A new approach to detecting vegetation and land-use Change using high-resolution lipid biomarker records in stalagmites

2007 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison J. Blyth ◽  
Asfawossen Asrat ◽  
Andy Baker ◽  
Pauline Gulliver ◽  
Melanie J. Leng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Lipid Biomarker ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Early Human ◽  
Over Time

AbstractA hundred-year stalagmite lipid biomarker record from Mechara, southeastern Ethiopia, is presented. The record has been recovered at a 10-yr temporal resolution, marking the first time this has been achieved in stalagmite biomarker work and providing the first opportunity to investigate the relationship between stalagmite lipid records and hydrological transport lags, a vital issue in interpreting palaeoenvironmental signals. Preserved plant-derived n-alkanes and n-alkanols show clear changes in composition over time, relating to known land-use changes in the area, particularly the expansion of agriculture in the early twentieth century. The level of environmental detail provided by this technique, combined with the long-term chronological framework offered by stalagmites, holds significant promise for the investigation of early human environments and their associated climatic and anthropogenic controls.

Soil microstructure is sensible to ecosystem and land use changes: simple approach to monitoring C pools

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Yudina ◽  
Dmitriy Fomin ◽  
Yulian Farkhodov ◽  
Polina Tregubova ◽  
Konstantin Abrosimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Soil Microstructure ◽  
C Pools ◽  
Bare Fallow

<p><em>Soil organic matter</em> (SOM) as one of the main aggregation factors supports the <strong>hierarchy structure organization </strong>of soils. Structure organization at the micro-level (µm-mm) is based on <em>soil primary particles</em>, <em>composite building units</em> and <em>microaggregates</em> characterized by different <em>SOM composition</em>, <em>stabilization mechanisms </em>and <em>dynamics</em> (Yudina et al., 2018; Yudina & Kuzyakov, 2019). This presentation aims to show the specifics in composition and sensitivity of <strong>soil microstructure</strong> to ecosystem type and land use changes. The studied objects are Haplic Chernozems (Kursk region, Russia) under 6 land use types differing in vegetation: natural steppe, natural forest, conventional arable field, long-term bare fallow, and afforestation. Separation of C pools associated with particle size distribution (PSD) were obtained with high resolution by <em>laser diffraction technique</em>. Mathematical computations with PSD's allow to find localization of particles sensitive to the chosen factor. Two parameters (mean volume diameter MVD, µm and content of particles, %) for each of the three particle types (<em>organo-mineral</em> OMp, <em>particulate organic matter </em>POM, <em>microaggregates</em> µA) can be calculated. POM is the smallest (3 or less %) but the most labile solid phase C pool and very sensitive indicator to changes in land use and C accumulation with the soil depth. OMp is sensitive to long-term factors and were the lowest in bare fallow soil. Since Chernozems are well-structured soils, the content of µA is less sensitive than MVD, which vary from 50 µm under bare fallow to 170 µm in forest soil. Presented <em>indicators</em> in combination with C storage characterize <strong>role of SOM in soil microstructure organization</strong>. We have supposed that the differences in dynamics between OMp, POp and µA is attributable to internal particle structure and microbial availability of SOM. The marking particle types were separated for physical and biological justification of suggested indicators. Their thermal stability, specific surface area, microporosity, microbial activity and composition were characterized. Following hypotheses were tested: 1) content of the thermostable organic C fraction will increase from POM to µA and OMp; 2) value of specific surface area and porosity will be higher in µA compare to OMp. The proposed approach to describe C dynamics based on combination of high-resolution PSD data is a simple, sensitive and effective tool for monitoring of SOM pools dynamics.</p><p>Yudina, A. V., Fomin, D. S., Kotelnikova, A. D., & Milanovskii, E. Y. (2018). From the Notion of Elementary Soil Particle to the Particle-Size and Microaggregate-Size Distribution Analyses: A Review. Eurasian soil science, 51(11), 1326-1347. DOI: 10.1134/S1064229318110091</p><p>Yudina, A., & Kuzyakov, Y. (2019). Saving the face of soil aggregates. Global change biology, 25(11), 3574-3577. DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14779</p><p>The reported study was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research according to the research project No 18-34-00825.</p>

A high-resolution GIS null model of potential forest expansion following land use changes in Norway

