The Hox gene Ultrabithorax modulates the shape and size of the third leg of Drosophila by influencing diverse mechanisms

AbstractPolystoma nacialtuneli n. sp. is described from the urinary bladder of the eastern spadefoot, Pelobates syriacus from Turkey. This is the fifth polystome species known from Turkey and the third species in Pelobates. We show that this new parasite species can be distinguished from other polystome species in the area by a combination of characteristics, including parasite size and the shape and size of the hamuli. Polystoma pelobatis from Pelobates cultripes has a pair of well-developed hamuli, while P. fuscus from Pe. fuscus characteristically has a pair of underdeveloped hamuli barely larger than the marginal hooklets. Polystoma nacialtuneli n. sp. has well-developed hamuli that vary significantly in shape. Phylogenetic relationships of P. nacialtuneli n. sp. within Polystoma, supplemented with molecular divergences estimated from internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences, indicate that they are well separated from their closest relatives, i.e. P. fuscus and P. pelobatis from Pe. fuscus and Pe. cultripes, respectively.

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Description of Ruehmaphelenchus thailandae n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) found in dunnage from Thailand

Nematology ◽

10.1163/138855410x498888 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 869-876 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jianfeng Gu ◽

Jiangling Wang

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Body Length ◽

Rflp Pattern ◽

Species Status ◽

Separate Species ◽

Lateral Field ◽

The Third ◽

Female Tail ◽

Males And Females ◽

Shape And Size

AbstractRuehmaphelenchus thailandae n. sp., isolated from deciduous dunnage from Thailand, is described and figured. The new species is characterised by the relatively stout body (a = 28.6 and 27.6 for males and females, respectively), three lines in the lateral field, spicules relatively small (12.0-13.3 μm) with weakly developed condylus and rostrum, bursa absent, vulva located at 79.5% of body length, vulval lips slightly swollen, length of post-uterine branch more than half of vulva to anus distance, female tail conoid, ca two anal body diam. long and with a broad terminal process up to 12 μm long. The new species is the third known for the genus. It can be distinguished from R. martinii and R. asiaticus mainly by the different shape and size of its spicules and different shape of the female tail terminus. The separate species status is also supported by ITS-RFLP pattern. Additional measurements of paratype R. asiaticus are appended.

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DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAL ARRENURUS BARTONENSIS COOK, ARRENURUS BIRGEI MARSHALL, ARRENURUS NEOBIRGEI COOK, AND ARRENURUS ROTUNDUS MARSHALL (ACARI: HYDRACHNIDIA; ARRENURIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent12277-1 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 122 (1) ◽

pp. 77-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Bruce P. Smith

Keyword(s):

Excretory Pore ◽

The Other ◽

Dorsal Plate ◽

The Third ◽

First Time ◽

Shape And Size

AbstractLarvae of Arrenurus bartonensis Cook, Arrenurus birgei Marshall, Arrenurus neobirgei Cook, and Arrenurus rotundus Marshall are described for the first time. Larvae of A. rotundus can be distinguished reliably from the other three by differences in morphology. Larvae of A. bartonensis, A. birgei, and A. neobirgei are very similar, but can be separated by comparing shape and size of the excretory pore plate, and by measurements of the dorsal plate and the tarsus of the third leg.

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Study of Ship Design Maninjau Lake Tourism by Using Catamaran Hull Type and Fiberglass Material

Teknomekanik ◽

10.24036/tm.v2i2.3072 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 24-28

Author(s):

Ar Trisyaldi ◽

Purwantono Purwantono ◽

Waskito Waskito ◽

Primawati Primawati ◽

Syahril Syahril

Keyword(s):

Ship Design ◽

Design Methods ◽

Type Analysis ◽

The Third ◽

Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽

Hull Design ◽

Fiberglass Material ◽

Dimension Ratio ◽

Shape And Size

Maninjau lake uses ships designed in a simple way without significant innovation from time to time. This case is caused by design methods that are based on hereditary knowledge from generations to generations, so that the ships that are made tend to have the same shape and size. Innovation is needed to get a higher level of efficiency and effectiveness on a ship. The innovation that needs to be done is the design of ships with a multi-hull shape or catamaran. The pre-design of the catamaran hull is based on using the comparation method as the dimension ratio of the ship, so that the dimensions of the ship are LWL = 4 m; LPP = 3.96 m; B = 1.7 m; B1 = 0.36 m; D = 0.7 m; d = 0.307 m. After that, testing the resistance (resistance) while determining the amount of Power needed. The next step is to analyze Stability and Seakeeping to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of the hull type. Analysis carried out on this type of hull was applied to several models, then the best hull design was found. Each design is distinguished by hull shape, but has the same displacement which is equal to 0.448 tons. The first model of the catamaran hull with the type of Flat Inside Symmetry; second with the type of symmetry Flat Outside; and the third type with gastric Asymmetry.

