History of child maltreatment and excessive dietary and screen time behaviors in young adults: Results from a nationally representative study

In this study, we investigated associations between the characteristics of the neighborhoods in which young adults live and their feelings of loneliness, using data from different sources. Participants were drawn from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study. Loneliness was measured via self-reports at ages 12 and 18 years and also by interviewer ratings at age 18. Neighborhood characteristics were assessed between the ages of 12 and 18 via government data, systematic social observations, a resident survey, and participants’ self-reports. Greater loneliness was associated with perceptions of lower collective efficacy and greater neighborhood disorder but not with more objective measures of neighborhood characteristics. Lonelier individuals perceived the collective efficacy of their neighborhoods to be lower than did their less lonely siblings who lived at the same address. These findings suggest that feelings of loneliness are associated with negatively biased perceptions of neighborhood characteristics, which may have implications for lonely individuals’ likelihood of escaping loneliness.

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Social Media Use Before Bed and Sleep Disturbance Among Young Adults in the United States: A Nationally Representative Study

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsx113 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jessica C Levenson ◽

Ariel Shensa ◽

Jaime E Sidani ◽

Jason B Colditz ◽

Brian A Primack

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Social Media ◽

Young Adults ◽

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Media Use ◽

The United States ◽

Social Media Use ◽

Representative Study ◽

Nationally Representative

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Abstract P559: National Burden & Cardiovascular Risk Factor Profile of Stroke Among Young Adults in The United States

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Javier Valero Elizondo ◽

Rohan Khera ◽

Farhaan S Vahidy ◽

Prachi Dubey ◽

Haider Warraich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Young Adults ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Population Level ◽

The United States ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Representative Study ◽

Insufficient Physical Activity ◽

History Of

Introduction: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. While most prevalent in elderly, it’s not uncommon in the non-elderly (<65), who also experience many more years of living with disability. In this study, we aimed to describe the scope and CVD determinants of stroke among young (18-44 years) adults in a US representative population. Methods: We analyzed the National Health Interview Survey (2012-2018), a nationally representative study sample. Stroke, as well as CVD risk factors (CRF) [diabetes, hypertension, ever-smoker, insufficient physical activity, obesity and high cholesterol] were self-reported. A CRF profile was then created, with the following categories: “Optimal”, “Average” and “Poor” (0-1, 2-3 & ≥ 4 CRFs, respectively). All analyses took into consideration the survey’s complex design. Results: The 2012-2018 survey population consisted of 224,638 adults ≥ 18 yrs, ≈ 242 million US adults annually. Overall 2.8% (≈ 7 million) reported ever having history of stroke, with 45% noted in the non-elderly (< 65). Among non-elderly, 21% of stroke-history was allocated among the young (18-44 years) adults, translating to nearly 642,810 individuals reporting ever having history of stroke per year. The most common risk factors noted in these patients were insufficient physical activity (56%), current/past smoking (48%), obesity (45%), and hypertension (44%). Overall among the young (<45 years), stroke prevalence was 10-fold higher among those with poor (≈ 3.9 million young adults) vs optimal CRF profile (3.5% vs 0.3%, p < 0.001). Adjusting for demographics, all CVD risk were significantly associated with history of stroke, with participants with poor CRF reporting a 7-fold higher history of stroke (Table). Conclusion: More than half a million adults 18-44 years of age reported a history stroke in US. Individuals with sub-optimal CRF profiles are highly susceptible, and population-level strategies emphasizing cardiovascular health may significantly reduce risk of stroke among young adults in US.

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Associations between child maltreatment, cigarette smoking, and nicotine dependence in young adults with a history of regular smoking

Annals of Epidemiology ◽

10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.10.003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 13-20.e4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alison L. Cammack ◽

Regine Haardörfer ◽

Shakira F. Suglia

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Child Maltreatment ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Nicotine Dependence ◽

History Of

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Self-Report Hearing and Injury or Falls in Older Adults from the National Health and Information Survey

Seminars in Hearing ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1726016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (01) ◽

pp. 066-074

Author(s):

Danielle S. Powell ◽

Emmanuel E. Garcia Morales ◽

Sasha Pletnikova ◽

Jennifer A. Deal ◽

Nicholas S. Reed

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

National Health ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Self Report ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Representative Study ◽

Hearing Aid Use ◽

Prevention Studies ◽

History Of ◽

Nationally Representative

AbstractThis article aims to investigate the association between hearing and nonfatal injury or falls in a nationally representative sample of adults from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) utilizing over 20 years of participant surveys. We conducted a pooled cross-sectional analysis of participant surveys (aged 50 years and older) from 1997 to 2017. Self-report hearing difficulty, history of injury over the last 3 months, reported injury from fall over the last 3 months, and reported reason for fall (including due to balance/dizziness) were collected. Using logistic regression, we investigated the odds of injury, injury from fall, and fall due to balance/dizziness by self-report hearing status. In secondary analysis, we investigated the odds of each outcome by reported hearing aid use. Models were adjusted for demographics, year of study, vision difficulty, diabetes, employment, and cardiovascular disease. Reported moderate or greater difficulty hearing demonstrated a significantly greater odds of injury (odds ratio [OR]: 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18, 1.42) or fall due to balance/dizziness (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.60) compared with reported excellent/good hearing. A dose–response association was seen across levels of reported difficulty hearing for all outcomes. In this nationally representative study of adults aged 50 years and older, greater reported difficulty hearing was significantly associated with increased odds of injury and suggests greater odds of falls or fall due to balance/dizziness compared with reported good hearing. Results suggest hearing loss should be considered as a possible risk factor for both injury and fall prevention studies and programming in older adults.

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The Decision to Substantiate Allegations of Child Maltreatment

Decision-Making and Judgment in Child Welfare and Protection ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190059538.003.0008 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 173-193

Author(s):

Sarah A. Font ◽

Kathryn Maguire-Jack ◽

Rebecca Dillard

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Child Maltreatment ◽

Child Protective Services ◽

Objective Assessment ◽

The United States ◽

Family Characteristics ◽

Protective Services ◽

Vulnerable Children ◽

Representative Study ◽

Nationally Representative

In the United States, the Child Protective Services system is responsible for investigating and responding to allegations of child abuse and neglect. At the conclusion of an investigation, caseworkers are expected to decide whether allegations are “substantiated” (demonstrated to be true) or not. How that decision is made—and whether it reflects an objective assessment of the evidence available—is widely debated. This chapter first presents an overview of the decision-making process and the implications of decision-making for vulnerable children and families. Next, it describes how rates of substantiation vary across and within states. The authors then present data from a nationally representative study of child protective services investigations on the factors associated with the decision to substantiate child maltreatment. They find that agency characteristics are predictive of substantiation, net of child and family characteristics. Overall, the authors conclude that substantiation is unlikely to be a valid indicator of the incidence of child maltreatment, and they discuss possible strategies for improving the consistency and utility of the substantiation decision.

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