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Bryn ◽  
Pablo Dourojeanni ◽  
Lars Østbye Hemsing ◽  
Sejal O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Forest Expansion

scholarly journals The MODIS Global Vegetation Fractional Cover Product 2001–2018: Characteristics of Vegetation Fractional Cover in Grasslands and Savanna Woodlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Hill ◽  
Juan P. Guerschman
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Fractional Cover ◽  
Grassland Type ◽  
Global Vegetation ◽  
Global Indicator

Vegetation Fractional Cover (VFC) is an important global indicator of land cover change, land use practice and landscape, and ecosystem function. In this study, we present the Global Vegetation Fractional Cover Product (GVFCP) and explore the levels and trends in VFC across World Grassland Type (WGT) Ecoregions considering variation associated with Global Livestock Production Systems (GLPS). Long-term average levels and trends in fractional cover of photosynthetic vegetation (FPV), non-photosynthetic vegetation (FNPV), and bare soil (FBS) are mapped, and variation among GLPS types within WGT Divisions and Ecoregions is explored. Analysis also focused on the savanna-woodland WGT Formations. Many WGT Divisions showed wide variation in long-term average VFC and trends in VFC across GLPS types. Results showed large areas of many ecoregions experiencing significant positive and negative trends in VFC. East Africa, Patagonia, and the Mitchell Grasslands of Australia exhibited large areas of negative trends in FNPV and positive trends FBS. These trends may reflect interactions between extended drought, heavy livestock utilization, expanded agriculture, and other land use changes. Compared to previous studies, explicit measurement of FNPV revealed interesting additional information about vegetation cover and trends in many ecoregions. The Australian and Global products are available via the GEOGLAM RAPP (Group on Earth Observations Global Agricultural Monitoring Rangeland and Pasture Productivity) website, and the scientific community is encouraged to utilize the data and contribute to improved validation.

scholarly journals Satellite Imaging and Long-Term Mosquito Surveillance Implicate the Influence of Rapid Urbanization on Culex Vector Populations

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Eleanor N. Field ◽  
Ryan E. Tokarz ◽  
Ryan C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Mosquito Surveillance

The ecology and environmental conditions of a habitat have profound influences on mosquito population abundance. As a result, mosquito species vary in their associations with particular habitat types, yet long-term studies showing how mosquito populations shift in a changing ecological landscape are lacking. To better understand how land use changes influence mosquito populations, we examined mosquito surveillance data over a thirty-four-year period for two contrasting sites in central Iowa. One site displayed increasing levels of urbanization over time and a dramatic decline in Culex pipiens group (an informal grouping of Culex restuans, Culex pipiens, and Culex salinarius, referred to as CPG), the primary vectors of West Nile virus in central Iowa. Similar effects were also shown for other mosquito vector populations, yet the abundance of Aedes vexans remained constant during the study period. This is in contrast to a second site, which reflected an established urban landscape. At this location, there were no significant changes in land use and CPG populations remained constant. Climate data (temperature, total precipitation) were compiled for each location to see if these changes could account for altered population dynamics, but neither significantly influence CPG abundance at the respective site locations. Taken together, our data suggest that increased landscape development can have negative impacts on Culex vector populations, and we argue that long-term surveillance paired with satellite imagery analysis are useful methods for measuring the impacts of rapid human development on mosquito vector communities. As a result, we believe that land use changes can have important implications for mosquito management practices, population modeling, and disease transmission dynamics.

scholarly journals Suelos Y Karst, Origen De Inundaciones Y Hundimientos En Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Fragoso-Servón ◽  
Alberto Pereira-Corona
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Mexican Caribbean ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

The Mexican Caribbean and its main cities have the highest population growth rate in Mexico. This work goal was to analyze the growth of the city of Chetumal and the geopedological characteristics in which it has been developed, to identify potential hazards and thereby improve development programs. The methodology consisted in the study of geopedological characteristics and the analysis of land use changes in the city over time. The main problems of Chetumal are floods and subsidence. Floods are more common in areas where Gleysols soils are found in low-lying areas. The subsidence is associated to Leptosols with a phreatic mantle at a shallow depth where the precipitations favors dissolution of rock. The extrapolation of the relationships between geopedological conditions and the area occupied by the city, allows us to suppose that areas which the current Urban Development Program proposes for future city expansion will develop the same problems of subsidence and flooding as the areas already built in sites with similar conditions.

scholarly journals Relationships between landslides and land use changes in the Sanbagawa and Mikabu Belts, Shikoku, Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Roxanne Lai ◽  
Takashi Oguchi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Land Abandonment ◽  
Crystalline Schist ◽  
Agricultural Abandonment ◽  
Landslide Kinematics

