Flow cytometry and adenosine tri-phosphate analysis: Alternative possibilities to evaluate major bacteriological changes in drinking water treatment and distribution systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (15) ◽  
pp. 4665-4676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Vital ◽  
Marco Dignum ◽  
Aleksandra Magic-Knezev ◽  
Petra Ross ◽  
Luuk Rietveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
Phosphate Analysis

scholarly journals Online flow cytometry reveals microbial dynamics influenced by concurrent natural and operational events in groundwater used for drinking water treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Besmer ◽  
Jannis Epting ◽  
Rebecca M. Page ◽  
Jürg A. Sigrist ◽  
Peter Huggenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Microbial Dynamics

scholarly journals Occurrence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Genes in Two Drinking Water Treatment and Distribution Systems in the North-West Province of South Africa

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 745
Author(s):  
Collins Njie Ateba ◽  
Naledi Mahalia Tabi ◽  
Justine Fri ◽  
Marie Ebob Agbortabot Bissong ◽  
Cornelius Carlos Bezuidenhout
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
North West Province

With the increasing spread of antimicrobial resistance, there is growing attention to the contribution made by drinking water systems. The potential health impact of two drinking water treatment and distribution systems (A and B) in the North-West Province of South Africa was determined by investigating the water quality and occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant heterotrophic bacteria and genes in the raw and treated water over four seasons. Most of the physicochemical parameters except for electrical conductivity were within permissible limits. Coliform bacteria reduced from raw to potable water except for counts higher than the threshold recorded in Summer and Winter. A total of 203 heterotrophic bacterial isolates were recovered on chromogenic R2A medium and subjected to susceptibility testing to twelve antibiotics. Most of the isolates were resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and Trimethoprim, whereas they were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin, and Neomycin. The proportions of Cephalothin and Kanamycin-resistant isolates were significantly higher (p < 0.05) after treatment for site A, compared to significantly lower β-lactam, Oxytetracycline, and Trimethoprim-resistant isolates for B. Over 50% of isolates were of high risk, indicating their origin from high antibiotic-use sources. Seventy-one (35%) isolates were multidrug-resistant, out of which the majority (53.5%, n = 38) possessed the strA gene, followed by strB 21 (29.6%), dfrB 13 (18.3%), aadA 11 (15.5%), blaCTX-M 5 (7.0%), and tetA 3 (4.2%). The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates revealed strains belonging to eight bacterial families, some of which are clinically important.

scholarly journals Effect of increasing bromide concentration on toxicity in treated drinking water

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Sawade ◽  
Rolando Fabris ◽  
Andrew Humpage ◽  
Mary Drikas
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Toxic Species ◽  
Treated Drinking Water ◽  
The Impact

Research is increasingly indicating the potential chronic health effects of brominated disinfection by-products (DBPs). This is likely to increase with elevated bromide concentrations resulting from the impacts of climate change, projected to include extended periods of drought and the sudden onset of water quality changes. This will demand more rigorous monitoring throughout distribution systems and improved water quality management at water treatment plants (WTPs). In this work the impact of increased bromide concentration on formation of DBPs following conventional treatment and chlorination was assessed for two water sources. Bioanalytical tests were utilised to determine cytotoxicity of the water post disinfection. Coagulation was shown to significantly reduce the cytotoxicity of the water, indicating that removal of natural organic matter DBP precursors continues to be an important factor in drinking water treatment. Most toxic species appear to form within the first half hour following disinfectant addition. Increasing bromide concentration across the two waters was shown to increase the formation of trihalomethanes and shifted the haloacetic acid species distribution from chlorinated to those with greater bromine substitution. This correlated with increasing cytotoxicity. This work demonstrates the challenges faced by WTPs and the possible effects increasing levels of bromide in source waters could have on public health.

Monitoring of three drinking water treatment plants using flow cytometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 850-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Helmi ◽  
A. Watt ◽  
P. Jacob ◽  
I. Ben-Hadj-Salah ◽  
A. Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Sampling Campaign

A 4-month sampling campaign has been conducted for the monitoring of three drinking water treatment plants using flow cytometry and culture-based methods to provide information related to changes in bacterial concentration according to treatments. Flow cytometry is a fast and user-friendly technique enabling bacteria quantification and viability assessment in less than 1 hour. Specific profiles regarding log-reduction of total bacteria were obtained for each treatment plant. Chlorination appeared to be the most effective by causing metabolism inactivation and nucleic acid damages. Ozonation showed a significant impact on cell activity in contrast with ultraviolet treatment which strongly affected bacterial DNA. In addition, the results showed that active bacteria quantified by flow cytometry were significantly correlated with culturable bacteria. This alternative approach appeared as gainful compared to culture methods as it greatly facilitates the diagnosis of treatment plant process for drinking water production monitoring.

scholarly journals A web-based early-warning service to monitor drinking-water treatment plant operations

2010 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Franclin S. Foping
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
The World

Drinking contaminated water can be harmful to our health. According to the World Health Organization, about 1.8 million people die every year across the world from water-borne diseases mainly caused by polluted drinking water. Furthermore, the cryptosporidium outbreak that happened in Galway in 2007 indicates the urgency to provide appropriate solutions in order to counteract this ominous situation in the country. Water treatment plants (WTP) are basic components of modern water supply and distribution systems. These are engineering systems that purify raw water to specific safety levels. The raw water passes through a series of treatment phases wherein it is processed and purified according to existing safety protocols regulating drinking water. After undergoing a purification step, the drinking water is distributed to the consumers through a network of pipes, pumps and reservoirs. The research presented in this report is focused on the safety of these critical infrastructures. In particular, the ...

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Drinking Water Treatment and Distribution Systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (17) ◽  
pp. 5714-5718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanwu Xi ◽  
Yongli Zhang ◽  
Carl F. Marrs ◽  
Wen Ye ◽  
Carl Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Source Water

ABSTRACT The occurrence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are pressing public health problems worldwide, and aquatic ecosystems are a recognized reservoir for ARB. We used culture-dependent methods and quantitative molecular techniques to detect and quantify ARB and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in source waters, drinking water treatment plants, and tap water from several cities in Michigan and Ohio. We found ARGs and heterotrophic ARB in all finished water and tap water tested, although the amounts were small. The quantities of most ARGs were greater in tap water than in finished water and source water. In general, the levels of bacteria were higher in source water than in tap water, and the levels of ARB were higher in tap water than in finished water, indicating that there was regrowth of bacteria in drinking water distribution systems. Elevated resistance to some antibiotics was observed during water treatment and in tap water. Water treatment might increase the antibiotic resistance of surviving bacteria, and water distribution systems may serve as an important reservoir for the spread of antibiotic resistance to opportunistic pathogens.

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