Static electrification of solid oxide in liquid metal and electrical double layer at the interface

We report an oxidized liquid metal droplet-based energy harvester that converts acoustic energy into electrical energy by modulating an electrical double layer that originates from the deformation of the oxidized liquid metal droplet. Gallium-based liquid metal alloy has been developed for various applications owing to the outstanding material properties, such as its high electrical conductivity (metallic property) and unlimited deformability (liquid property). In this study, we demonstrated energy harvesting using an electrical double layer between the acoustic wave-modulated liquid metal droplet and two electrodes. The proposed energy harvester consisted of top and bottom electrodes covered with the dielectric layer and a Gallium-based liquid metal droplet placed between the electrodes. When we applied an external bias voltage and acoustic wave to the proposed device, the contact area between the liquid metal droplet and the electrodes changed, leading to the variation of the capacitance in the electrical double layer and the generation of electrical output current. Using the proposed energy harvester, the maximum output current of 41.2 nA was generated with an applied acoustic wave of 30 Hz. In addition, we studied the relationships between the maximum output current and a variety of factors, such as the size of the liquid metal droplet, the thickness of the hydrophobic layer, and the distance between the top and bottom electrode plates.

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Novel Utility-interactive Electrical Energy Storage System by Electrical Double Layer Capacitors and an Error Tracking Mode PWM Converter

IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications ◽

10.1541/ieejias.118.1417 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 118 (12) ◽

pp. 1417-1426 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Masaaki OHSHIMA ◽

Masaaki SHIMIZU ◽

Masahiko SHIMIZU ◽

Masaaki YAMAGISHI ◽

Michio OKAMURA

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Double Layer ◽

Electrical Double Layer ◽

Storage System ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Energy Storage System ◽

Pwm Converter ◽

Electrical Energy Storage ◽

Electrical Double Layer Capacitors ◽

Double Layer Capacitors

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Modeling the Electrical Double Layer to Understand the Reaction Environment in a CO2 Electrocatalytic System

10.26434/chemrxiv.9206075.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Divya Bohra ◽

Jehanzeb Chaudhry ◽

Thomas Burdyny ◽

Evgeny Pidko ◽

wilson smith

Keyword(s):

Electric Field ◽

Double Layer ◽

Electrical Double Layer ◽

Surface Reaction ◽

Catalyst Surface ◽

Local Reaction ◽

Reaction Diffusion ◽

Alkali Metal Cations ◽

Applied Potential ◽

Critical Aspect

The environment of a CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER) catalyst is intimately coupled with the surface reaction energetics and is therefore a critical aspect of the overall system performance. The immediate reaction environment of the electrocatalyst constitutes the electrical double layer (EDL) which extends a few nanometers into the electrolyte and screens the surface charge density. In this study, we resolve the species concentrations and potential profiles in the EDL of a CO2ER system by self-consistently solving the migration, diffusion and reaction phenomena using the generalized modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck (GMPNP) equations which include the effect of volume exclusion due to the solvated size of solution species. We demonstrate that the concentration of solvated cations builds at the outer Helmholtz plane (OHP) with increasing applied potential until the steric limit is reached. The formation of the EDL is expected to have important consequences for the transport of the CO2 molecule to the catalyst surface. The electric field in the EDL diminishes the pH in the first 5 nm from the OHP, with an accumulation of protons and a concomitant depletion of hydroxide ions. This is a considerable departure from the results obtained using reaction-diffusion models where migration is ignored. Finally, we use the GMPNP model to compare the nature of the EDL for different alkali metal cations to show the effect of solvated size and polarization of water on the resultant electric field. Our results establish the significance of the EDL and electrostatic forces in defining the local reaction environment of CO2 electrocatalysts.

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Electrical Double Layer Formation on Glassy Carbon in Aqueous Solution

Electrochimica Acta ◽

10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138416 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 138416

Author(s):

Sofia B. Davey ◽

Amanda P. Cameron ◽

Kenneth G. Latham ◽

Scott W. Donne

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Double Layer ◽

Glassy Carbon ◽

Electrical Double Layer ◽

Layer Formation

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Enzyme Immobilization Behavior on the Surface of Hydroxyapatite Capsules under Alkaline Condition

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.782.21 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 782 ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

Takeshi Yabutsuka ◽

Masaya Yamamoto ◽

Shigeomi Takai ◽

Takeshi Yao

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Immobilization ◽

Double Layer ◽

Isoelectric Point ◽

Electrical Double Layer ◽

Alkaline Condition ◽

Bicarbonate Buffer

We prepared hydroxyapatite (HA) capsules encapsulating maghemite particles. In order to evaluate enzyme immobilization behavior of the HA capsules under alkaline condition, we immobilized five kinds of enzymes with different isoelectric point in carbonate/bicarbonate buffer (CBB, pH 10.0). When the enzymes in CBB were moderately charged, immobilization efficiency on the HA capsules showed the highest value. It was suggested that immobilization efficiency was affected according to both pI of enzyme and pH of the surrounding solution and that enzyme immobilized on the HA capsules by not only electrical double layer interactions but also ion interaction and other interactions.

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