scholarly journals Three new nuclear genes, sigD , sigE and sigF , encoding putative plastid RNA polymerase σ factors in Arabidopsis thaliana

FEBS Letters ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 481 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Fujiwara ◽  
Akitomo Nagashima ◽  
Kengo Kanamaru ◽  
Kan Tanaka ◽  
Hideo Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Plastid Rna Polymerase

scholarly journals Characterization of the Plastid RNA Polymerase Complex

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangyool Lee ◽  
Sun Hyun Chang ◽  
Taeyoung Um ◽  
Geupil Jang ◽  
Ju-Kon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Polymerase Complex ◽  
Plastid Rna Polymerase

Synthesis of complementary RNA by RNA-dependent RNA polymerases in plant extracts is independent of an RNA primer

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Neil A. Smith ◽  
Lan Zhang ◽  
Elizabeth S. Dennis ◽  
Peter M. Waterhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
The Individual

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) activities were readily detected in extracts from cauliflower and broccoli florets, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh callus tissue and broccoli nuclei. The synthesis of complementary RNA (cRNA) was independent of a RNA primer, whether or not the primer contained a 3′ terminal 2′-O-methyl group or was phosphorylated at the 5′ terminus. cRNA synthesis in plant extracts was not affected by loss-of-function mutations in the DICER-LIKE (DCL) proteins DCL2, DCL3, and DCL4, indicating that RDRs function independently of these DCL proteins. A loss-of-function mutation in RDR1, RDR2 or RDR6 did not significantly reduce the amount of cRNA synthesis. This indicates that these RDRs did not account for the bulk RDR activities in plant extracts, and suggest that either the individual RDRs each contribute a fraction of polymerase activity or another RDR(s) is predominant in the plant extract.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis Plastid-RNA Polymerase RPOTp Is Involved in Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 834
Author(s):  
Abel Lidón-Soto ◽  
Eva Núñez-Delegido ◽  
Iván Pastor-Martínez ◽  
Pedro Robles ◽  
Víctor Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Retrograde Signaling ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Plastid Rna Polymerase

Plastid gene expression (PGE) must adequately respond to changes in both development and environmental cues. The transcriptional machinery of plastids in land plants is far more complex than that of prokaryotes. Two types of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases transcribe the plastid genome: a multimeric plastid-encoded polymerase (PEP), and a monomeric nuclear-encoded polymerase (NEP). A single NEP in monocots (RPOTp, RNA polymerase of the T3/T7 phage-type) and two NEPs in dicots (plastid-targeted RPOTp, and plastid- and mitochondrial-targeted RPOTmp) have been hitherto identified. To unravel the role of PGE in plant responses to abiotic stress, we investigated if Arabidopsis RPOTp could function in plant salt tolerance. To this end, we studied the sensitivity of T-DNA mutants scabra3-2 (sca3-2) and sca3-3, defective in the RPOTp gene, to salinity, osmotic stress and the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) required for plants to adapt to abiotic stress. sca3 mutants were hypersensitive to NaCl, mannitol and ABA during germination and seedling establishment. Later in development, sca3 plants displayed reduced sensitivity to salt stress. A gene ontology (GO) analysis of the nuclear genes differentially expressed in the sca3-2 mutant (301) revealed that many significantly enriched GO terms were related to chloroplast function, and also to the response to several abiotic stresses. By quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), we found that genes LHCB1 (LIGHT-HARVESTING CHLOROPHYLL a/b-BINDING1) and AOX1A (ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE 1A) were respectively down- and up-regulated in the Columbia-0 (Col-0) salt-stressed plants, which suggests the activation of plastid and mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde signaling. The transcript levels of genes RPOTp, RPOTmp and RPOTm significantly increased in these salt-stressed seedlings, but this enhanced expression did not lead to the up-regulation of the plastid genes solely transcribed by NEP. Similar to salinity, carotenoid inhibitor norflurazon (NF) also enhanced the RPOTp transcript levels in Col-0 seedlings. This shows that besides salinity, inhibition of chloroplast biogenesis also induces RPOTp expression. Unlike salt and NF, the NEP genes were significantly down-regulated in the Col-0 seedlings grown in ABA-supplemented media. Together, our findings demonstrate that RPOTp functions in abiotic stress tolerance, and RPOTp is likely regulated positively by plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling, which is triggered when chloroplast functionality is perturbed by environmental stresses, e.g., salinity or NF. This suggests the existence of a compensatory mechanism, elicited by impaired chloroplast function. To our knowledge, this is the first study to suggest the role of a nuclear-encoded plastid-RNA polymerase in salt stress tolerance in plants.

