Cumulative vulnerabilities as a potential moderator of response to reduced nicotine content cigarettes

Background: The use of high-nicotine content e-cigarettes (so-called pods, such as Juul) among adolescents raises concerns about early onset of nicotine addiction. Methods: In this analysis of adolescents surveyed from April 2017–April 2018, we compare survey responses and urinary cotinine of pod vs. non-pod using past-week e-cigarette users aged 12–21. Results: More pod users categorized themselves as daily users compared to non-pod users (63.0% vs. 11.0%; p = 0.001); more pod than non-pod users had used e-cigarettes within the past day (76.2% vs. 29.6%; p = 0.001). More pod users responded affirmatively to nicotine dependence questions (21.4% vs. 7.1%; p = 0.04). Urinary cotinine levels were compared among those responding positively and negatively to dependence questions: those with positive responses had significantly higher urinary cotinine levels than those responding negatively. Conclusions: Adolescents who used pod products showed more signs of nicotine dependence than non-pod users. Pediatricians should be vigilant in identifying dependence symptoms in their patients who use e-cigarettes, particularly in those using pod devices.

Download Full-text

The Role of the School Nurse in Creating a Vape-Free School

NASN School Nurse ◽

10.1177/1942602x20913261 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 166-172

Author(s):

Lisa Frey Blume ◽

Shannon Lines

Keyword(s):

Population Health ◽

Student Support ◽

School Nurse ◽

School Nurses ◽

Marketing Strategies ◽

Health Issue ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Nicotine Content

Electronic, or “e”-cigarette use has been adopted by an alarming number of teens in recent years. E-cigarettes are neither legal for youth nor considered safe for use by youth. E-cigarette companies have targeted youth in their marketing strategies and developed appealing flavors with high nicotine content to ensure dependence on their products. Schools lack adequate resources and capacity to address e-cigarette use, relying mostly on punitive sanctions for what is essentially a health issue. School nurses can help their districts and schools by navigating appropriate consequences for vaping, providing accurate information and education, providing cessation resources, advocating for student support, and informing stakeholders on population health strategies to prevent initiation and reduce youth e-cigarette use.

Download Full-text

Factors Which Influence the Nicotine Content of Tobacco Grown for Use as an Insecticide 1

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1924.00021962001600070012x ◽

1924 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 459-466

Author(s):

R. W. Thatcher ◽

L. R. Streeter ◽

R. C. Collison

Keyword(s):

Nicotine Content

Download Full-text

Discrepancies in reported versus measured nicotine content of e-cigarette refill liquids across nine European countries before and after the implementation of the EU Tobacco Products Directive

European Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1183/13993003.00941-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 1900941 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Charis Girvalaki ◽

Manolis Tzatzarakis ◽

Alexander Vardavas ◽

Christina N. Kyriakos ◽

Katerina Nikitara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

European Countries ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Nicotine Content ◽

Before And After ◽

The Eu

Download Full-text

Analyses and evaluation of the main chemical components in different tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) genotypes

Grasas y Aceites ◽

10.3989/gya.0801192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. e389

Author(s):

M. Camlica ◽

G. Yaldiz

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Nicotine Content ◽

Tobacco Seeds

The nicotine, reducing sugar and ion contents from the threshing of tobacco can re-used from the industry. The crude oil and fatty oil compositions of tobacco seeds can be considered as an alternative source of raw material for biodiesel. In this study, the nicotine, reducing sugar content, crude oil, fatty acid composition and ion content were determined in 29 genotypes and 1 cultivar of tobacco. The genetic diversity was determined among the tobacco cultivar and genotypes base on examined properties. The nicotine content varied between 0.10-0.87%, reducing sugar ranged from 9.70-21.30%, crude oil varied between 24.33-47.00% and fatty acid compositions was found in the range of 77.94-100%. Linoleic (13.92-75.04%) and butyric (0.33-64.98%) acids were the major components. Overall, the BSR-5 (52.56 mg/g) and ESR-5 (44.58 mg/g) genotypes exhibited the highest potassium contents and ESR-7 (6.54 mg/g) and ESR-8 (1.28 mg/g) genotypes had the lowest chlorine contents. As a result of this study, the highest nicotine content, reducing sugar and crude oil of tobacco were found in ESR-4, ESR-11 and BSR-5 genotypes, respectively. The dendrogram analysis divided the tobacco into two main groups and most of the same origin genotypes fell into the same group. The results indicated that the different tobacco leaves and seeds can be evaluated as an alternative source in the industry as cigarettes, biodiesel and different industrial applications such as cosmetic, oil paints and varnishes based on their chemical properties.

