Analyses and evaluation of the main chemical components in different tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. e389
Author(s):  
M. Camlica ◽  
G. Yaldiz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Tobacco Seeds

The nicotine, reducing sugar and ion contents from the threshing of tobacco can re-used from the industry. The crude oil and fatty oil compositions of tobacco seeds can be considered as an alternative source of raw material for biodiesel. In this study, the nicotine, reducing sugar content, crude oil, fatty acid composition and ion content were determined in 29 genotypes and 1 cultivar of tobacco. The genetic diversity was determined among the tobacco cultivar and genotypes base on examined properties. The nicotine content varied between 0.10-0.87%, reducing sugar ranged from 9.70-21.30%, crude oil varied between 24.33-47.00% and fatty acid compositions was found in the range of 77.94-100%. Linoleic (13.92-75.04%) and butyric (0.33-64.98%) acids were the major components. Overall, the BSR-5 (52.56 mg/g) and ESR-5 (44.58 mg/g) genotypes exhibited the highest potassium contents and ESR-7 (6.54 mg/g) and ESR-8 (1.28 mg/g) genotypes had the lowest chlorine contents. As a result of this study, the highest nicotine content, reducing sugar and crude oil of tobacco were found in ESR-4, ESR-11 and BSR-5 genotypes, respectively. The dendrogram analysis divided the tobacco into two main groups and most of the same origin genotypes fell into the same group. The results indicated that the different tobacco leaves and seeds can be evaluated as an alternative source in the industry as cigarettes, biodiesel and different industrial applications such as cosmetic, oil paints and varnishes based on their chemical properties.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FROM RICE AND MILLET HUSKS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Gwandu AZ ◽  
Farouq AA ◽  
Baki AS ◽  
Peni DN
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Fermentation Period

This study was based on the production of bioethanol as an alternative source of fuel using rice and millet husks. Proximate, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted of the biomass. The proximate analysis revealed that millet husk had the highest moisture content of 26.67±0.58% when compared with rice husk 8.17±0.29%. The TGA of rice husk had a high endset temperature of 355.510C and a weight loss of -48.23%, millet husk had low endset temperature of 349.210C and a weight loss of -44.25%. When thirty grams (30g) of the substrates was used, rice husk revealed the highest reducing sugar content of 2.59±1.24mol/dm3 when compared to millet husk that had 1.63±0.68 mol/dm3. Rice husk indicated low yield after 7 days of fermentation period but showed a significantly high yield in the volume of ethanol produced 68.67±17.69g/l and millet husk had a yield of 79.80±0.93g/l. This indicated that both rice and millet husks were potent for bioethanol production with millet husk having the highest yield.

Reducing Sugar Production from Agricultural Wastes by Acid Hydrolysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Achara Kleawkla ◽  
Pannarai Chuenkruth
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Sugar is very important raw material of many industries such as food, beverage and renewable energy. In this research, pretreatment and hydrolysis of agricultural wastes to produce reducing sugars for an ethanol production were investigated. The rice stalk and corn stover from agricultural wastes were firstly pretreated with sodium hydroxide at 121 °C in different time as 20 30 and 40 minutes for removal of lignin. After that, the condition of hydrolysis using sulfuric acid of the pretreated rice stalk and corn stover was optimized. The optimum condition that obtained the highest reducing sugar content from rice stalk and corn stover of 76.12 and 136.25 mg/ml were using 1.0 % v/v sulfuric acid at temperature of 121 °C for a hydrolysis time of 40 minutes. This research made value adding in the industrial processing, decrease environmental problem and reduce global warming crisis by optimized utilization of agricultural waste.

scholarly journals Study of Growing Flue-cured Tobacco in Croatia under Various Conditions of Irrigation and Nitrogen Nutrition

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cavlek ◽  
I Tursic ◽  
T Cosic
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sugar Levels

