The food safety of DP-356Ø43 soybeans on SD rats reflected by physiological variables and fecal microbiota during a 90-day feeding study

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
Shiying Zou ◽  
Jiao Lu ◽  
Yunbo Luo ◽  
Xiaozhe Qi ◽  
Bryan Delaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Sd Rats

scholarly journals Amelioration of depressive symptoms on Fawn-Hooded rats through the 'healthy' fecal microbiota transplantation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Hu ◽  
Promi Das ◽  
Xianglin Lv ◽  
Meng Shi ◽  
Jiye Aa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background : Depression is a recurrent, heterogeneous mood disorder, occurring in more than 260 million people worldwide. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with the development of depressive-like behaviors by modulating neuro-biochemical metabolism through the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) axis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic solution for depression, but the therapeutic efficiency and mechanism is unknown. Results : We performed FMT from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats ('healthy' controls) to Fawn-hooded (FH) rats (depression model). Pre-FMT, the FH rats exhibited significantly elevated depressive behaviors and distinct neurotransmitter and cytokine levels compared with SD rats. Post-FMT, FH recipients receiving SD microbiota showed reduced depressive behaviors, a significant increase in hippocampal neurotransmitters and a significant decrease of some hippocampal cytokines compared to the ones receiving FH microbiota. SD-FMT resulted in the FH recipients' gut microbiome resembling the SD donor, and a significant shift in the serum metabolome but not the hippocampal metabolome. Conclusions : SD-FMT was inferred to ameliorate recipients' physiochemical features of depression via the significant decrease of gut microbial species such as Dialister sp., which led to the recipients' metabolic modulation in serum and hippocampus through the enteric nervous system, the intestinal barrier and the blood-brain barrier. Our results provided new data pointing to multiple mechanisms of interaction for the impact of gut microbiome modulation on depression therapy.

scholarly journals The effect of Sennoside A on the improvement of lipopolysaccharide -associated encephalopathy through gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyan Li ◽  
Fenyan Zhang ◽  
Yiguang Lin ◽  
Xiaoli Niu ◽  
Jian Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence suggests that the intestinal flora is involved in many neurodegenerative diseases. Sepsis can lead to severe intestinal flora imbalance and brain dysfunction. In this study, we investigated Sennoside A may relieve lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-associated encephalopathy via its effect on the gut microbiota in rats. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and germ free (GF) rats were used. The ordinary and germ free SD rats were adopted as a LPS-associated encephalopathy model with or without Sennoside A administration. We investigated gut microbiota diversity and structure, conducted electroencephalograms (EEG) and measured the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the cortexes of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with or without Sennoside A administration. Horizontal fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and germ-free rats were used to confirm the important roles of gut microbiota in the mitigation of LPS-associated encephalopathy in rats after Sennoside A supplementation. Results We found that Sennoside A treatment markedly improved brain function in septic rats including decreased ratios of abnormal EEG and lowered levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the rat cortexes. While the gut microbiota changed in septic SD rats, Sennoside A improved gut microbial composition, which might mediate its brain protective effects in sepsis. Sennoside A also reduced inflammation in the cortexes of septic rats via gut microbiota improvement. In germ-free rats that received lipopolysaccharide(LPS),Sennoside A could not lower the ratios of abnormal EEG, and could not alleviate TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in the rats’ cortexes. FMT lowered the ratios of abnormal EEG and alleviate TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in rats’ cortexes, which confirmed our hypothesis that the effect of Sennoside A on the improvement of LPS-associated encephalopathy through gut microbiota. Conclusion Our data confirm our hypothesis that Sennoside A likely exerts its brain protective effects through gut microbiota alteration.

Evaluation of toxic effects mediated by exposure to Chloro-butanol in SD rats using a single and 28-day feeding study

2021 ◽  
Vol 350 ◽  
pp. S177
Author(s):  
D.H. Jeong ◽  
H. Won ◽  
H.S. Shin ◽  
J.P. Lee ◽  
J.H. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Sd Rats

scholarly journals Laxative Effects of Phlorotannins Derived from Ecklonia cava on Loperamide-Induced Constipation in SD Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7209
Author(s):  
Ji-Eun Kim ◽  
Yun-Ju Choi ◽  
Su-Jin Lee ◽  
Jeong-Eun Gong ◽  
You-Jung Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Mucin Secretion ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Cholinergic Regulation ◽  
Laxative Effects ◽  
Channel Expression ◽  
Muscarinic Cholinergic

This study investigated the laxative effects of phlorotannins (Pt) derived from Ecklonia cava (E. cave) on chronic constipation by evaluating alterations in stool parameters, gastrointestinal motility, histopathological structure, mucin secretion, gastrointestinal hormones, muscarinic cholinergic regulation, and fecal microbiota in SD rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation subjected to Pt treatment. Stool-related parameters (including stool number, weight, and water contents), gastrointestinal motility, and length of intestine were significantly enhanced in the Lop+Pt-treated group as compared to the Lop+Vehicle-treated group. A similar recovery was detected in the histopathological and cytological structure of the mid-colon of Lop+Pt-treated rats, although the level of mucin secretion remained constant. Moreover, rats with Lop-induced constipation subjected to Pt treatment showed significant improvements in water channel expression, gastrointestinal hormone secretions, and expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M2/M3 (mAChRs M2/M3) and their mediators of muscarinic cholinergic regulation. Furthermore, the Lop+Pt-treated group showed a significant recovery of Bifidobacteriaceae, Muribaculaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Eubacteriaceae families in fecal microbiota. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that exposure of SD rats with Lop-induced constipation to Pt improves the constipation phenotype through the regulation of membrane water channel expression, GI hormones, the mAChR signaling pathway, and fecal microbiota.

