High prevalence of hypertension and of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs): a population based cross-sectional survey of NCDS and HIV infection in Northwestern Tanzania and Southern Uganda

Abstract Objectives The study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adolescents in four Caribbean countries. Content In all 9,143 adolescents (15 years = median age) participated in the cross-sectional “2016 Dominican Republic, 2016 Suriname, 2017 Jamaica, and 2017 Trinidad and Tobago Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)”. Eight behavioural risk factors of NCDs were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Summary Prevalence of each behavioural NCD risk factor was physical inactivity (84.2%), inadequate fruit and vegetable intake (82.2%), leisure-time sedentary behaviour (49.6%), daily ≥2 soft drinks intake (46.8%), ever drunk (28.6%), twice or more days a week fast food consumption (27.6%), having overweight/obesity (27.4%), and current tobacco use (13.8%). Students had on average 3.6 (SD=1.4), and 79.0% had 3–8 behavioural NCD risk factors. In multivariable linear regression, psychological distress and older age increased the odds, and attending school and parental support decreased the odds of multiple behavioural NCD risk factors. Outlook A high prevalence and co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors of NCDs was discovered and several factors independently contributing to multiple behavioural NCD risk factors were identified.

Download Full-text

Cluster analysis of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in elderly Brazilians: population-based cross-sectional studies in a rural town

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i17.24202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (17) ◽

pp. e18101724202

Author(s):

Saulo Vasconcelos Rocha ◽

Sabrina Correia de Oliveira ◽

Hector Luiz Rodrigues Munaro ◽

Camila Fabiana Rossi Squarcini ◽

Bruna Maria Palotino Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Economic Status ◽

The Elderly ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Population Based ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Sociodemographic Variables

Negative health behaviors incorporated into lifestyle are considered the main risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adults and the elderly. However, the relationship between the aggregation of these factors and the sociodemographic conditions of the elderly needs to be better elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze the simultaneity of the five risk factors for NCDs in the elderly with low economic status living in a rural city in Brazil, and their association with sociodemographic variables. Cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly people from Family Health Units of the city of Ibicui-Bahia, Brazil, where 310 elderly were enrolled. Rates of physical inactivity in leisure (PIL), alcohol consumption, sedentary behavior, overweight/obesity and tobacco consumption were collected through a questionnaire in an individual interview. The average age among participants was 71.62 (± 8.16) years. The group presenting the five behaviors had high scores in both sexes (men O/E = 242.5; women O/E = 161.7). Among men and women, the highest scores found through clustering of simultaneous NCD risk factors were for the consumption of alcohol with smoking, and physical inactivity with smoking. When analyzing the association between groups and sociodemographic characteristics, men were more physically inactive than women (OR = 0.96, CI = 0.92-0.98) and concomitantly had unhealthy habits (smoking). In conclusion, the elderly are exposed to health risk factors for concurrent CNCDs and the accumulation of these risk factors was not associated with sociodemographic variables, it is suggested that further studies be carried out with the prevalent variables as well as to analyze why the elderly population presents these levels.

Download Full-text

Association between socioeconomic status and prevalence of non-communicable diseases risk factors and comorbidities in Bangladesh: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025538 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. e025538 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Tuhin Biswas ◽

Nick Townsend ◽

Md Saimul Islam ◽

Md Rajibul Islam ◽

Rajat Das Gupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Adult Population ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the prevalence and distribution in the comorbidity of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the adult population in Bangladesh by measures of socioeconomic status (SES).DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.SettingThis study used Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011 data.ParticipantsTotal 8763 individuals aged ≥35 years were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN) and overweight/obesity. The study further assesses factors (in particular SES) associated with these comorbidities (DM, HTN and overweight/obesity).ResultsOf 8763 adults,12% had DM, 27% HTN and 22% were overweight/obese (body mass index ≥23 kg/m2). Just over 1% of the sample had all three conditions, 3% had both DM and HTN, 3% DM and overweight/obesity and 7% HTN and overweight/obesity. DM, HTN and overweight/obesity were more prevalent those who had higher education, were non-manual workers, were in the richer to richest SES and lived in urban settings. Individuals in higher SES groups were also more likely to suffer from comorbidities. In the multivariable analysis, it was found that individual belonging to the richest wealth quintile had the highest odds of having HTN (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.49, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.72), DM (AOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.14) and overweight/obesity (AOR 4.3, 95% CI 3.32 to 5.57).ConclusionsIn contrast to more affluent countries, individuals with NCDs risk factors and comorbidities are more common in higher SES individuals. Public health approaches must consider this social patterning in tackling NCDs in the country.