AbstractThree field experiments were conducted at the experimental station of the Tobacco Institute Zagreb in Pitomaca during the years 1990 and 1992, 1993-1996 and 1999-2000 to determine the effects of irrigation at different soil moisture levels [40-100%, 60-100%, 80-100% of plant available water, (PAW)], of different starting times of irrigation (vegetative phase, early flowering stage, continuously), and of irrigation combined with nitrogen nutrition (0, 20, 40, 60 kg/ha N) on the yields and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The first two experiments involved block methods, the third involved the split-plot method.In the first experiment, irrigation led to an increase in yield (3-38%), in price/kg (15-69%) and in reducing sugar content (18-89%) and a reduction of nicotine content (20-39%) in the flue-cured leaves. Additional irrigation at the early flowering stage and constant maintenance of soil moisture at a higher level resulted in somewhat lower yields but better visually estimated tobacco quality and, as expected, had a marked influence on the contents of nicotine and reducing sugars.In the second experiment, irrigated tobacco gave higher yields in two of the four trial years, which were significant in 1995 (13-21%), higher reducing sugar levels in 1994 (20-34%) and a marked reduction of nicotine content in cured leaves in all years (11-56%). Under conditions identical with or similar to those used in this research, irrigation may be started at the early flowering stage.In the third experiment, in both years irrigated tobacco showed significantly higher yields, price/kg and reducing sugar levels and significantly lower nicotine content. Averaging the two years indicated increases of 17%, 12% and 26% and a decrease of 29%, respectively. Higher amounts of nitrogen fertilizer promoted yield (up to 32%) and nicotine content (up to 76%), while decreasing reducing sugar levels (by up to 52%). Also, the price/kg of tobacco fertilized with more than 20 kg/ha of nitrogen dropped by as much as 26%.

scholarly journals Clonal Variation in the Bark Chemical Properties of Hybrid Aspen: Potential for Added Value Chemicals

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4403
Author(s):  
Pasi Korkalo ◽  
Risto Korpinen ◽  
Egbert Beuker ◽  
Tytti Sarjala ◽  
Jarkko Hellström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Hybrid Aspen ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Water Extracts

This study aims to promote comprehensive utilization of woody biomass by providing a knowledgebase on the utility of aspen bark as a new alternative source for fossil-based chemicals. The research focused on the analysis of clonal variation in: (1) major chemical components, i.e., hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignin; (2) extraneous materials, i.e., bark extractives, and suberic acid; (3) condensed tannins content and composition; and (4) screening differences in antioxidative properties and total phenolic content of hot water extracts and ethanol-water extracts of hybrid aspen bark. Results of this study, the discovery of clonal variation in utilizable chemicals, pave the way for further research on added-value potential of under-utilized hybrid aspen and its bark. Clonal variation was found in notable part of chemicals with potential for utilization. Based on the results, an appropriate bark raw material can be selected for tailored processing, thus improving the resource efficiency. The results also indicate that by applying cascade processing concepts, bark chemical substances could be more efficiently utilized with more environmentally friendly methods.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Physicochemical Characteristics, and Nutritional Value ofLannea kerstingiiSeeds and Seed Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judicaël Thomas Ouilly ◽  
Patrice Bazongo ◽  
Adjima Bougma ◽  
Nèbpawindé Kaboré ◽  
Anne Mette Lykke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Total Oxidation ◽  
Alternative Source

The chemical composition, main physicochemical properties, and nutritional value of seed flour and seed oil ofLannea kerstingiiwere studied. The results indicated that seeds contained 3.61% moisture, 57.85% fat, 26.39% protein, 10.07% carbohydrates, and 2.08% ash. Potassium was the predominant mineral, followed by magnesium and calcium. The essential amino acids were at higher levels than the estimated amino acid requirements of FAO/WHO/UNU except for lysine. Fatty acid composition showed that oleic acid was the major fatty acid, followed by palmitic, linoleic, and stearic acids. Physicochemical properties of the seed oil were melting point, 19.67°C; refractive index (25°C), 1.47; iodine value, 60.72/100 g of oil; peroxide value, 0.99 meq. O2/kg of oil;p-anisidine value, 0.08; total oxidation (TOTOX) value, 2.06; oxidative stability index (120°C), 52.53 h; free fatty acids, 0.39%; acid value, 0.64 mg of KOH/g of oil; saponification value, 189.73. Total amount of tocopherols, carotenoids, and sterols was 578.60, 4.60, and 929.50 mg/kg of oil, respectively.γ-Tocopherol (82%), lutein (80%), andβ-sitosterol (93%) were the most abundant forms of tocopherols, carotenoids, and sterols, respectively. Seeds ofL. kerstingiiconstitute an alternative source of stable vegetable oil and protein for nutritional and industrial applications.

