Estrogen regulation of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase—Possible mechanism of body fat distribution

Abstract Background: The relationship between betatrophin/ANGPTL8 and obesity has been investigated using body mass index (BMI); however, since BMI reflects overall adiposity rather than body fat distribution, it remains unclear whether fat deposition in different areas of the body affects betatrophin expression. Here, we investigated the correlation between circulating betatrophin levels and body fat distribution in patients with different glucose tolerance. Methods: In 128 participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 64) or normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 64), we measured circulating betatrophin levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and body fat distribution (subcutaneous, visceral, and limb fat) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a body fat meter. Results: After controlling for age, sex, and BMI, betatrophin was correlated positively with visceral adipose tissue-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio ( VAT/SAT ratio; r = 0.339, p = 0.009) and negatively with body fat ratio (BFR; r = -0.275, p = 0.035), left lower limb fat ratio (LLR; r = -0.330, p = 0.011), and right lower limb fat ratio (RLR; r = -0.288, p = 0.027) in the NGT group, with these correlations remaining after controlling for triglycerides. VAT/SAT ratio (standardized β = 0.419, p = 0.001) was independently associated with serum betatrophin levels; however, betatrophin was not associated with body fat distribution variables in the IGT group. Conclusions: Circulating betatrophin levels correlated positively with VAT/SAT ratio and negatively with lower limb fat, but not subcutaneous or upper limb fat, in individuals with normal glucose tolerance. Thus, betatrophin may be a potential biomarker for body fat distribution in individuals without glucose disorders.

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Abdominal adipose tissue: Significance and methods of detection

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns0506258s ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 58 (5-6) ◽

pp. 258-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Biljana Srdic ◽

Edita Stokic ◽

Agneza Polzovic ◽

Sinisa Babovic

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Fat ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽

Fat Depots ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Menopausal Women

Introduction. The presence of excess fat in the abdomen, out of proportion to total body fat, is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and other complications of obesity. Histoanatomical characteristics of the abdominal adipose tissue In regard to subcutaneous fat, accumulation of visceral abdominal adipose tissue is more associated with increased metabolic risk. However, mean have more visceral fat than pre-menopausal women. Compared with pre-menopausal women, postmenopausal women have 49% more intraabdominal fat, regardless of age and total fat mass. Measurement of abdominal fat depots Various anthropometric indicators have been suggested for measuring body fat distribution. All of them have advantages and disadvantages, in relation to their interpretation and use. Many are specified as ratios and are difficult to interpret biologically, whereas a change in body fat distribution may exhibit little or no change in the ratios. Waist circumference and sagittal abdominal diameter are good predictors of visceral fat. But, extreme individual variations in visceral to subcutaneous ratio demonstrate the limitations of external anthropometry. The best methods to estimate the amount of visceral fat are imaging techniques like computed tomography or magnetic resonance, but they are expensive and inconvinient in routine practice. Conclusion. Further investigations should provide a simple and optimal indicator of abdominal obesity which should correlate with the amount of viscelar fat and the risk. .

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MicroRNA-196a links human body fat distribution to adipose tissue extracellular matrix composition

EBioMedicine ◽

10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.047 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 467-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Catriona Hilton ◽

Matt J. Neville ◽

Laura B.L. Wittemans ◽

Marijana Todorcevic ◽

Katherine E. Pinnick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Fat ◽

Human Body ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Matrix Composition

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Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Body Fat Distribution in Patients with Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy Caused by Mutations in the AGPAT2 or Seipin Genes

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2003-030835 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 88 (11) ◽

pp. 5433-5437 ◽

Cited By ~ 118

Author(s):

Vinaya Simha ◽

Abhimanyu Garg

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Fat ◽

Autosomal Recessive ◽

Acanthosis Nigricans ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Whole Body ◽

Severe Insulin Resistance ◽

Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy ◽

Chromosome 9Q34

Abstract Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by extreme paucity of adipose tissue since birth, acanthosis nigricans, severe insulin resistance, marked hypertriglyceridemia, and early-onset diabetes mellitus. Recently, we reported mutations in the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2 (AGPAT2) gene in CGL pedigrees linked to chromosome 9q34 (CGL1 subtype), and mutations in the Seipin gene were reported in pedigrees linked to chromosome 11q13 (CGL2 subtype). Whether the two subtypes have differences in body fat distribution has not been investigated. We, therefore, compared whole-body adipose tissue distribution by magnetic resonance imaging in 10 CGL patients, of whom seven (six females, one male) had CGL1 and three (two males, one female) had CGL2. Both subtypes had marked lack of metabolically active adipose tissue located at most sc, intermuscular, bone marrow, intraabdominal, and intrathoracic regions. Paucity of mechanical adipose tissue in the palms, soles, orbits, scalp, and periarticular regions was noted in CGL2, whereas it was well preserved in CGL1 patients. We conclude that CGL patients with Seipin mutations have a more severe lack of body fat, which affects both metabolically active and mechanical adipose tissue, compared with patients with mutations in the AGPAT2 gene.

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Visceral Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Complications of Obesity Are Reduced in Prader-Willi Syndrome Female Adults: Evidence for Novel Influences on Body Fat Distribution

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jcem.86.9.7814 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 86 (9) ◽

pp. 4330-4338 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Anthony P. Goldstone ◽

E. Louise Thomas ◽

Audrey E. Brynes ◽

Jimmy D. Bell ◽

Gary Frost ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Fat ◽

Sex Steroids ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Visceral Adiposity ◽

Prader Willi Syndrome ◽

Fasting Insulin ◽

Glucose Ratio

Visceral obesity is detrimental to health, but the mechanisms controlling body fat distribution are not fully understood. In premenopausal adult females (30 nonobese, 14 obese [body mass index> 30kg/m2]), variance in fasting insulin, glucose, insulin/glucose ratio, C-peptide/insulin ratio, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio, were independently influenced by visceral but not total sc or abdominal sc adipose tissue, as measured by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging. Adult females with Prader-Willi syndrome (n = 13) had significantly reduced visceral adiposity, compared with obese controls (visceral/total sc adipose tissue ratio: 0.067 ± 0.017 vs. 0.108 ± 0.021), independent of their total adiposity (P < 0.001), or use of exogenous sex steroids. This is in contrast to that expected by their physical inactivity, hypogonadism, adult GH deficiency, and psychiatric problems. Females with Prader-Willi syndrome not receiving sex steroids (n = 8) had significantly reduced fasting insulin, insulin/glucose ratio, and triglycerides and increased C-peptide/insulin ratio, compared with obese controls, adjusting for total (P < 0.05) but not visceral adiposity (P = 0.3–0.6), supporting their association. The cause of the reduced visceral adiposity in Prader-Willi syndrome may reflect novel hormonal, hypothalamic, and/or genetic influences on body fat distribution.

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