The impact of the Women, Infants and Children Food Supplement Program on birth outcome

1996 ◽  
Vol 174 (4) ◽  
pp. 1279-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haywood L. Brown ◽  
Kevin Watkins ◽  
A.Kinney Hiett
Keyword(s):  
Birth Outcome ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
The Impact

Reduced birth weight caused by sextuple drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum infection in early 2nd trimester

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helle Hansson ◽  
Daniel T R Minja ◽  
Sofie L Moeller ◽  
John P A Lusingu ◽  
Ib C Bygbjerg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Birth Outcome ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mutant Haplotype

Abstract Mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum genes Pfdhfr and Pfdhps, particularly the sextuple mutant haplotype threatens the antimalarial effectiveness of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine as intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp). To explore the impact of sextuple mutant haplotype infections on outcome measures after provision of IPTp-SP, we monitored birth outcomes in women followed from prior to conception or from the first trimester until delivery. Women infected with sextuple haplotypes in early 2 nd trimester specifically, delivered newborns with a lower birth weight (-267g, 95% CI -454; -59, p=0·01) compared to women who did not have malaria during pregnancy and women infected with less SP resistant haplotypes (-461g, 95% CI -877; -44, p=0·03). Thus, sextuple haplotype infections seems to impact the effectiveness of SP for IPTp and directly impact birth outcome by lowering birth weight. Close monitoring and targeted malaria control during early pregnancy is therefore crucial to improve birth outcomes.

The impact of prenatal care coordination on birth outcome

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Garry ◽  
H.L. Brown ◽  
M.Pell Abernathy ◽  
B.W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Care Coordination ◽  
Birth Outcome ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Developmental Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Populations

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Lu ◽  
Sara Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Drug Absorption ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
Tubular Secretion ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Infants And Children

Information on drug absorption and disposition in infants and children has increased considerably over the past 2 decades. However, the impact of specific age-related effects on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and dose requirements remains poorly understood. Absorption can be affected by the differences in gastric pH and stomach emptying time that have been observed in the pediatric population. Low plasma protein concentrations and a higher body water composition can change drug distribution. Metabolic processes are often immature at birth, which can lead to a reduced clearance and a prolonged half-life for those drugs for which metabolism is a significant mechanism for elimination. Renal excretion is also reduced in neonates due to immature glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, and reabsorption. Limited data are available on the pharmacodynamic behavior of drugs in the pediatric population. Understanding these age effects provide a mechanistic way to identify initial doses for the pediatric population. The various factors that impact pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics mature towards adult values at different rates, thus requiring continual modification of drug dose regimens in neonates, infants, and children. In this paper, the age-related changes in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination in infants and children are reviewed, and the age-related dosing regimens for this population are discussed.

scholarly journals Stocking characteristics and perceived increases in sales among small food store managers/owners associated with the introduction of new food products approved by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1771-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe X Ayala ◽  
Melissa N Laska ◽  
Shannon N Zenk ◽  
June Tester ◽  
Donald Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Program ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Whole Wheat Bread ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition Program ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveThe present study assessed the impact of the 2009 food packages mandated by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) on perceived sales, product selection and stocking habits of small, WIC-authorized food stores.DesignA cross-sectional study involving in-depth interviews with store managers/owners.SettingSmall, WIC-authorized food stores in eight major cities in the USA.SubjectsFifty-two store managers/owners who had at least 1 year of experience in the store prior to study participation.ResultsThe WIC-approved food products (fresh, canned and frozen fruits; fresh, canned and frozen vegetables; wholegrain/whole-wheat bread; white corn/whole-wheat tortillas; brown rice; lower-fat milk (<2 %)) were acquired in multiple ways, although acquisition generally occurred 1–2 times/week. Factors such as customer requests (87 %), refrigerator/freezer availability (65 %) and profitability (71 %) were rated as very important when making stocking decisions. Most managers/owners perceived increases in sales of new WIC-approved foods including those considered most profitable (wholegrain/whole-wheat bread (89 %), lower-fat milk (89 %), white corn/whole wheat tortillas (54 %)), but perceived no changes in sales of processed fruits and vegetables. Supply mechanisms and frequency of supply acquisition were only moderately associated with perceived sales increases.ConclusionsRegardless of type or frequency of supply acquisition, perceived increases in sales provided some evidence for the potential sustainability of these WIC policy efforts and translation of this policy-based strategy to other health promotion efforts aimed at improving healthy food access in underserved communities.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with the Initiation of Added Sugar among Low-Income Young Children Participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children in the US

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3888
Author(s):  
Morium B. Bably ◽  
Rajib Paul ◽  
Sarah B. Laditka ◽  
Elizabeth F. Racine
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Program ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition Program ◽  
The Impact

