A discovery of low hydraulic resistance channels along meridians in rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-jing SONG ◽  
Wei-bo ZHANG ◽  
Shu-yong JIA ◽  
Guang-jun WANG ◽  
Shu-you WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Low Hydraulic Resistance

scholarly journals Induction of Hyperalgesia in Pigs through Blocking Low Hydraulic Resistance Channels and Reduction of the Resistance through Acupuncture: A Mechanism of Action of Acupuncture

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wei-Bo Zhang ◽  
Yi-Hui Xu ◽  
Yu-Ying Tian ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Guang-Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Classic Theory ◽  
Low Hydraulic Resistance

According to the classic theory of Chinese medicine, pain is due to the blockage in meridian channels, and acupuncture was invented to treat pain by “dredging” the channels. To test the theory, a hyperalgesia model was made by injecting hydrogel into low hydraulic resistance channel (LHRC) in 12 anaesthetized minipigs. Tail-flick threshold and ear-flick threshold were measured using a thermal radiation dolorimeter, and relative flick threshold (RFT) was calculated. Hydraulic resistance (HR) was measured with a biological HR measuring instrument on low HR points on LHRC and on control points with higher HR located outside LHRC; readings were recorded before, during, and after acupuncture treatment. RFT decreased after blocking the LRHC and was still significantly decreased 2 days and 4 days afterwards. No significant changes occurred when injecting saline into the same points or injecting gel into points outside the channel. Subsequent acupuncture reduced HR on LRHC along meridians but had no significant effect on sites with higher HR located outside LHRC. One of the mechanisms of action of acupuncture treatment for chronic pain may be that acupuncture affects peripheral tissue by reducing the HR in LHRC along meridians, improving the flow of interstitial fluid and removing algogenic substances and thereby relieving pain.

scholarly journals Classic and Modern Meridian Studies: A Review of Low Hydraulic Resistance Channels along Meridians and Their Relevance for Therapeutic Effects in Traditional Chinese Medicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Bo Zhang ◽  
Guang-Jun Wang ◽  
Kjell Fuxe
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Volume Transmission ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Low Hydraulic Resistance

Meridian theory is one of the core components of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It gives an integral explanation for how human life works, how a disease forms, and how a therapy acts to treat a disease. If we do not understand the meridians, it is hard to understand the TCM. People in China and abroad had been working hard for 50 years, trying to understand the meridians; then 15 years ago a breakthrough idea appeared when we realized that they are low resistance fluid channels where various chemical and physical transports take place. The channel is called low hydraulic resistance channel (LHRC) and the chemical transport is named volume transmission (VT). This review aims to give a full understanding of the essence of meridian and its works on the therapies of TCM.

scholarly journals Comparison of Acupuncture Effect on Blood Perfusion between Needling Nonacupoint on Meridian and Needling Nonacupoint off Meridian

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Bo Zhang ◽  
Ling-Ling Wang ◽  
Heng-Hui Xie ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Yu-Ying Tian
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Bladder Meridian ◽  
Ratio Change ◽  
Acupuncture Effect ◽  
Low Hydraulic Resistance

To verify the ancient theory of rather missing the acupoint than missing the meridian, acupuncture at nonacupoint on meridian and acupuncture at nonacupoint off meridian were performed, respectively. The blood perfusion (BP) on the calf around bladder meridian area was measured with a laser Doppler perfusion imager before, during, and after acupuncture. The whole scanning field was divided into seven subareas, and mean BP on each area was calculated. The ratio of mean BP between a subarea and a reference subarea was gotten, and then the change rate was calculated as ratio change rate (RCR). The results showed that RCR on bladder meridian area and around Chengshan (BL57) during or after acupuncture at nonacupoint on meridian was significantly higher than that at nonacupoint off meridian, which supports the ancient theory. Such differences may be attributable to some factors that can facilitate the signals transmission and produce a better acupuncture effect, such as richer nerve terminals, blood vessels, and mast cells which can produce stronger signals on the acupoints and the low hydraulic resistance channel along meridians which plays a role of signal transmitting channel to get a better effect of acupuncture.