Download Full-text

Knowledge, attitudes and practices on risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs): a cross-sectional survey among urban and rural adults in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

International Journal of Health Promotion and Education ◽

10.1080/14635240.2020.1749526 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Muslimah Ithnin ◽

Nadeeya ‘Ayn Umaisara Mohamad nor ◽

Norsham Juliana ◽

Nadia Mohd Effendy ◽

Mohd Azmani Sahar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Knowledge Attitudes And Practices ◽

Rural Adults

Download Full-text

Prison primary care and non-communicable diseases: a data-linkage survey of prevalence and associated risk factors

BJGP Open ◽

10.3399/bjgpopen19x101643 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. bjgpopen19X101643 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nat MJ Wright ◽

Philippa Hearty ◽

Victoria Allgar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Physical Health ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Prison Population ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Self Report ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Clinical Records

BackgroundThe size and mean age of the prison population has increased rapidly in recent years. Prisoners are a vulnerable group who, compared with the general population, experience poorer health outcomes. However, there is a dearth of research quantifying the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among prisoner populations.AimTo explore both the prevalence of NCDs and their risk factors.Design & settingA cross-sectional survey was undertaken that was compared with clinical records in two male prisons in the north of England.MethodSelf-report surveys were completed by 199 prisoners to assess sociodemographic characteristics, general health, NCD prevalence, and risk factor prevalence. Data were checked against that retrieved from prison clinical records.ResultsIt was found that 46% reported at least one NCD and 26% reported at least one physical health NCD. The most common self-reported NCD was 'anxiety and depression' (34%), followed by 'respiratory disease' (17%), and 'hypertension' (10%). Having a physical health NCD was independently associated with increasing age or drug dependence.The level of agreement between clinical records and self-report ranged from 'fair' for alcohol dependence (kappa 0.38; P<0.001) to 'very good' for diabetes (kappa 0.86; P<0.001).ConclusionCompared with mainstream populations and despite high prevalence of risk factors for NCDs physical illness NCDs, with the exception of respiratory disease, are less common. However, poor mental health is more common. These differences are possibly owing to the younger average age of prison populations, since prevalence of risk factors was reported as high.Secondary data analysis of clinical records is a more methodologically robust way of monitoring trends in prisoner population disease prevalence.

Download Full-text

Mortality and Risk Factors in Patients With COVID-19 in Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Analytic Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-261732/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Edy Rolando Quizhpe Ordoñez ◽

Eduardo Montalvo ◽

Maritza Paez ◽

Tatiana Guevara ◽

Danny Flores ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Latin America ◽

High Mortality ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Analytic Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

High Prevalence

Abstract Background: In Ecuador, a high mortality was observed during the maximum peak of COVID-19 cases in spring/summer 2020. Thus, 10000 thousand more deaths were registered in 2020 compared to 2019 in the same period time. A few researchers in Latin America have identified clinical conditions that could be associated with severity and mortality of this disease. The aim of this study was to describe main clinical characteristics and risk factors in patients with COVID-19 in the Ecuadorian context. Methods: A cross sectional analytic study was conducted from March to July 2020. Adult patients with COVID-19 confirmed by PCR test and admitted in emergency service was included in this study. Descriptive statistical measures were computed, and Chi-squared and logistic regression were performed to analyze associations between categorical variables. Results: The main results of 157 patients, showed that had a high prevalence of comorbidities (45%), and the case-fatality rate in this group was around 37%. Hypertension (17.83%) and diabetes (14.65%) were the most prevalent chronic diseases with a significant difference between sex groups (p value 0.00). Risk factor such as age more than 65 years, presence of comorbidities such as non-communicable diseases, and abnormalities in blood markers like urea, AST, lactate, leucocytes, PO2 and D-dimer increased risk to die in this population. Conclusions: The elevated prevalence of non-communicable diseases (hypertension and diabetes) contributed to a high mortality in adult patients with COVID-19. Huge challenges must face health care systems in the Latin America countries due to the high prevalence of these diseases.

Download Full-text

A study on prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among allopathic doctors of Vijayawada city, Andhra Pradesh

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193480 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 3508

Author(s):

Kiran Prakash K. ◽

Venkata Suresh Anga

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Life Styles ◽

Premature Deaths ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) are the leading cause of death in the world. Accounting for around 60% of all deaths and 44% of premature deaths worldwide. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among allopathic doctors in Vijayawada.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on allopathic practicing doctors who were working in the various Hospitals, clinics, Nursing Homes within the corporation limits of Vijayawada city.Results: Out of the 720 study subjects, 498 doctors (69.2%) were males and 222 doctors (30.8%) were females. majority of the doctors 515 (71.5%) were with educational qualification of master degrees (MS/MD/MDS). Doctors in clinical specialty are more 565 (78.5%) compared with non-clinical 133 (18.4%) and dental 22 (3.1%). With regarding working sector, nearly one third of doctors were working in private sector 532 (73.9%).Conclusions: Because of more exposure to unhealthy life styles like smoking, alcohol, unhealthy dietary habits like high intake of salt, inadequate use of fruits and vegetables, oil fries and by leading a sedentary life and high risk factors like overweight/obesity, hypertension and diabetes a large number of the doctor’s population were at increased risk for chronic non-communicable diseases.

