Large-scale phylogeography of the disjunct Neotropical tree species Schizolobium parahyba (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae)

Tropical dry forests (TDF) are highly threatened ecosystems that are often fragmented due to land-cover change. Using plot inventories, we analyzed tree species diversity, community composition and aboveground biomass patterns across mature (MF) and secondary forests of about 25 years since cattle ranching ceased (SF), 10–20-year-old plantations (PL), and pastures in a TDF landscape in Ecuador. Tree diversity was highest in MF followed by SF, pastures and PL, but many endemic and endangered species occurred in both MF and SF, which demonstrates the importance of SF for species conservation. Stem density was higher in PL, followed by SF, MF and pastures. Community composition differed between MF and SF due to the presence of different specialist species. Some SF specialists also occurred in pastures, and all species found in pastures were also recorded in SF indicating a resemblance between these two land-cover types even after 25 years of succession. Aboveground biomass was highest in MF, but SF and Tectona grandis PL exhibited similar numbers followed by Schizolobium parahyba PL, Ochroma pyramidale PL and pastures. These findings indicate that although species-poor, some PL equal or surpass SF in aboveground biomass, which highlights the critical importance of incorporating biodiversity, among other ecosystem services, to carbon sequestration initiatives. This research contributes to understanding biodiversity conservation across a mosaic of land-cover types in a TDF landscape.

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Nitrogen use plasticity in response to light intensity in neotropical tree species of distinct functional groups

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1111/ppl.13470 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tatiane Viegas Debiasi ◽

Anderson Kikuchi Calzavara ◽

Ladaslav Sodek ◽

Halley Caixeta Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Tree Species ◽

Nitrogen Use ◽

Neotropical Tree

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Stand Stability of Pure and Mixed-Eucalyptus Forests of Different Tree Species in a Typhoon-Prone Area

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12040458 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 458

Author(s):

Haiyan Deng ◽

Linlin Shen ◽

Jiaqi Yang ◽

Xiaoyong Mo

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Forest Restoration ◽

Large Scale ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Stem Form ◽

Tree Species Composition ◽

Eucalyptus Plantation ◽

Mixed Plantation ◽

Preservation Rate

Background and Objectives: The stable stand structure of mixed plantations is the basis of giving full play to forest ecological function and benefit. However, the monocultural Eucalyptus plantations with large-scale and successive planting that caused ecological problems such as reduced species diversity and loss of soil nutrients have presented to be unstable and vulnerable, especially in typhoon-prone areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nonspatial structure difference and the stand stability of pure and mixed-Eucalyptus forests, to find out the best mixed pattern of Eucalyptus forests with the most stability in typhoon-prone areas. Materials and Methods: In this study, we randomly investigated eight plots of 30 m × 30 m in pure and mixed-Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake × E. grandis W. Hill) plantations of different tree species (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser, Acacia mangium Willd., and Pinus elliottii var. Elliottii Engelm. × P. caribaea Morelet) on growth status, characterized and compared the distribution of nonspatial structure of the monoculture and mixtures, and evaluated the stand quality and stability from eight indexes of the nonspatial structure, including preservation rate, stand density, height, diameter, stem form, degree of stem inclination, tree-species composition, and age structure. Results: Eucalyptus surviving in the mixed plantation of Eucalyptus and A. mangium (EA) and in the mixed plantation of Eucalyptus and P. elliottii × P. caribaea (EP) were 5.0% and 7.6% greater than those in pure Eucalyptus plantation (EE), respectively, while only the stand preservation rate of EA was greater (+2.9%) than that of the pure Eucalyptus plantation. The proportions of all mixtures in the height class greater than 7 m were fewer than that of EE. The proportions of EA and mixed plantation of Eucalyptus and N. cadamba (EN) in the diameter class greater than 7 m were 10.6% and 7.8%, respectively, more than that of EE. EN had the highest ratio of branching visibly (41.0%), EA had the highest ratio of inclined stems (8.1%), and EP had the most straight and complete stem form (68.7%). The stand stability of the mixed plantation of Eucalyptus and A. mangium presented to be optimal, as its subordinate function value (0.76) and state value (ω = 0.61) of real stand were the largest. Conclusions: A. mangium is a superior tree species to mix with Eucalyptus for a more stable stand structure in the early growth stage to approach an evident and immense stability and resistance, which is of great significance for the forest restoration of Eucalyptus in response to extreme climate and forest management.

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Co-occurrences of tropical trees in eastern South America: disentangling abiotic and biotic forces

Plant Ecology ◽

10.1007/s11258-021-01143-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emma-Liina Marjakangas ◽

Otso Ovaskainen ◽

Nerea Abrego ◽

Vidar Grøtan ◽

Alexandre A. de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Tree Species ◽