scholarly journals Pathological Changes in Internal Organs after Blocking Low Hydraulic Resistance Channels along the Stomach Meridian in Pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Ting Zhou ◽  
Shu-Yong Jia ◽  
Yu-Qing Zhang ◽  
Yu-Ying Tian ◽  
Guang-Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
The State ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Stomach Meridian ◽  
Normal States ◽  
Low Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Experimental Pigs

Objective.The correlation between meridians and organs (Zang-fu) is an important aspect of meridian theory. The objective of this paper is to investigate the pathological changes in the organs resulting from blocking low hydraulic resistance channel (LHRC) along the stomach meridian by injecting gel in pigs so as to offer some insight into the correlation between meridians and internal organs.Methods.Four white piglets and twelve black minipigs were divided into four batches and were observed in different periods. Each batch included two pairs of pigs and each pair matched two pigs with similar conditions among which gel was injected into 6~8 low hydraulic resistance points along the the stomach meridian in the experimental pig and the same amount of saline was injected into the same points in the control pig. The state of stomach and intestine was observed 6~10 weeks after the blocking model was developed.Results.The results showed that there were bloated stomach or/and intestine in all the experimental pigs while there were normal states in seven control pigs except one dead during the experiment.Conclusion.The findings confirmed that the blockage of LHRC along the stomach meridian can influence the state of stomach and intestine, leading to a distension on stomach or/and intestine.

scholarly journals A Discovery of Low Hydraulic Resistance Channel Along Meridians

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Bo Zhang ◽  
Yu-Ying Tian ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Jia-He Tian ◽  
Ming-Fu Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Low Hydraulic Resistance

scholarly journals Observing Behavioral Effects in Mini-Pigs after Blocking the Low Hydraulic Resistance Channels along the Stomach Meridian

2017 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Bo Zhang ◽  
Wen Ting Zhou ◽  
Guang Jun Wang ◽  
Shu Yong Jia ◽  
Yu Ying Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Stomach Meridian ◽  
Low Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Mini Pigs

Understanding Qi Running in the Meridians as Interstitial Fluid Flowing via Interstitial Space of Low Hydraulic Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-bo Zhang ◽  
De-xian Jia ◽  
Hong-yan Li ◽  
Yu-long Wei ◽  
Huang Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Interstitial Space ◽  
Low Hydraulic Resistance

Synovial Fluid Exchange - A Case of Flow Through Fibrous Mats

Physiology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
JR Levick
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Fluid Exchange ◽  
Joint Cavity ◽  
Synovial Joints ◽  
Mesh Work ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Low Hydraulic Resistance

Synovial joints contain a film of lubricating fluid that is maintained by exchange between plasma and joint cavity. Fluid exchange is governed partly by capillary endothelium, but, due to the low hydraulic resistance of the fenestrations, interstitial resistance is important too. Each component contains a mesh work of fibrous elements, which makes "porosity" a more realistic model than traditional pores.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF CHANNELS OF SUPER CONDUCTIVITY OF THE INTERWELL SPACE

2016 ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
S. I. Grachev ◽  
A. V. Strekalov ◽  
A. T. Khusainov
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
High Conductivity ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Low Hydraulic Resistance

Currently, the most powerful and energy-intensive method of influence on the productive strata is water flooding. Due to certain economic factors, dictated by saving of capital costs on drilling of injection wells, a number of injection wells is much smaller than the development wells number. It is natural, that for full-value compensation of volumes of produced liquid from the development wells, taking into account losses, it is necessary to pump large volumes of water which can reach 1000-2500 m3 per day into a less number of injectors. Such conditions of water flooding lead to a need to create high pressure at the bottomhole and repression in the injection wells, which contributes the unfocused hydraulic fracturing. The results of the scientific research performed by S. I Grachev and A. S. Trofimov in a number of known fields using the method of tracer studying have shown that in all fields, where such studies were conducted, there observed the so-called channels with ultra-low hydraulic resistance, or with ultra-high conductivity/ permeability.

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