DEVELOPMENT OF A DISTRIBUTED INFORMATION AND COMPUTING CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE NUCLEAR UNIT AT NOVOVORONEZH NPP

Ядерные блоки атомных электростанций имеют длительный срок эксплуатации, что приводит к ситуации, когда в процессе эксплуатации технические и программные средства систем управления перестают отвечать текущим современным требованиям в плане надежности и безопасности их использования. В результате для продления срока действия ядерного блока требуется обязательное проведение модернизации информационно-вычислительной системы (ИВС) управления. Приводятся результаты такой работы, проведенной на 4 блоке Нововоронежской АЭС. При выборе оборудования для создания новой ИВС модернизируемого энергоблока был реализован принцип унификации. Программное обеспечение всех компонентов программно-технического комплекса ИВС, включая функции систем предоставления параметров безопасности и внутриреакторного контроля, реализовано на единых программных средствах. Представленные значения параметров сигналов на всех рабочих станциях программно-технического комплекса информационной системы, интерфейсы взаимодействия, человеко-машинный интерфейс и навигация по видеокадрам идентичны, что учитывает требования по оптимальному взаимодействию системы «человек-машина». Система удовлетворяет требованиям по обеспечению надёжности на основе резервирования, независимости, разнообразия, с учётом отказов по общей причине. Для этого ИВС была реализована в виде двухканальной информационной системы. Основной и дублирующий каналы измерения и обработки данных в программно-техническом комплексе ИВС функционируют одновременно в полном объеме. Разработанная информационно-вычислительная система позволила продлить срок эксплуатации 4 энергоблока Нововоронежской АЭС на 15 лет Nuclear units of nuclear power plants have a long service life, which leads to a situation when, during the operation, the technical and software tools of control systems no longer meet the current modern requirements in terms of reliability and safety of their use. As a result, in order to extend the validity period of the nuclear unit, mandatory modernization of the information and computing system (ICS) of management is required. This article presents the results of such work carried out at Unit 4 of the Novovoronezh NPP. When choosing the equipment to create a new ICS of the upgraded power unit, we implemented the principle of unification. The software of all components of the ICS software and hardware complex, including the functions of systems for providing security parameters and in-reactor control, is implemented on unified software tools. The representation of signal parameter values at all workstations of the software and hardware complex of the information system, the interfaces of human-machine interface interaction and navigation through video frames are identical, which takes into account the requirements for optimal interaction of the man-machine system. The system meets the requirements for ensuring reliability based on redundancy, independence, diversity, taking into account failures for a common reason. For this purpose, we implemented the ICS in the form of a two-channel information system. The main and backup channels of measurement and data processing in the ICS software and hardware complex function simultaneously in full. The developed information and computing system made it possible to extend the service life of 4 power units of the Novovoronezh NPP for 15 years

DEVELOPMENT OF CALIBRATION MODULES FOR A COMPLEX OF ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE ON ELECTRONIC DEVICES