scholarly journals Screening, Cloning, Enzymatic Properties of A Novel Thermostable Cellulase Enzyme and Its Potential Application on Water Hyacinth Utilization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshen Zhao ◽  
Liyang Liu ◽  
Zujun Deng ◽  
Shan Liu ◽  
Jeonyun Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Metagenomic Library ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Enzymatic Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase Family

Abstract Cellulose is the cheapest, natural, renewable organic substance that is used as a carbon source in various fields. Water hyacinth, an aquatic plant rich in cellulose, is often used as a raw material in fuel production. However, natural cellulase can be hardly used in industrial production on account of its low thermal stability and activity. In this study, a metagenomic library was constructed. Then a new cellulase gene, cel1029, was screened by Congo red staining and expressed in the prokaryotic system. Enzymatic properties of Cel1029 were explored, including optimum temperature and pH, thermal and pH stability, and tolerance against organic solvents, metal ions and salt solutions. Finally, its ability of degrading water hyacinth was identified and evaluated. Cel1029 displayed high homology with endoglucanase in the glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) and had high stability across a broad temperature range. More than 86% of its enzymatic activities were retained between 4 and 60°C after 24 h of incubation. Single-factor analysis and orthogonal design were further conducted to determine the optimal conditions for the highest reducing sugar yield of water hyacinth. Interestingly, Cel1029 efficiently transformed water hyacinth with a reducing sugar yield of 430.39 mg/g in 22 h. These findings may open the door for significant industrial applications of a novel GH5 cellulase (NCBI Reference Sequence: MK051001, Cel1029) and help identify more efficient methods to degrade cellulose-rich plants.

Research on Optimal Aspergillus Saccharifying Cassava Residues Technology by Response Surface

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 1758-1763
Author(s):  
Jin Song Yang ◽  
Ting Ting Xu ◽  
Hai Sheng Tan ◽  
Hai Rui Zhai ◽  
Qian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Aspergillus Usamii

Cassava residues were taken as main raw material, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus usamii were chosen as glucoamylase preparation, and response surface was used to optimize and analyze saccharification temperature, pH, rate of enzyme and total amount of Aspergillus (g/100g cassava residues) so order to find out the best operation conditon for cassava residues saccharification. It was found that the best operation condition for Aspergillus to saccharify cassava residues were as follows: saccharification temperature 70°C, pH 4, ratio of Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus usamii was 3:9, total amount of Aspergillus 10%, and it turned out to be a total reducing sugar content of 2.70g/L.

scholarly journals Hidrolisis Media Sisa Budidaya Jamur Kuping Menggunakan Tiga Jenis Enzim Selulase

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denny Irawati
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Cellulase Enzymes ◽  
Auricularia Polytricha ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Media

