Dep. Agric. Agric. Handb. 631, 1987. (4) B. Strik and R. R. Martin. Plant Dis. 87:294, 2003.

Download Full-text

First Report of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus Infecting Grapevine in Hungary

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-04-12-0383-pdn ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 (10) ◽

pp. 1582-1582 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

I. Mavrič Pleško ◽

M. Viršček Marn ◽

K. Nyerges ◽

J. Lázár

Keyword(s):

Natural Infection ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Southwestern Part ◽

First Report ◽

Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus ◽

Two Samples ◽

Rubus Species ◽

Das Elisa

Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) is the sole member of genus Idaeovirus and naturally infects Rubus species worldwide. It can be experimentally transmitted to many dicotyledonous plant species from different families. In Slovenia it has been reported to naturally infect grapevine, the first known non-Rubus natural host (3). However, RBDV from red raspberry and grapevine were found to be different in biological, serological, and molecular characteristics (4). From 2007 to 2010, grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyards were sampled in different parts of Hungary and tested for RBDV infection by double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using commercial reagents (Bioreba, Reinach, Switzerland). Overall, 181 samples were collected from 10 vineyards around Csörnyeföld, Badacsony, Eger, Tolcsva (Orémus), and Nagyréde. Samples were taken randomly unless plants showing virus-like symptoms were present, which were preferentially included in the survey. Two samples collected in 2010, each consisting of five leaves from five individual plants, tested positive by DAS-ELISA. They originated from a small private vineyard of Italian Riesling, Pinot Gris, and Rhein Riesling in the southwestern part of Hungary near Csörnyeföld where 29 samples were collected. All leaves were asymptomatic. Total RNA was extracted from positive samples using a RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). cDNA was synthesized using primer RNA12 as described (4) and further amplified by PCR using primers RBDVUP1/RBDVLO4 that amplified an 872-bp fragment of RBDV coat protein and 3′ non-translated region (2). Amplification products from both samples were directly sequenced (Macrogen, Seoul, Korea). The sequences showed 98.6% identity between each other and were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. JQ928628 and JQ928629). Sequences were also compared with RBDV sequences deposited in GenBank. They showed 97.7 to 99.3% identity with RBDV sequences from grapevine from Slovenia and 94.2 to 96.1% with RBDV sequences from Rubus sp. Natural infection of grapevine with RBDV was first reported from Slovenia in 2003 (3) and was recently reported also from Serbia (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of RBDV infection of grapevine in Hungary and suggests a wider presence of the virus in the region. References: (1) D. Jevremovic and S. Paunovic. Pestic. Phytomed. (Belgrade) 26:55, 2011. (2) H. I. Kokko et al. BioTechniques 20:842, 1996. (3) I. Mavric Pleško et al. Plant Dis. 87:1148, 2003. (4) I. Mavric Pleško et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 123:261, 2009.

Download Full-text

Raspberry bushy dwarf virus. [Distribution map].

Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases ◽

10.1079/dmpd/20133421485 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

South Carolina ◽

Central America ◽

New Hampshire ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

Distribution Map ◽

Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus ◽

Virus Distribution ◽

New Distribution ◽

Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Raspberry bushy dwarf virus. Idaeovirus. Main hosts: Rubus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Belarus, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Sweden, UK, England and Wales, Scotland), Asia (China, Guizhou, Japan, Honshu), Africa (South Africa), North America (Canada, British Columbia, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, California, Georgia, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Washington), Central America & Caribbean (Costa Rica), South America (Chile, Ecuador), Oceania (Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand).