В современном мире при стремлении человечества к миниатюризации электротехнической и радиоэлектронной продукции без потери технических характеристик устройств, наряду с их расширением одной из значимых проблем является влияние электромагнитных помех на стабильное функционирование устройств. Представлены модули калибровки, используемые в программно-аппаратном комплексе (ПАК), который позволяет произвести оценку влияния электромагнитных помех (ЭМП) на электронные средства. Практическое искажение сигналов неизбежно, так как причиной помех может стать взаимное влияние элементов печатной платы (ПП) друг на друга, а также конфигурация самого рисунка дорожек ПП и её топологии. Рассматриваются модули, позволяющие выявить ряд ошибок по ранее полученным результатам и обеспечить калибровку комплекса с целью повышения точности оценки влияния самоиндукции и импеданса линии передач на вносимые искажения сигнала при различных конфигурациях трассировки печатной платы. Применение данного программно-аппаратного комплекса позволяет значительно сократить время, необходимое на разработку устройства и комплекс испытаний, что, в свою очередь, снижает финансовую нагрузку на выпуск единицы продукции, поскольку позволяет выявить недостатки устройств на стадии макетирования электротехнической продукции In the modern world, with the desire of all mankind to miniaturize electrical products without loss of power, one of the significant problems is the influence of electromagnetic interference on the stable functioning of devices. This article presents the calibration modules used in the software and hardware complex (SHC), which allows one to assess the influence of electromagnetic interference (EMI) on electronic means. The practical distortion of signals is inevitable since the cause of interference can be their mutual influence on each other, as well as the configuration of the printed circuit board pattern itself. The paper considers modules that allow identifying a number of errors based on previously obtained results and providing calibration of the complex in order to increase the accuracy of estimating the effect of self-induction and transmission line impedance on the introduced signal distortion in various configurations of the PCB trace. The use of this software and hardware complex can significantly reduce the development time and conduct tests that require financial costs since it allows one to conduct a number of experiments at the stage of prototyping electrical products

The "freight frame" model as a method of freight transport traffic urban organization

The paper justifies the use of the "freight frame" as a method of organizing the movement of freight vehicle in large metropolitan areas on the example of Samara city district. The study presents the characteristics of the "freight frame" of major European cities, Kazan and Moscow. A comparative analysis of approaches to the organization of the movement of freight vehicle on the basis of the "freight frame" of Russian cities and cities of foreign countries is carried out. Based on the use of the Yandex.Traffic service, an analysis of the congestion of the main transport highways of the city was carried out, a map of the transport accessibility of the city of Samara was compiled with the calculation of the transport accessibility indices of its districts. To analyze the load of freight transport in the Samara region and the city of Samara, the intensity and composition of the traffic of freight transport on the major streets of the city were calculated using the NETVISION Traffic software and hardware complex, differentiated by months and day time. The result of the analysis allowed to identify the most significant problems of traffic management. On the basis of the used methods of freight traffic analysis, the necessity of implementing the "freight frame" model in the city of Samara was justified. A set of sequential measures is proposed to ensure the step-by-step formation of the freight frame model.

SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE FOR MODELING A BROADBAND SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

The paper presents the results of the development of a software and hardware complex for simulating a satellite communication channel. Shown is a block diagram, composition and results of experimental studies.

Development Prospects of the Software-Hardware Complex of Hierarchical Control Systems

Introduction. Hierarchical control in complex multilevel systems has been studied since the period of classical cybernetics. At that time, basic definitions and concepts were introduced. It is time to start remembering those achievements because those decisions can already be implemented. However, the situation is constantly changing (evolving), so those tasks are perceived differently today. And the question arises as to how these old developments will progress, whether they will be used? Purpose. The purpose of this work is an attempt to predict the development of hierarchical multilevel control systems in the future and how it depends on the latest technologies that determine their software-hardware complex (SHC). Result. The analysis of the essence of the multilevel hierarchical management system, its features and additional requirements for the software-hardware complex, the current state of hierarchical management systems, the impact of advances in IT technologies and theories on the features of hierarchical management are carried out. The current state is studied on the example of NATO hierarchical systems. Based on the forecasts of the development trend of IT technologies, the forecast of trends in changes in hierarchical multilevel control systems is proposed. Conclusions. As a result of the analysis of the essence of hierarchical multi-level management systems, the current state, and forecast of the development of IT technologies, the authors made the following conclusions: – the hierarchical structure of a complex multi-level system will be in demand in the near future; – Hierarchical systems will consist of standard components with elements of artificial intelligence that controls the components; – the process of creating a hierarchical system will be simplified, so it will be possible to use ready-made solutions.