scholarly journals Cytokinin-Regulated Expression of Arabidopsis thaliana PAP Genes and Its Implication for the Expression of Chloroplast-Encoded Genes

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1658
Author(s):  
Aleksandra A. Andreeva ◽  
Radomira Vankova ◽  
Ivan A. Bychkov ◽  
Natalia V. Kudryakova ◽  
Maria N. Danilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Regulatory Circuit ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Plastid Rna Polymerase ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Cytokinins (CKs) are known to regulate the biogenesis of chloroplasts under changing environmental conditions and at different stages of plant ontogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Apparently, the mechanisms can be duplicated in several ways, including the influence of nuclear genes that determine the expression of plastome through the two-component CK regulatory circuit. In this study, we evaluated the role of cytokinins and CK signaling pathway on the expression of nuclear genes for plastid RNA polymerase-associated proteins (PAPs). Cytokinin induced the expression of all twelve Arabidopsis thalianaPAP genes irrespective of their functions via canonical CK signaling pathway but this regulation might be indirect taking into consideration their different functions and versatile structure of promoter regions. The disruption of PAP genes contributed to the abolishment of positive CK effect on the accumulation of the chloroplast gene transcripts and transcripts of the nuclear genes for plastid transcription machinery as can be judged from the analysis of pap1 and pap6 mutants. However, the CK regulatory circuit in the mutants remained practically unperturbed. Knock-out of PAP genes resulted in cytokinin overproduction as a consequence of the strong up-regulation of the genes for CK synthesis.

Arabidopsis thaliana RNA polymerase II subunits related to yeast and human RPB5

Gene ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 231 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Larkin ◽  
G. Hagen ◽  
T.J. Guilfoyle
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii

scholarly journals Glucose repression of yeast mitochondrial transcription: kinetics of derepression and role of nuclear genes.

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1160-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
T L Ulery ◽  
S H Jang ◽  
J A Jaehning
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Glucose Repression ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Mitochondrial Rna ◽  
Pulse Labelling ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Copy Number ◽  
Mitochondrial Transcript

Yeast mitochondrial transcript and gene product abundance has been observed to increase upon release from glucose repression, but the mechanism of regulation of this process has not been determined. We report a kinetic analysis of this phenomenon, which demonstrates that the abundance of all classes of mitochondrial RNA changes slowly relative to changes observed for glucose-repressed nuclear genes. Several cell doublings are required to achieve the 2- to 20-fold-higher steady-state levels observed after a shift to a nonrepressing carbon source. Although we observed that in some yeast strains the mitochondrial DNA copy number also increases upon derepression, this does not seem to play the major role in increased RNA abundance. Instead we found that three- to sevenfold increases in RNA synthesis rates, measured by in vivo pulse-labelling experiments, do correlate with increased transcript abundance. We found that mutations in the SNF1 and REG1 genes, which are known to affect the expression of many nuclear genes subject to glucose repression, affect derepression of mitochondrial transcript abundance. These genes do not appear to regulate mitochondrial transcript levels via regulation of the nuclear genes RPO41 and MTF1, which encode the subunits of the mitochondrial RNA polymerase. We conclude that a nuclear gene-controlled factor(s) in addition to the two RNA polymerase subunits must be involved in glucose repression of mitochondrial transcript abundance.

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