Download Full-text

Raspberry bushy dwarf virus in Slovenia - geographic distribution, genetic diversity and population structure

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10658-020-02115-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 158 (4) ◽

pp. 1033-1042

Author(s):

Irena Mavrič Pleško ◽

Janja Lamovšek ◽

Andreja Lešnik ◽

Mojca Viršček Marn

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Protein Sequences ◽

Population Diversity ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

Substantial Part ◽

Stabilizing Selection ◽

Red Raspberry ◽

Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus ◽

Distribution Studies

Abstract Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) is a long-known virus naturally infecting Rubus and grapevine. It is also one of the economically most important viruses of raspberries, but there are only a limited number of sequences covering a substantial part of the genome available in the databases. The aim of this study was: i) to study the geographic distribution of RBDV in Slovenia, and ii) to sequence RNA2 of several red raspberry and grapevine RBDV isolates and study their phylogeny and population structure. Geographic distribution studies were performed over a period of 13 years in three wine-growing regions of Slovenia (Primorska, Podravje and Posavje). The highest incidence of RBDV was found in Podravje (58.8%) and the lowest in Primorska (5.1%). Big differences were observed between Vipavska dolina (10.2%) and three other wine-growing districts of Primorska region (0.4–1.2%). Almost complete RNA2 sequences were obtained for four red raspberry isolates and seven grapevine isolates. Additionally, only coat protein sequences were obtained for three red raspberry isolates. Phylogenetic and population diversity analyses were performed on all available RBDV sequences. Phylogenetic analysis has shown clear differences in sequences from Rubus and grapevine that form two highly supported clades. In RNA2 analysis additional two sub-clades were found in grapevine clade. Two major subclades were identified also in the Rubus clade with further differentiation within these subclades. Purifying or stabilizing selection was found to be acting on both, CP and MP genes while few codons were found to be under positive selection.

Download Full-text

Molecular detection and characterisation of black raspberry necrosis virus and raspberry bushy dwarf virus isolates in wild raspberries

Annals of Applied Biology ◽

10.1111/aab.12438 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 173 (2) ◽

pp. 97-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Susi ◽

M.L. Rajamäki ◽

K. Artola ◽

F.R. Jayaraj-Mallika ◽

J.P.T. Valkonen

Keyword(s):

Molecular Detection ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

Black Raspberry ◽

Necrosis Virus ◽

Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus ◽

Virus Isolates

Download Full-text

Effect of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus, Raspberry leaf mottle virus, and Raspberry latent virus on Plant Growth and Fruit Crumbliness in ‘Meeker’ Red Raspberry

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-05-13-0562-re ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 176-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Diego F. Quito-Avila ◽

Danielle Lightle ◽

Robert R. Martin

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

The United States ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Rubus Idaeus ◽

Latent Virus ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

Mottle Virus ◽

Mixed Infections ◽

Red Raspberry ◽

Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus

Raspberry crumbly fruit in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus), widespread in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and British Columbia, Canada, is most commonly caused by a virus infection. Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) has long been attributed as the causal agent of the disease. Recently, the identification of two additional viruses, Raspberry leaf mottle virus (RLMV) and Raspberry latent virus (RpLV), in northern Washington and British Columbia, suggested the existence of a possible new virus complex responsible for the increased severity of the disease. Virus testing of crumbly fruited plants from five fields in northern Washington revealed the presence of RLMV and RpLV, in addition to RBDV. Plants with less severe crumbly fruit symptoms had a much lower incidence of RLMV or RpLV. Field trials using replicated plots of ‘Meeker’ plants containing single and mixed infections of RBDV, RLMV, or RpLV, along with a virus-free control, were developed to determine the role of RLMV and RpLV in crumbly fruit. Field evaluations during establishment and two fruiting years revealed that plants infected with the three viruses or the combinations RBDV+RLMV and RBDV+RpLV had the greatest reduction in cane growth, or fruit firmness and fruit weight, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that the titer of RBDV was increased ~400-fold when it occurred in mixed infections with RLMV compared to RBDV in single infections. In addition, a virus survey revealed that RLMV and RpLV are present at high incidence in northern Washington; whereas the incidence in southern Washington and Oregon, where crumbly fruit is not as serious a problem, was considerably lower.

Download Full-text