Habitat correlates of distribution and local population decline of the endemic Sardinian newt Euproctus platycephalus

2004 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Lecis ◽  
Ken Norris
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Population Decline

scholarly journals Quality of life of the population resident at the radioactively contaminated area in Zhytomyr Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-483
Author(s):  
L. D. Romanchuk ◽  
L. O. Herasymchuk ◽  
S. P. Kovalyova ◽  
Yu. V. Kovalchuk ◽  
O. V. Lopatyuk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Health Directorate

The article provides the assessment of the quality of life of the population resident at the radioactively contaminated areas of the Yemilchyno, Malyn, Korosten, Narodychi, Olevsk, Luhyny and Ovruch raions of the Zhytomyr region. The basis for the study and assessment of the quality of life of the population of radioactively contaminated administrative raions of the Zhytomyr region were the statistical data of the Main Directorate of Statistics in Zhytomyr Region, the Health Directorate of Zhytomyr Region State Administration, as well as our own results of a sociological survey. It was established that for the period between 2002 and 2018, the population of radioactively contaminated areas decreased by 24.7% (maximum values are representative of Malyn and Korosten raions). Natural population decline rates in rural settlements exceeded the corresponding values for urban settlements from 1.4 (Malyn raion) to 13 times (Olevsk raion). There is also the aging of the population, the largest share of the elderly (65 years old and older) - 21.7% and 20.8% are resident in the Korosten and Narodychi raions. The values of birth rates (7.5 (Ovruch raion) - 13 (Olevsk raion) per 1,000 of present population) did not have a positive effect on the demographic situation as a whole because of the high mortality rate exceeding the birth rate by 1.1 (Olevsk raion) - 2.9 times (Malyn raion). The main causes of death are diseases of the circulatory system (75.4%), cancer (10%) and external factors (7.3%). It was noted that there is a deterioration of the health of the local population; they pointed out that diseases related to the ChNPP accident include cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the circulatory, nervous and endocrine systems, diseases of bones and joints, headaches. The living conditions of the population resident at the radioactively contaminated areas of Zhytomyr region are unsatisfactory, which is confirmed by both objective data and subjective assessments of the residents themselves. The housing stock is outdated and it needs renovation. In order to improve the quality of life of the population of radioactively contaminated territories in the Zhytomyr region, it is necessary to reform the state policy, to provide financial support for their revival and creation of normal living and reproduction conditions for the population.

scholarly journals Predicting how populations decline to extinction

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1577) ◽  
pp. 2577-2586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Collen ◽  
Louise McRae ◽  
Stefanie Deinet ◽  
Adriana De Palma ◽  
Tharsila Carranza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Trend Data

Global species extinction typically represents the endpoint in a long sequence of population declines and local extinctions. In comparative studies of extinction risk of contemporary mammalian species, there appear to be some universal traits that may predispose taxa to an elevated risk of extinction. In local population-level studies, there are limited insights into the process of population decline and extinction. Moreover, there is still little appreciation of how local processes scale up to global patterns. Advancing the understanding of factors which predispose populations to rapid declines will benefit proactive conservation and may allow us to target at-risk populations as well as at-risk species. Here, we take mammalian population trend data from the largest repository of population abundance trends, and combine it with the PanTHERIA database on mammal traits to answer the question: what factors can be used to predict decline in mammalian abundance? We find in general that environmental variables are better determinants of cross-species population-level decline than intrinsic biological traits. For effective conservation, we must not only describe which species are at risk and why, but also prescribe ways to counteract this.

scholarly journals A instalação da UFRB, a ação do Programa Monumenta e o turismo étnico na reestruturação urbana e no cotidiano de Cachoeira-BA: Notas preliminares de pesquisa

GeoTextos ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendel Henrique
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Ethnic Tourism ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
New Students ◽  
State Programs ◽  
The City