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Changing land use is an increasingly important issue as human habits, behaviors, and needs change. There has been an increase in land and agricultural abandonment in some places of the world. In Japan, movement of the population from rural to urban areas have resulted in much land and agricultural abandonment. In 2016, a land ministry survey showed that 4.1 million hectares of land in Japan had unclear ownership, with farmland making up 16.9% of the total. As vegetation cover changes after land abandonment, this temporal and spatial effect may have important effects on geomorphic processes such as landslide susceptibility and landslide kinematics.</p><p>Here we track long-term land use changes over vegetated landslide areas of the Sanbagawa and Mikabu Belts of Shikoku Island, Japan. The Sanbagawa and Mikabu Belts are metamorphic belts that run across Southwest Japan, and are home to numerous large crystalline schist landslides, including the widely-studied slow but continuously moving Zentoku landslide. Villages and communities have been built on these landslide areas due to historical and cultural factors, as well as the fertility of the soil. Consequently, given the changing land uses including land abandonment in these landslide areas over time, we use long-term high-resolution land cover vegetation datasets to examine first the long-term land use changes, and then use statistical methods to explore their relationships with landslide susceptibility and kinematics. Mapping of spatial data and their analysis using GIS constitute a core part of the research. The results suggest interconnections between land use changes and land movement.</p>

scholarly journals FOREST CERTIFICATION AS A TOOL TO ENSURE THE BALANCE OF FORESTRY LAND USE

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepan Dankevych
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Forest Certification ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Forest Lands ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The problem of ensuring the balanced use of forest lands determines the search for new economic and environmental tools that can influence this process. The need to improve the certification tool as part of the financial and economic mechanism for ensuring balanced forestry land use corresponds to the directions of state policy and European integration intentions of Ukraine, modern requirements of the ecological aspect of forestry land use. The work examines the practice in the field of forest certification in Ukraine from the point of view of balanced land use. Spatial-temporal analysis and assessment of the scale and dynamics of the spread of forest FSC certification in Ukraine has been carried out. The study was formed in three stages: (I) study of changes over time in the volume of forest certification on a national scale, (II) assessment of trends over time for indicators on a regional scale, (III) study of the relationship between individual indicators. The analysis of the impact of FSC-certification of forest management in Ukraine on the environmental indicators of forestry land use based on the results of the correlation between the statistical characteristics of certain economic and environmental indicators, such as the area of certified forests, capital investments, reforestation. Analysis of statistical data showed the relationship between environmental and economic performance over time and changes in specific characteristics on a regional scale. The study makes it possible, on the basis of an objectively existing causal relationship between phenomena and indicators, to identify the course of certain positive or negative processes in forestry land use. Forest certification can play a role in maintaining a balanced use of forest lands, preventing illegal logging, forest degradation and contributing to reforestation and capital investments. The study helps to identify certain key variables that limit the ability of forestry operators to ensure balanced use of forest lands and how forest certification can affect this. Foreign experience in stimulating forest certification has been investigated for the possibility of borrowing the experience of using management tools in order to motivate forest certification in Ukraine. It has been proven that certification is a significant environmental tool for ensuring a balanced level of land use and has the potential for further development.

scholarly journals V. Bryusov’s Letters to His Fiancée

Literary Fact ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 8-30
Author(s):  
Monika V. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

The publication includes V.Ya. Bryusov’s letters to his fiancée I.M. Runt (1876 –1965) from June 9 to September 9, 1897. 11 correspondences, including the final telegram sent from Kursk, were written and sent from Aachen (Germany), Moscow and several Ukrainian localities. The letter 10 is accompanied by the full text of I.M. Runt’s only surviving letter to Bryusov, sent from Moscow to the village of Bolshye Sorochintsy and received by the poet a few months later at home. The relationship between the young people before the wedding were complicated. While the poet was preparing for the wedding in Moscow, he summed up the past contacts with “mes amantes”, and his state of mind was painful. Shortly before meeting his future wife, Bryusov broke up with the former governess of his family E.I. Pavlovskaya, who was terminally ill. A few days before the wedding he decided to go to say goodbye to Pavlovskaya to her homeland, Ukraine. In his letters to the future wife the poet tried to smooth out the tension of the situation, perhaps anticipating that he would be bounded with I.M. Runt 30 Литературный факт. 2021. № 2 (20) by a long-term relationship, where life and literature are closely interconnected. The letters are published for the first time.

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