Added sugar intake at a young age is associated with chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, asthma, elevated blood pressure, and overweight. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020–2025 and the American Heart Association recommend delaying the introduction of added sugar until age 2. The aims of this study were to identify the timing of added sugar initiation; factors associated with added sugar initiation; and the top five added sugar foods and beverages consumed by infants and children at three age ranges (< 7 months, 8–13 months, and 14–24 months). Data were from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2, a longitudinal, national population of WIC participants enrolled in WIC eligible clinics (n = 3835). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the factors associated with introducing added sugar. About 25% of children were given added sugar at or before 7 months. Contributing factors were caregivers’ race/ethnicity, education, employment, weight status, parity, child sex, and premature birth (all p < 0.05). The top added sugar foods consumed between 1–24 months were cereal, crackers, apple sauce, dessert, yogurt, sweetened beverages, syrup and preserves, and cookies. Further research to examine the impact of early initiation of added sugar on health outcomes and taste preferences is warranted.

scholarly journals Impact Assessment of Nutritional Supplement Program in Urban Settings: A study of under nutrition in Slum Community of Mumbai

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Shah
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Mental Abilities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Slum Community

Malnutrition among 0-6 years is an impending problem, especially among economically backward communities in urban India. In an attempt to alleviate malnutrition, within the target community, the Foundation for Mother and Child, India, prepared a special food supplement, using cheap and locally available resources. A brief evaluation study was conducted to evaluate the impact of this food supplement on improvement in parameters like weight, height, and mental abilities among the participants. The study was conducted between August 2010 to October 2010 (n=51), with the participants divided in four different age groups. The height and weight parameters were compared to ICMR standards for the age to understand the impact of the program. The mean improvement in height was 0.84 cms (SD-0.6) while the mean improvement in weight was 0.57 kgs (SD-0.8). A significant variance was observed due to different consumption levels of the supplement and differing levels of under-nutrition. A strong correlation was observed between the consumption level and the improvement in height and weight parameters. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between the extent of deviation from ICMR standards and levels of improvement in height and weight parameters. No differential in terms of gender was observed within the community. No significant findings were observed with reference to improvement in mental ability, primarily as the study duration was short. The study has laid the roadmap for a larger and multifaceted study to be conducted to critically evaluate the effectiveness of the nutritional supplement.

Liver Damage Produced by Malnutrition is Improved by Dietary Supplementation in Mice: Assessment of a Supplement based on Buriti (a Cerrado Fruit) and Dairy by-Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Handyara Bicalho ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro do Santos ◽  
Daniele Cristina Moreira ◽  
Luis Paulo Oliveira ◽  
Amanda Souto Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

Background: Malnutrition induced by dietary restriction produces several metabolic changes that affect body weight, the digestive system, and annex organs, including the liver. Malnutrition generates a pro-inflammatory state and increases oxidative stress. The liver is one of the vital organs of our body, so it is necessary to analyze the impact of food supplementation on the repair of possible changes that may occur in this organ due to malnutrition. Aims: To evaluate the effects of an inexpensive supplementation derived from Buriti and dairy by-products on liver recovery in malnourished mice, focusing on the expression of oxidative stress-related genes, as well as biochemical and histological parameters. Methods: Swiss mice were divided into six groups and submitted to two treatment phases: food restriction, for malnutrition onset; and renutrition, with mice being fed different diets. Results: Our results indicate that dietary supplementation was successful in recovering liver damage caused by malnutrition in animal models. The new supplement has been shown to recover liver damage with similar or superior results compared to the commercial reference supplement on the market. Conclusion: Our work presents a new composition of low cost food supplement based on buriti and milk derivatives, tested and proven to be effective in the treatment of malnutritvion. The improvements were proven through the recovery of body weight, reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress.

THE IMPACT OF HORSERADISH ROOTS ($ARMORACIA$ $RUSTICANA$) ON THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF RAT BODY IN ACUTE HYPOXIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3 (253)) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
M.A. Karapetyan ◽  
S.G. Sahakyan ◽  
N.Yu. Adamyan
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Armoracia Rusticana ◽  
Hypoxia Exposure ◽  
Hardware Complex ◽  
The Impact

Using the “Bioscope” hardware complex, it was shown that an oxygen deficiency leads to certain changes in the statistical parameters of the integrative state of animals both during and after hypoxia exposure. However, after 10 days of using horseradish roots (Armoracia rusticana) as an antihypoxic food supplement, in contrast to the control, significant changes in the recorded signal are observed both during and after hypoxic exposure. These changes indicate the facilitating effect of horseradish roots in conditions of oxygen deficiency.

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