Large Scale ◽

Environmental Filtering ◽

Limiting Similarity ◽

Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽

Biogeographical Regions ◽

Dependent Processes ◽

Occurrence Of Species

AbstractSpecies co-occurrences in local communities can arise independent or dependent on species’ niches. However, the role of niche-dependent processes has not been thoroughly deciphered when generalized to biogeographical scales, probably due to combined shortcomings of data and methodology. Here, we explored the influence of environmental filtering and limiting similarity, as well as biogeographical processes that relate to the assembly of species’ communities and co-occurrences. We modelled jointly the occurrences and co-occurrences of 1016 tropical tree species with abundance data from inventories of 574 localities in eastern South America. We estimated species co-occurrences as raw and residual associations with models that excluded and included the environmental effects on the species’ co-occurrences, respectively. Raw associations indicate co-occurrence of species, whereas residual associations indicate co-occurrence of species after accounting for shared responses to environment. Generally, the influence of environmental filtering exceeded that of limiting similarity in shaping species’ co-occurrences. The number of raw associations was generally higher than that of the residual associations due to the shared responses of tree species to the environmental covariates. Contrary to what was expected from assuming limiting similarity, phylogenetic relatedness or functional similarity did not limit tree co-occurrences. The proportions of positive and negative residual associations varied greatly across the study area, and we found a significant tendency of some biogeographical regions having higher proportions of negative associations between them, suggesting that large-scale biogeographical processes limit the establishment of trees and consequently their co-occurrences.

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Ecological processes maintaining differential tree species distributions in an Australian subtropical rain forest: implications for models of species coexistence

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467400001474 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 387-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Igor Debski ◽

David F. R. P. Burslem ◽

David Lamb

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Tree Species ◽

Rain Forest ◽

Large Scale ◽

Species Coexistence ◽

Common Species ◽

Size Class ◽

Differential Mortality ◽

Mixed Composition ◽

Large Scale Disturbance

All stems ≥ 1 cm dbh were measured, tagged, mapped and identified on a 1-ha plot of rain forest at Gambubal State Forest, south-east Queensland, Australia. The spatial patterns and size class distributions of 11 common tree species on the plot were assessed to search for mechanisms determining their distribution and abundance. The forest was species-poor in comparison to many lowland tropical forests and the common species are therefore present at relatively high densities. Despite this, only limited evidence was found for the operation of density-dependent processes at Gambubal. Daphnandra micrantha saplings were clumped towards randomly spaced adults, indicating a shift of distribution over time caused by differential mortality of saplings in these adult associated clumps. Ordination of the species composition in 25-m × 25-m subplots revealed vegetation gradients at that scale, which corresponded to slope across the plot. Adult basal area was dominated by a few large individuals of Sloanea woollsii but the comparative size class distributions and replacement probabilities of the 11 common species suggest that the forest will undergo a transition to a more mixed composition if current conditions persist. The current cohort of large S. woollsii individuals probably established after a large-scale disturbance event and the forest has not attained an equilibrium species composition.

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Development of forest soils in the Krkonoše Mts. in the period 1980–2009

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/79/2010-jfs ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 485-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K. Matějka ◽

S. Vacek ◽

V. Podrázský

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Tree Species ◽

Large Scale ◽

Vegetation Change ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Mountain Range ◽

Site Conditions ◽

Tree Species Composition ◽

Spruce Stands

This paper documents the development of soil conditions in the set of 32 permanent research plots in the Krkono&scaron;e (Giant) Mts. These plots represent an altitudinal gradient covering the ecosystems of beech, mixed beech-spruce and spruce stands. In all plots, representing the site conditions of the highest areas of the mountain range, standard soil pits were prepared and the soil sampling was performed in autumn of years 1980, 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2009. The results reflect extreme site conditions, soil acidification, large scale surface liming and in minor extent also different tree species composition of the stands. The general type of the soil-genesis is represented by the podzolisation, overlapping the other soil-genetic factors, including the tree species composition. Nevertheless, this development is mostly expressed in the spruce stands. The beech dominance and/or co-dominance are reflected especially by more efficient N-cycling, higher pH, S and V values and fluctuation and lower extractable Al3+ content. More efficient cycling in beech ecosystems is insignificantly documented for plant available phosphorus, calcium and magnesium contents; on the contrary higher dynamics for iron ions was registered in the spruce stands. The long-term soil dynamics with a hysteresis (evident on the base of ordination analysis) can be divided into some periods – processes of acidification (typical in the 1980's samples), liming (main effect in 1993 and 1998) and regeneration (2003, 2009). Other features, important for the soil development, are probably related to the vegetation change, but this relation is not statistically significant.

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Recent phylogeographic structure in a widespread ‘weedy’ Neotropical tree species,Cordia alliodora(Boraginaceae)

Journal of Biogeography ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02727.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 693-706 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Paul D. Rymer ◽

Christopher W. Dick ◽

Giovanni G. Vendramin ◽

Anna Buonamici ◽

David Boshier

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Phylogeographic Structure ◽

Cordia Alliodora ◽

Neotropical Tree

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Isolation of primers for candidate genes for mechano-sensing in five Neotropical tree species

Tree Genetics & Genomes ◽

10.1007/s11295-010-0363-1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 655-661 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Malia Chevolot ◽

Eliane Louisanna ◽

Wassim Azri ◽

Nathalie Leblanc-Fournier ◽

Patricia Roeckel-Drevet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candidate Genes ◽

Tree Species ◽

Neotropical Tree

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Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.1500936 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (10) ◽

pp. e1500936 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Hans ter Steege ◽

Nigel C. A. Pitman ◽

Timothy J. Killeen ◽

William F. Laurance ◽

Carlos A. Peres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Tree Species ◽

Large Scale ◽

Gap Analysis ◽

Extinction Risk ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Distribution Models ◽

Threatened Plant Species ◽

The Tropics

Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict that most of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century.

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