MEASUREMENT OF PARAMETERS OF BROADBAND EMISSION USING MINI-SPECTROMETERS

On the basis of mini-spectrometers, a reference lamp of the SIRSH type with a known color temperature, and line spectrum sources, an inexpensive hardware complex has been created for measuring the emission parameters of heterodiodes and interference filters. Examples of recording the emission of heterodiodes (full width at half maximum is 17–30 nm) with a maximum of emission in the region of 659 and 764 nm and measurement of an interference filter (FWHM of the bandwidth is 12 nm) with a maximum transmission of 727 nm are given. The emission parameters of the SIRSH standard lamp are introduced into the program for measuring and processing data, due to which it is possible to significantly refine the value of the wavelength of the maximum emission and transmission.

Application of a computer vision system for recognizing tomato fruits and determining their position relative to the gripper device of the harvesting robot

The article presents a method for recognizing tomato fruits covered with foliage, de-termining their centers and boundaries using the OpenCV computer vision library and a hardware complex based on Raspberry Pi 4. The methods for solving the inverse kinematics problem for the five-link robotic manipulator designed by the authors, installed on a mobile plat-form, in order to create a robot for collecting fruits are considered. The simulation of the manipulator movement in the Scilab environment is performed.

Dynamic strain measurement of propeller shaft vibrations

The paper proposes an approach to the registration of vibrations parameters to increase the reliability and predict the durability of technical systems with a continuously rotating shaft. For systems with stochastic loads, such as a ship’s shaft line, the actual measurement of shaft stresses and deformations is an actual way to prevent failures and non-destructive testing under operating conditions. The adaptation of the dynamic strain measurement method made it possible to develop a software and hardware complex for recording and analysing transverse, torsional and longitudinal vibrations of shafts. The design of a hardware complex consisting of a measuring mobile and stator modules connected by a wireless network that allows dynamic strain measurement is proposed. The connection diagram and the main metrological and technical characteristics of the modules are given. To test the operability of the hardware complex, an experimental installation was built that allows carrying out investigation of the shaft line vibrations in real operation conditions. Experimental data are presented, the analysis of which allows us to predict the durability of the system.

A method for generating a local network graph based on the analysis of address sets

Introduction. The paper deals with the problem of automated construction of a local area network using tools and methods for traffic analysis at the link layer of OSI model. The problem is caused by two factors. These are difficulties of the manual determination of the communication between equipment and the lack of physical access to communication lines of an already functioning network. The purpose of the work is to reduce the time spent on building a local network diagram through automating the process of determining the communication between the equipment.Materials and Methods. To solve the set tasks, a method for determining the relative location of devices is proposed. The network adapters of a specialized software and hardware complex, which are connected to a communication line break at different points of the network, are used in opposite directions. The method used is based on calculations of intersections of address sets received from these adapters. The structural schemes of the construction of such a software and hardware complex and the requirements for it are given. The methods of obtaining MAC addresses from transit packets are described. Examples of libraries of software components for performing this operation are given. The structure of a relational database is proposed for storing the received data. The format and content of the fields of its table are described.Results. Using the developed methods, a typical example of an Ethernet network shows a way to determine the relative location of end devices specified by their MAC addresses, as well as at least two switches located between them. The signs by which it is possible to judge the presence of switching equipment in a particular segment are determined. A method is proposed that enables through using a set of relational operations, to sequentially refine the network topology until the required accuracy is achieved.Discussion and Conclusions. The results obtained can be used under the administration of large local networks with an extensive structure. The proposed approach allows you to reduce the time required for building a scheme. This is possible due to the automation of the process of obtaining information about devices operating on the network and their mutual location.

Developing the software and hardware complex to diagnose the ascent of gas bubbles in a liquid metal by the Doppler anemometry method

The complex method of ultrasonic diagnostics of two-phase flows in a liquid metal medium is developed. It allows measuring the dynamic and structural characteristics of the floating inhomogeneity. A software and hardware complex that implements the proposed method is developed and tested for ultrasonic diagnostics of two-phase flows in water and liquid metal medium.