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I.—The Genus Primula: Section Farinosae

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s0080456800018044 ◽

1944 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 1-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

W. Wright Smith ◽

H. R. Fletcher

Keyword(s):

Detailed Analysis ◽

Fundamental Difference ◽

Point Of View ◽

Cytological Evidence ◽

The Third ◽

The Past ◽

Cytological Data ◽

Representative Species ◽

Valid Evidence ◽

Shape And Size

The section Farinosae was first denned by Pax (1) in 1889 with citation of P. farinosa and P. sibirica as representative species. He published at the same time his section Auriculatae. The only distinction given of apparent moment between the two sections is the shape and size of the capsule. In Auriculatae it is globose and included in the calyx, while in Farinosae it is cylindric and more or less exserted. This diagnostic character was found to be unsatisfactory, with the result that in 1905 Pax (2) in his Monograph combined the two sections under Farinosae. There was still an undercurrent of opinion that a division was justified, and at the Third Primula Conference in 1913 Bayley Balfour (3) reverted to the previous arrangement without, however, any stated reasons. At the Fourth Primula Conference held in 1928 the sections of the genus were reviewed by Smith and Forrest (4), who again subordinated Auriculatae to Farinosae. In 1932 appeared Bruun's Cytological Studies in Primula (5), with a detailed analysis of the species then available in cultivation. Here valid evidence was given that certain species assessed in the past as within Auriculatae did differ cytologically from the general run of species included without question in the Farinosae. But the cytological evidence taken alone tends to associate these Auriculatae with other species quite dissimilar from the broad morphological point of view. The problem is referred to again by Wright Smith (6) in his Hooker Lecture, where it is admitted that the cytological data do support the view that there is a degree of fundamental difference between the two sections. But the difficulty still remains of finding satisfactory macroscopic distinctions. The present authors have come to the conclusion that it is better to keep both under the general heading Farinosae rather than to separate them by slender and often misleading characters supported as these may be by the cytology. In any case much remains to be done on the cytological side, as the majority of the species are yet to be analysed, and for general purposes the incorporation of the cytological data in an analytical key would not be satisfactory.

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Concept of Reverse Micelle Method For the Synthesis of Nano-Structured Materials

Current Nanoscience ◽

10.2174/1573413714666180611075115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 129-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Irfan Hussain Lone ◽

Nagi R.E. Radwan ◽

Jeenat Aslam ◽

Arifa Akhter

Keyword(s):

Reverse Micelle ◽

Chemical Method ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Structured Materials ◽

Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽

The Third ◽

Nanoparticles Synthesis ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Synthesis Of Nanomaterials ◽

Shape And Size

Synthesis of nanomaterials with desired shape and size is very important for their potential applications. The properties of the nanoparticles synthesis not only vary with size but also changes with shape and morphology which in turn depends on the synthesis methods. There are many synthesis methods but among them reverse micellar method is one of the interesting chemical method and is very useful technique for the synthesis of nanoparticles with desired shape and size. In this method revere micelles are formed by least three components; two of them are non-miscible and the third one is called surfactant which is characterized by amphiphilic properties.

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Centenarium

Libyan Studies ◽

10.1017/lis.2014.10 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 49-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Massimiliano Munzi ◽

Giancarlo Schirru ◽

Ignazio Tantillo

Keyword(s):

Iberian Peninsula ◽

Third Century ◽

Precise Meaning ◽

The Third ◽

Linguistic Evidence ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Military ◽

Shape And Size

AbstractThe neuter substantivecentenariumappears in a series of documents to designate a particular type of building. The etymology and precise meaning of this word have long been debated by scholars, who have proposed a wide range of explanations, none of which appears to be entirely satisfactory. In this paper, we put forward a different solution, taking into account textual, archaeological and linguistic evidence. In our opinion, the wordcentenariumcomes fromcentenum, which means a kind of a cereal; thus,centenariumindicates a ‘fortified grain-house’. It seems probable that originalcentenariawere military structures of varying shape and size, first created in the third century and then spreading in the Tetrarchic period. They appear to be distinctive of the African provinces, from which comes most of the evidence, but one cannot exclude that the same name was applied to similar structures in other parts of the Empire (such as in the Iberian Peninsula, for instance). The militarycentenariawere later imitated by private landlords – maybe even indigenous chieftains in charge of the defence of sectors of the frontier – who transferred the name to their unofficial or para-official defensive structures. This process of emulation was already advanced in Constantinian age.