No Recôncavo Baiano cidades médias e pequenas, antigos centros da economia urbana e regional, após décadas de estagnação econômica e esvaziamento populacional recebem atenção do Estado através de programas e ações que visam resgatar o desenvolvimento econômico perdido para os novos nós da rede urbana desta região. Em Cachoeira (32.252 habitantes) programas e ações federais e estaduais, envolvendo uma grande quantidade de investimentos, estão sendo implementados na reestruturação urbana (requalificação e refuncionalização do casario histórico) e na geração de renda e emprego através do incentivo aos serviços e comércios ligados ao ensino superior e ao turismo, como o campus da recém criada Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (Ministério da Educação), o Programa Monumenta (Ministério da Cultura) e o Projeto de Turismo Étnico (Ministério do Turismo). Os novos moradores de Cachoeira, bem como os estudantes universitários que passam o dia na cidade, geralmente possuem maior renda e acabam levando a um aumento expressivo dos valores cobrados para aquisição e aluguel de imóveis. Há modificação na estrutura do emprego e na construção de infraestruturas para atender as novas funções e serviços. Constatamos processos de exclusão social/econômica e segregação de parte da população, que fica, assim, à margem do desenvolvimento socioeconômico que se pretende, além de ocasionar modificações profundas no cotidiano dos moradores. Abstract THE ROLE OF THE INSTALLATION OF UFRB, THE ACTION OF MONUMENTA PROGRAM AND THE ETHNIC TOURISM IN THE URBAN RESTRUCTURING AND EVERYDAY LIFE OF CACHOEIRA-BA PRELIMINARY APPOINTMENTS OF RESEARCH In the region of the Reconcavo of Bahia, medium and small cities, older centers of the urban and regional economy, after decades of economic stagnation and population decline, receive attention from the Govern through programs and action which intend to rescue the lost economic development for the new knots of the urban system in this region. In Cachoeira (32,252 inhabitants) Federal and State programs and actions, as the campus of the Federal University of Reconcavo of Bahia(Ministry of Education), the Monumenta Program (Ministry of the Culture) and the Project of Ethnic Tourism (Ministry of Tourism), involving a great amount of investments, are implementing in order to promote the urban reorganization, requalification and refunctionalization of the historical buildings, generation of income and job, through the incentive of services and commerce linked to the offer of higher education and the tourism. The new inhabitants, as well as the new students, who pass just hours in the city and generally possess greater income than the local population, are stimulating the increase of the values of rent and acquisition of housing. We find an important modification in the job structure and in the infrastructure of the city, bringing new functions and services. Processes of economic and social exclusion, as well the segregation of part of the local population, are evidenced. The oldest inhabitants are in the border of the new urban, social and economic development.

scholarly journals High variability in patterns of population decline: the importance of local processes in species extinctions

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1654) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Cowlishaw ◽  
Richard A Pettifor ◽  
Nick J.B Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Small Body ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Habitat Disturbance ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Ecological Requirements

A fundamental goal of conservation science is to improve conservation practice. Understanding species extinction patterns has been a central approach towards this objective. However, uncertainty remains about the extent to which species-level patterns reliably indicate population phenomena at the scale of local sites, where conservation ultimately takes place. Here, we explore the importance of both species- and site-specific components of variation in local population declines following habitat disturbance, and test a suite of hypotheses about their intrinsic and extrinsic drivers. To achieve these goals, we analyse an unusually detailed global dataset for species responses to habitat disturbance, namely primates in timber extraction systems, using cross-classified generalized linear mixed models. We show that while there are consistent differences in the severity of local population decline between species, an equal amount of variation also occurs between sites. The tests of our hypotheses further indicate that a combination of biological traits at the species level, and environmental factors at the site level, can help to explain these patterns. Specifically, primate populations show a more marked decline when the species is characterized by slow reproduction, high ecological requirements, low ecological flexibility and small body size; and when the local environment has had less time for recovery following disturbance. Our results demonstrate that individual species show a highly heterogeneous, yet explicable, pattern of decline. The increased recognition and elucidation of local-scale processes in species declines will improve our ability to conserve biodiversity in the future.

scholarly journals First indications of a sharp population decline in the globally threatened Spoon-billed Sandpiper Eurynorhynchus pygmeus

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Tomkovich ◽  
E. E. Syroechkovski, Jr. ◽  
E. G. Lappo ◽  
C. Zöckler
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Population Estimate ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Population Size Estimate ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Anadyr Estuary

Spoon-billed Sandpiper Eurynorhynchus pygmeus is classed as globally Vulnerable, based on the only available population estimate, made in 1977, of 2,000–2,800 pairs. Surveys for breeding Spoon-billed Sandpipers were carried out in summer 2000 on the Anadyr estuary coast, the Chukotka autonomous region, Russia. Although six new breeding sites were found, only 16–17 breeding males/pairs were recorded on the northern coast of the Anadyr estuary and five males/pairs on the southern coast and more southerly lagoons. These numbers were much lower than expected, and the species was not recorded in several apparently suitable areas. Four formerly known breeding sites held only one displaying male between them. At no site was there evidence of an increasing or stable local population. Together with other indicative data these suggest a sharp decline in the population of Spoon-billed Sandpiper. The previous population size estimate obviously requires updating, both because there were some incorrect assumptions in the calculations made for the first population estimate, and also due to a recent population decline. It is likely that the current population numbers under 1,000 breeding pairs. Given that the population of this species may be substantially lower than the only previous estimate, and the evidence for a possible rapid decline in its population described in this paper, it is recommended that its IUCN status is changed from Vulnerable to Endangered. No reasons for the apparent rapid rate of decline are evident within the breeding range. “Bottle-necks” should be looked for at migration sites or wintering grounds, but currently, monitoring of the population is only possible on the breeding grounds.