Download Full-text

Moderate Boron Concentration Beneficial for Flue-cured Tobacco Seedlings Growth and Development

10.21203/rs.3.rs-489172/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mengxia Li ◽

Xiaopeng Deng ◽

Ke Ren ◽

Rui Liu ◽

Tao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Photosynthetic Performance ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Internal Quality ◽

Root Weight ◽

Nicotine Content ◽

Hydroponic Experiment ◽

Tobacco Seedlings

Abstract Boron (B) is a micronutrient tobacco needs in minute amounts, and Boron insufficient supply can causes significant tobacco yield loss, however, the appropriate concentration for flue-cured tobacco seedlings to growth remains unknown. In this sense, a hydroponic experiment was conduct to measure the agronomic traits, dry matter mass, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic performance, antioxidant enzymes, boron ion and nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco seedlings K326 under different boron concentrations of 0.000mmol/L (B1, CK), 0.125mmol/L (B2), 0.250mmol/L (B3), 0.750mmol/L (B4), 5.000mmol/L (B5), 10.000mmol/L (B6), 20.000mmol/L (B7), 40.000mmol/L (B8) after 30 days. B significantly influenced flue-tobacco seedlings growth on agronomic traits, photosynthetic performance, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, boron ion and nicotine content aspects. B linearly enhanced the accumulation of boron ion by 24.00%~96.44%, and decreased nicotine content by 21.60%~82.03% in tobacco seedlings. Solution B concentration at 0.750 and 5.000mmol/L markedly improved tobacco seedlings maximum leaf length by 4.83%~82.03% and leaf width by 0.77%~24.36%, root weight by 13.64%~56.82%, stem weight by 12.26%~52.36%, leaf weight by 9.68%~36.56%, dry matter mass by 10.65%~38.92%, the Pn parameter by 1.22%~80.28%, the Cond paramete by 33.40%~75.86%, while decreased the activities of SOD by 10.44%~91.67%, POD by 21.32%~65.62% and CAT by 50.05%~96.44%, and MDA by 16.23%~75.16%. The B concentration concluded in this study enhanced the agronomy traits, photosynthetic and biochemical characteristics of flue-cured tobacco seedlings, which lays a scientific theoretical foundation for rational application of B in tobacco production and improve the internal quality of flue-cured tobacco.

Download Full-text

Facile Fabrication of a Functional Filter Tip for Highly Efficient Reduction of Nicotine Content in Mainstream Smoke

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ◽

10.1021/acsami.1c09277 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bingyong Lin ◽

Yuanyuan Yao ◽

Yueliang Wang ◽

Lifen Chen ◽

Xianghong Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mainstream Smoke ◽

Nicotine Content ◽

Highly Efficient ◽

Efficient Reduction ◽

Facile Fabrication

Download Full-text

National Culture for a Participatory Time-driven Activity Based Costing: A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda

International Journal of Business Administration ◽

10.5430/ijba.v9n2p56 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Attilio Mucelli ◽

Francesca Spigarelli ◽

Dominique Lepore

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Framework ◽

National Culture ◽

Research Agenda ◽

Management Practices ◽

Activity Based Costing ◽

Futures Research ◽

Managerial Implications ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Costing System ◽

Potential Moderator

National culture has a well-recognized role in management practices especially in shaping participatory decision-making processes (PDM). The article aims to provide a conceptual framework where national culture is considered as a potential moderator in a PDM when designing a Time-Driven Activity Based Costing (TDABC). The purpose is to identify a set of dimensions when designing time equations, on which the costing system is based on, to be then linked to national culture. Moreover, a research agenda is also presented in order to validate the proposed framework, outlining directions for futures research as well as managerial implications.

Download Full-text