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Wing Hearts in Four-Winged Ultrabithorax-mutant Flies—the role of Hox genes in wing heart specification

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/iyab191 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Markus Tögel ◽

Günther Pass ◽

Achim Paululat

Keyword(s):

Progenitor Cells ◽

Hox Genes ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Thoracic Segment ◽

Regulatory Activity ◽

Evolutionary Novelty ◽

Wild Type ◽

Hox Gene ◽

The Third

Abstract Wings are probably the most advanced evolutionary novelty in insects. The development of wings requires the activity of so-called wing hearts located in the scutellum of the thorax. Immediately after the imaginal ecdysis, these accessory circulatory organs remove haemolymph and apoptotic epidermal cells from the premature wing through their pumping action. This clearing process is essential for the formation of functional wing blades. Mutant Drosophila that lack intact wing hearts are flightless and display malformed wings. The embryonic wing heart progenitors originate from two adjacent parasegments corresponding to the later thoracic segments T2 and T3. However, the adult dipterian fly harbors only one pair of wing hearts and also only one pair of wings located in thoracic segment T2. Here we show, that the specification of wing heart progenitors depends on the regulatory activity of the Hox gene Ultrabithorax. Furthermore, we analysed the development of four wing hearts in the famous four-winged Ultrabithorax (Ubx) mutant, which was first discovered by Ed Lewis in the 1970s. In these flies, the third thoracic segment (T3) is transformed into a second thoracic segment (HT2). This results in a second pair of wings instead of the club-shaped halteres normally formed by T3. We show that a second pair of wild-type wing hearts is formed in the four-winged fly and that all wing hearts originate from the wild-type progenitor cells.

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Improvement of clinical protocols for diagnostics and orthodontic treatment of dental anomalies taking into account individual morphological features

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2021-12-48-54 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (12) ◽

pp. 48-54

Author(s):

T. S. Kochkonyan ◽

V. V. Shkarin ◽

D. A. Domenyuk ◽

D. S. Dmitrienko ◽

A. M. Potryasova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Anterior Part ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Clinical Protocols ◽

Dental Anomalies ◽

The Third ◽

Plaster Models ◽

Shape And Size

Biometric studies of plaster models of the jaws and cone-beam computed tomography were carried out in 72 people of the first period of adulthood with a full set of permanent teeth and physiological varieties of occlusal relationships of dental arches. Patients, depending on the location of the incisors, are divided into three groups. The first group included patients with a mesotrusive incisor position and an inter-incisor angle of 130–140°. The second group consisted of people with physiological protrusion of the incisors and the parameters of the inter-incisal angle less than 130°. In patients of the third group, the value of the inter-incisal angle was more than 140ы°, and physiological retrusion of the incisors was noted. Analysis of the morphometric study of the anterior part of the dental arches showed the dependence of its shape and size on the vestibular-lingual inclination (torque) of the incisors. In people with the mesotrusive type of arches, the correspondence between the intercanine and premolar distances was determined. In people with protrusive type of arches, an increase in the distance between the canines was noted, compared to the distance between the premolars by more than 2 mm, and a decrease in the intercanine size by 2 mm is characteristic of people with the retrusive type of arches. The obtained data on the features of the parameters of the anterior part of the dental arches can be used as express diagnostics of the type of dental arches.

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On the Interaction of Side-By-Side Circular Cylinders in Viscoplastic Fluids

Fluids ◽

10.3390/fluids4020093 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naser Hamedi ◽

Lars-Göran Westerberg

Keyword(s):

Reynolds Number ◽

Functional Dependence ◽

Separation Distance ◽

Bingham Fluid ◽

Circular Cylinders ◽

Bingham Number ◽

The Third ◽

Drag Forces ◽

Static Interaction ◽

Shape And Size

In this paper, the static interaction of a train of three cylinders in a Bingham fluid is studied numerically using Computational Fluid Dynamics. The variation of drag forces for the cylinders in several configurations is investigated. Positions of the particles in relation to the reference particle are recognized by the separation distance between the cylinders. A steady state field is considered, with Bingham numbers between 5 and 150. Several separation distances (d) were considered, such that 2.0D ≤ d ≤ 6.0D where D is the cylinder diameter. The Reynolds number was chosen in the range of 5 ≤ Re ≤ 40. In particular, the effect of the separation distance, Reynolds number and Bingham number on the shape and size of the unyielded regions was investigated. The functional dependence of this region and the drag coefficient is explored. The present results reveal the significant influence of the gap between the cylinders on the drag force and the shape of the unyielded regions surrounding the cylinders. It was found that there are several configurations in which the drag forces over the first and the third cylinders are almost equal depending on variation of the Bi, Re and the separation distance.

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