scholarly journals Potential effects of triclosan on spatial displacement and local population decline of the fish Poecilia reticulata using a non-forced system

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C.V.R. Silva ◽  
Cristiano V.M. Araújo ◽  
Julio C. López-Doval ◽  
Morun B. Neto ◽  
Flávio T. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Spatial Displacement

scholarly journals Areas for the connectivity of Chaco peccary (Catagonus wagneri) populations at the southern limit of their distribution in the Argentine Chaco / Áreas para a conectividade de populações de pecari do Chaco (Catagonus wagneri) no limite sul de sua distribuição no Chaco Argentino

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 2297-2319
Author(s):  
Federico Fernando Rivas ◽  
Miguel M. Brassiolo ◽  
Ivan Crespo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Fragmented Distribution ◽  
Tree Coverage ◽  
Priority Habitat

The area of geographical distribution of mammal populations in the Argentine Chaco ecoregion is being increasingly reduced and this is mainly due to the progressive destruction of habitats. In this context, several species have been affected, among which is the endemic Catagonus wagneri (Tayassuidae), currently classified as "endangered" and with a trend of population decline. In this work, the predictions estimated by three algorithms were compared to establish the potential geographic distribution of this species at the southern limit of its natural distribution. Priority locations for landscape connectivity were identified by comparing intrinsic variations in the PC index based on data classification methods. With the use of foot transects, trap cameras and surveys with the local population, the presence of chacoan peccary was recorded on 25 occasions. From the GLM, Random Forest and Maxent algorithms (mean AUC 0.74), a reference model was obtained. Using it as an input and the PC index, the variation in the importance of the connectivity surfaces of the landscape was evaluated using three classification methods: quantile, equal interval and natural breaks. The consensus model (SDM) occupies 55,674 km2 of Argentina, representing 10% of the Chaco Seco ecoregion. The distribution occupies not only forest ecosystems, but also environments with less tree coverage. Coefficients of variation of 170% were recorded between the classification methods for the number of patches of classes 9 and 10 of the priority habitat for landscape connectivity. The SDM shows a fragmented distribution in line with the Chaco's land use change process.The results suggest a great variability of the PC index depending on the method of classifying data in class intervals, an aspect that was not discussed in previous studies.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF THE SPATIAL VARIATIONS OF LOCAL POPULATIONS FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF URBAN STRUCTURE ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol V-4-2021 ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
K. Kumagai ◽  
Y. Kameda
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis ◽  
Autocorrelation Analysis ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. In Japan, population decline is one of the important issues that need to be tackled in socioeconomic fields. We apply an analysis method composed of a spatial autocorrelation analysis to the local population data generated through the 1995 and 2015 national census, and try to detect their spatial dynamics in this study. Through making experimental verification of the distance parameter of the spatial autocorrelation analysis, we newly define 2 indices with respect to the size and area where lower local populations are distributed in urbanized areas. It is shown that the local population dynamics are described by the difference of the 2 indices among 1995 and 2015. The expansion of areas where local population decline occurred seems to be detected by our proposed approach.

scholarly journals Biologically Active Extracts from Different Medicinal Plants Tested as Potential Additives against Bee Pathogens

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 960
Author(s):  
Claudia Pașca ◽  
Ioana Adriana Matei ◽  
Zorița Diaconeasa ◽  
Ancuța Rotaru ◽  
Silvio Erler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Evernia Prunastri ◽  
Ascosphaera Apis ◽  
Brevibacillus Laterosporus

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) perform pollination service for many agricultural crops and contribute to the global economy in agriculture and bee products. However, honey bee health is an ongoing concern, as illustrated by persistent local population decline, caused by some severe bee diseases (e.g., nosemosis, AFB, EFB, chalkbrood). Three natural recipes are in development based on the bioactive compounds of different plants extract (Agastache foeniculum, Artemisia absinthium, Evernia prunastri, Humulus lupulus, Laurus nobilis, Origanum vulgare and Vaccinium myrtillus), characterised by HPLC-PDA. The antimicrobial activity of these recipes was tested in vitro against Paenibacillus larvae, Paenibacillus alvei, Brevibacillus laterosporus, Enterococcus faecalis, Ascosphaera apis and in vivo against Nosema ceranae. A mix of 20% blueberry, 40% absinthium, 10% oakmoss, 10% oregano, 10% Brewers Gold hops, 5% bay laurel and 5% anise hyssop extract showed the strongest antibacterial and antifungal activity. Combing several highly active plant extracts might be an alternative treatment against bee-disease-associated parasites and pathogens, in particular to replace synthetic antibiotics.

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