High level of co-occurrence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among Gambian adults: A national population-based health examination survey

Negative health behaviors incorporated into lifestyle are considered the main risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adults and the elderly. However, the relationship between the aggregation of these factors and the sociodemographic conditions of the elderly needs to be better elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze the simultaneity of the five risk factors for NCDs in the elderly with low economic status living in a rural city in Brazil, and their association with sociodemographic variables. Cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly people from Family Health Units of the city of Ibicui-Bahia, Brazil, where 310 elderly were enrolled. Rates of physical inactivity in leisure (PIL), alcohol consumption, sedentary behavior, overweight/obesity and tobacco consumption were collected through a questionnaire in an individual interview. The average age among participants was 71.62 (± 8.16) years. The group presenting the five behaviors had high scores in both sexes (men O/E = 242.5; women O/E = 161.7). Among men and women, the highest scores found through clustering of simultaneous NCD risk factors were for the consumption of alcohol with smoking, and physical inactivity with smoking. When analyzing the association between groups and sociodemographic characteristics, men were more physically inactive than women (OR = 0.96, CI = 0.92-0.98) and concomitantly had unhealthy habits (smoking). In conclusion, the elderly are exposed to health risk factors for concurrent CNCDs and the accumulation of these risk factors was not associated with sociodemographic variables, it is suggested that further studies be carried out with the prevalent variables as well as to analyze why the elderly population presents these levels.

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Revising the fasting glucose threshold for detection of cardiovascular risk factors: analysing two representative population-based studies of more than 50 000 Iranians in 3 years: The National Survey of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases of Iran

Annals of Human Biology ◽

10.3109/03014460.2014.932011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 151-159

Author(s):

Alireza Esteghamati ◽

Ali Zandieh ◽

Nima Hafezi-Nejad ◽

Sara Sheikhbahaei ◽

Mehrshad Abbasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

National Survey ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Population Based ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Glucose Threshold

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High prevalence of hypertension and of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs): a population based cross-sectional survey of NCDS and HIV infection in Northwestern Tanzania and Southern Uganda

BMC Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12916-015-0357-9 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Bazil Kavishe ◽

Samuel Biraro ◽

Kathy Baisley ◽

Fiona Vanobberghen ◽

Saidi Kapiga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Population Based ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Northwestern Tanzania ◽

High Prevalence

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Religious affiliation and disparities in risk of non-communicable diseases and health behaviours: Findings from the fourth Thai National Health Examination Survey

Global Public Health ◽

10.1080/17441692.2014.894549 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 426-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wit Wichaidit ◽

Rassamee Sangthong ◽

Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong ◽

Edward McNeil ◽

Suwat Chariyalertsak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Health ◽

Religious Affiliation ◽

Health Behaviours ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Health Examination ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Health Examination Survey

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Risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases and the CARMEN Initiative: a population-based study in the South of Brazil

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2008001200005 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 2767-2774 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Marcelo Fernandes Capilheira ◽

Iná S. Santos ◽

Mario Renato Azevedo Jr. ◽

Felipe Fossati Reichert

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Population Based ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Excess Weight ◽

The South ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

South Of Brazil ◽

Health Organization

The CARMEN Initiative is a strategy of the Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization that proposes population-based interventions to reduce risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) by approaching them simultaneously. The present study aims to provide a baseline for further interventions by the CARMEN Initiative based on a cross-sectional population-based study of 3,100 adults (>20 years old) in Pelotas, a city in the South of Brazil. Prevalence of smoking, physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and excess weight were studied and presented separately and aggregated in various combinations. The most frequent risk factor was physical inactivity (73.2%), followed by excess weight (48.1%). Women were less active and thinner than men. More than half of the sample showed two or three risk factors (53.4%). The combination of physical inactivity and excess weight was observed in 34.7% of the sample, while 10.8% presented physical inactivity, excess weight, and hypertension concurrently. The accumulation of risk factors for CNCD is frequent in the study population and the identification of the most common combinations is essential for planning future interventions.

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Risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Bangladesh: findings of the population-based cross-sectional national survey 2018

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041334 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e041334

Author(s):

Baizid Khoorshid Riaz ◽

Md Ziaul Islam ◽

A N M Shamsul Islam ◽

M M Zaman ◽

Md Akram Hossain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Adult Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Targeted Interventions

ObjectivesTo determine the national prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCD) in the adult population of Bangladesh.DesignThe study was a population-based national cross-sectional study.SettingThis study used 496 primary sampling units (PSUs) developed by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. The PSUs were equally allocated to each division and urban and rural stratum within each division.ParticipantsThe participants were adults aged 18 to 69 years, who were usual residents of the households for at least 6 months and stayed the night before the survey. Out of 9900 participants, 8185 (82.7%) completed STEP-1 and STEP-2, and 7208 took part in STEP-3.Primary and secondary outcomeThe prevalence of behavioural, physical and biochemical risk factors of NCD. Data were weighted to generate national estimates.ResultsTobacco use was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the rural (45.2%) than the urban (38.8%) population. Inadequate fruit/vegetable intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the urban (92.1%) than in the rural (88.9%) population. The mean salt intake per day was higher in the rural (9.0 g) than urban (8.9 g) population. Among all, 3.0% had no, 70.9% had 1 to 2 and 26.2% had ≥3 NCD risk factors. The urban population was more likely to have insufficient physical activity (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.2, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.2), obesity (AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.5 to 1.5), hypertension (AOR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.3 to 1.3), diabetes (AOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.6 to 1.6) and hyperglycaemia (AOR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.1).ConclusionsConsidering the high prevalence of the behavioural, physical and biochemical risk factors, diverse population and high-risk group targeted interventions are essential to combat the rising burden of NCDs.

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