scholarly journals The Preventive Effects of Xanthohumol on Vascular Calcification Induced by Vitamin D3 Plus Nicotine

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 956
Author(s):  
Shu-Fen Liou ◽  
Thi Tuyet Ngan Nguyen ◽  
Jong-Hau Hsu ◽  
Erna Sulistyowati ◽  
Shang-En Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Sd Rats

Vascular calcification (VC) is highly prevalent in patients with atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. In blood vessels, VC is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events. Xanthohumol (XN), a main prenylated chalcone found in hops, has antioxidant effects to inhibit VC. This study aimed to investigate whether XN attenuates VC through in vivo study. A rat VC model was established by four weeks oral administration of vitamin D3 plus nicotine in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. In brief, 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, 25 mg/kg nicotine in 5 mL corn oil and 3 × 105 IU/kg vitamin D3 administration (VDN), and combination of VDN with 20 mg/L in 0.1% ethanol of XN (treatment group). Physiological variables such as body and heart weight and drinking consumption were weekly observed, and treatment with XN caused no differences among the groups. In comparison with the control group, calcium content and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were increased in calcified arteries, and XN treatment reduced these levels. Dihydroethidium (DHE) and 2′,7′-dichloroflurescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining to identify Superoxide and reactive oxygen species generation from aorta tissue showed increased production in VDN group compared with the control and treatment groups. Hematoxylin eosin (HE) and Alizarin Red S staining were determined to show medial vascular thickness and calcification of vessel wall. Administration of VDN resulted in VC, and XN treatment showed improvement in vascular structure. Moreover, overexpression of osteogenic transcription factors bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were significantly suppressed by XN treatment in VC. Moreover, downregulation of vascular phenotypic markers alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α) were increased by XN treatment in VC. Furthermore, XN treatment in VC upregulated nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions. Otherwise, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) was alleviated by XN treatment in VC. In conclusion, our findings suggested that XN enhances antioxidant capacity to improve VC by regulating the Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1 pathway. Therefore, XN may have potential effects to decrease cardiovascular risk by reducing VC.

scholarly journals Amelioration of depressive symptoms on Fawn-Hooded rats through the ‘healthy’ fecal microbiota transplantation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Hu ◽  
Promi Das ◽  
Xianglin Lv ◽  
Meng Shi ◽  
Jiye Aa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with the development of depression. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic solution for depression. However, the efficacy of FMT to reduce depression is still unknown. We performed FMT from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (‘healthy’ controls) to Fawn-hooded (FH) rats (depression model). Pre-FMT, the FH rats exhibited significantly elevated depressive behaviors and distinct neurotransmitter and cytokine levels compared with SD rats. Post-FMT, FH recipients receiving SD microbiota showed reduced depressive behaviors, a significant increase in hippocampal neurotransmitters and a significant decrease of some hippocampal cytokines compared to the ones receiving FH microbiota. SD-FMT resulted in the FH recipients’ gut microbiome resembling the SD donor; additionally, FH recipients showed a significant shift in the serum metabolome, but not the hippocampal metabolome. Co-occurrence analysis suggests that SD-FMT ameliorated recipients’ physiochemical features of depression by the metabolic modulation through the enteric nervous system, the intestinal barrier and the blood-brain barrier. Our results provided new data pointing to multiple mechanisms of interaction for the impact of gut microbiome modulation on depression.

Food Safety Security: A new Concept for Enhancing Food Safety Measures

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Iyengar ◽  
Ibrahim Elmadfa
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
The Impact

The food safety security (FSS) concept is perceived as an early warning system for minimizing food safety (FS) breaches, and it functions in conjunction with existing FS measures. Essentially, the function of FS and FSS measures can be visualized in two parts: (i) the FS preventive measures as actions taken at the stem level, and (ii) the FSS interventions as actions taken at the root level, to enhance the impact of the implemented safety steps. In practice, along with FS, FSS also draws its support from (i) legislative directives and regulatory measures for enforcing verifiable, timely, and effective compliance; (ii) measurement systems in place for sustained quality assurance; and (iii) shared responsibility to ensure cohesion among all the stakeholders namely, policy makers, regulators, food producers, processors and distributors, and consumers. However, the functional framework of FSS differs from that of FS by way of: (i) retooling the vulnerable segments of the preventive features of existing FS measures; (ii) fine-tuning response systems to efficiently preempt the FS breaches; (iii) building a long-term nutrient and toxicant surveillance network based on validated measurement systems functioning in real time; (iv) focusing on crisp, clear, and correct communication that resonates among all the stakeholders; and (v) developing inter-disciplinary human resources to meet ever-increasing FS challenges. Important determinants of FSS include: (i) strengthening international dialogue for refining regulatory reforms and addressing emerging risks; (ii) developing innovative and strategic action points for intervention {in addition to Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) procedures]; and (iii) introducing additional science-based tools such as metrology-based measurement systems.

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