Download Full-text

An Investigation of Hypertension Risk Factors among Adults in Oshikoto Region in Namibia

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v13n7p115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Emilia Shiwa Ashipala ◽

Linda Ndeshipandula Lukolo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertension Risk ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Harmful Use

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension complications are responsible for 9.4 million deaths worldwide and among these deaths, 51 % are due to stroke and 45% are due to heart disease like heart failure. This study aims to investigate the hypertension risk factors among adult in Oshikoto region, Namibia. METHODS: A community population-based, cross- sectional survey was conducted using WHO STEPwise approach among 375 adults in Oshikoto region. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to determine the association between risk factors and Hypertension, based on p-value <0.05. RESULTS: Overall prevalence for risk factors was: physical inactivity (25.3%), unhealthy diet (75.7%), tobacco use (9.1%), harmful use of alcohol (40.8%). 20.5% overweight with majority (85.7%) of them were females. Obesity was 9.1% in which 91.2% were females. Hypertension prevalence was 24.3%. Four percent of individuals were having two multiple risk factors for hypertension, 2.4% with four risk factors and 1.1% with more than four risk factors. Age group (OR=2.48, 95%CI=1.44-4.26, P=0.001), Obesity (OR=3.48, 95%CI=1.55-7.79, P=0.003), and overweight (OR=2.34, 95%CI=1.31-4.19, P =0.004) were significant risk factors for hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a high prevalence and burden of hypertension risk factors such as obesity and overweight among adults in Oshikoto region, thus, these results highlight the need for interventions to reduce and prevent those risk factors of hypertension in Oshikoto region, Namibia.

Download Full-text

A study on non-communicable diseases, it’s prevalence on anthropometric and behavioural risk factors on tribal population of Raigad district: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214590 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 5929

Author(s):

Jyoti Ajit Parle ◽

Manali N. Yadav ◽

Kishor Raut

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Age Groups ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Tribal Population ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Behavioural Risk Factors

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasing at an alarming rate due to lifestyle modifications and increased level of stress but the prevalence of it in tribal population is still lacking. Thus, the study aimed at identifying the risk factors for non-communicable diseases among healthy adults aged 16-80 years in the tribal population of Raigad district.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done with 920 individuals aged 16-80 years of tribal population. Each subject was interviewed using the WHO stepwise questionnaire; where information on diet, physical activity, tobacco and alcohol, and treatment history for hypertension and diabetes were collected along with blood pressure (BP) measurement. Height, weight and waist circumference were also measured.Results: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 24. Moderate prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco was observed in the tribal areas targeted with the number of smokers being more than the users of smokeless tobacco. Consumption of alcohol was seen in half of the population in the age group of 16-50 years. Low consumption of fruits and vegetables was seen across all the age groups. Most of the target population falls under the normal BMI category while a fewer population falls under the overweight category.Conclusions: High prevalence of behavioural risk factors were found with awareness about NCD’s was found to be alarmingly low among the tribal population. Prevention of NCD’s through detection of risk factor can control the spread of non-communicable diseases, and will help in identifying earlier with its detection and treatment same as communicable diseases.

Download Full-text

Risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Bangladesh: findings of the population-based cross-sectional national survey 2018

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041334 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e041334

Author(s):

Baizid Khoorshid Riaz ◽

Md Ziaul Islam ◽

A N M Shamsul Islam ◽

M M Zaman ◽

Md Akram Hossain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Adult Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Targeted Interventions

ObjectivesTo determine the national prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCD) in the adult population of Bangladesh.DesignThe study was a population-based national cross-sectional study.SettingThis study used 496 primary sampling units (PSUs) developed by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. The PSUs were equally allocated to each division and urban and rural stratum within each division.ParticipantsThe participants were adults aged 18 to 69 years, who were usual residents of the households for at least 6 months and stayed the night before the survey. Out of 9900 participants, 8185 (82.7%) completed STEP-1 and STEP-2, and 7208 took part in STEP-3.Primary and secondary outcomeThe prevalence of behavioural, physical and biochemical risk factors of NCD. Data were weighted to generate national estimates.ResultsTobacco use was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the rural (45.2%) than the urban (38.8%) population. Inadequate fruit/vegetable intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the urban (92.1%) than in the rural (88.9%) population. The mean salt intake per day was higher in the rural (9.0 g) than urban (8.9 g) population. Among all, 3.0% had no, 70.9% had 1 to 2 and 26.2% had ≥3 NCD risk factors. The urban population was more likely to have insufficient physical activity (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.2, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.2), obesity (AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.5 to 1.5), hypertension (AOR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.3 to 1.3), diabetes (AOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.6 to 1.6) and hyperglycaemia (AOR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.1).ConclusionsConsidering the high prevalence of the behavioural, physical and biochemical risk factors, diverse population and high-risk group targeted interventions are essential to combat the rising burden of NCDs.

Download Full-text