Jamur kuping (Auricularia polytricha) termasuk dalam kelas Basidiomycetes yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Setelah 6-8 bulan masa pembudidayaan media budidaya jamur kuping harus diperbaharui. Sejauh ini media sisa budidaya jamur kuping belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik, bahkan limbah tersebut hanya dibuang begitu saja sebagai limbah. Hal ini sangat berbahaya karena sisa miselia yang terdapat di dalam media sisa dapat mendegradasi lebih lanjut media dan mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan yaitu terlepasnya gas metana ke udara. Oleh karena itu pemanfaatan sisa media budidaya kuping perlu dilakukan antara lain untuk memproduksi gula pereduksi dengan menggunakan berbagai jenis enzim selulase. Penelitian ini menggunakan media sisa budidaya jamur kuping yang berasal dari 3 jenis kayu, yaitu sengon (Falcataria moluccana), jati (Tectona grandis), dan meranti (Shorea sp.), yang dihidrolisis menggunakan 3 jenis enzim selulase yaitu Driselase, Cellulase “Onozuka” R-10, dan Meicelase. Setelah hidrolisis, kemudian diukur laju hidrolisisnya dan dianalisis kadar gula pereduksinya. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan aras 3 x 3 serta ulangan sebanyak 3 untuk setiap perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media sisa budidaya jamur kuping memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku gula pereduksi yang selanjutnya dapat difermentasi menjadi bio-etanol atau bahan kimia lainnya. Laju hidrolisis berkisar antara 1,43-21,29%, dengan kombinasi tertinggi yaitu media sisa budidaya yang terbuat dari serbuk kayu meranti dengan menggunakan enzim Meicelase. Kadar dan rendemen gula pereduksi tertinggi juga dihasilkan dari kombinasi perlakuan yang sama, yaitu berturut-turut sebesar 127,7 mg/g dan 12,8% dengan kisaran hasil antara 56,01-127,7 mg/g atau rendemen 5,6-12,8%.The Hydrolysis of Ear-Mushroom Cultivation Media Residue by Using Three Kinds of Cellulase EnzymesAbstractEar mushrooms (Auricularia polytricha) belongs to class Basidiomycetes is widely cultivated in Indonesia. After 6-8 months of cultivation, the media should be renewed. Therefore, the rest of the media is under utilized and just thrown away as a waste. This is dangerous because the residual mycelia that contained in the rest of the media may further degrade the media. This pollutes the environmental pollution due to discharge of methane into the air. Therefore, the utilization of residual ear mushroom media needs to be processed. In fact, this residue can produce a reducing-sugar using various commercial cellulase enzymes. This study used the residual media of the cultivation of mushroom derived from three types of wood, i.e. sengon (Falcataria moluccana), teak (Tectona grandis), and meranti (Shorea sp.), and then they were hydrolyzed using three types of cellulase enzymes, i.e. Driselase, Cellulase “Onozuka” R-10, and Meicelase. The hydrolysis rate was measured and the reducing-sugar yield was analyzed. The design used was completely randomized design with 3 x 3 factors and 3 replications for each treatment. The results showed that the residue of the mushroom cultivation media has the potential of reducing sugar as a raw material which can then be fermented into bio-ethanol or other chemicals. Hydrolysis rate ranged from 1.43 to 21.29%. The highest combination of residual cultivation medium was made from meranti sawdust by using Meicelase enzyme. The highest reducing sugar content yield were also resulted from the combination of the same treatment, which amounted to 127.7 mg/g or 12.8% with output range between 56.0 and 127.7 mg/g (or yield 5.6-12.8%).

Wood Density, Anatomical Characteristics, and Chemical Components of Alnus sibirica Used for Industrial Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-363
Author(s):  
Xiping Zhao ◽  
Pingping Guo ◽  
Zhaolin Zhang ◽  
Yongqiang Yang ◽  
Penghui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Similar Density

Abstract In this study, wood density, anatomical characteristics, and major chemical components were investigated on branchwood, trunkwood, and rootwood of three Alnus sibirica trees grown in Maoershan Mountain, Northeast China. The anatomical structure and composition of xylem within a tree were spatially heterogeneous. At the alpha = 0.05 level, the differences among branchwood, rootwood, and trunkwood were significant in wood density, cell dimensions, extractives, and ash content. The trunkwood was desired as papermaking raw material and structural timber because of its high-quality fibers, cellulose content, and medium density value. Because of its similar density to trunkwood, large-sized branchwood could be used as a substitute for structural materials. The rootwood with low densities and large vessel dimensions was suitable for producing short fiber biocomposite.

Polythene Waste Collection and Management as a Tool for Poverty Reduction: Implication for Education and National Security

2019 ◽  
pp. 280-287
Author(s):  
Adolphus Chukwuemeka Kate N.
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
National Security ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Collection And Management

It has been discovered that absence of education and security in any society gives room to lawlessness and crises. This paper brings to bare the effect of waste collection and management on poverty reduction. Polythene is a by- product of crude oil. It is otherwise known as polyethylene. The use of polythene in the society is enormous and when poorly managed, constitutes at least 40% of the wastes that accumulate in the municipal. This paper views waste collection and management especially polythene as a tool for reducing poverty in the society. The emergence of recycling industries provided the platform for re-use of polythene materials thereby, making it an industrial raw material for some industries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document