Behavioral risk factors of sudden cardiac arrest

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine candidates are being evaluated, with the goal of conferring immunity on the highest percentage of people who receive the vaccine as possible. It is noteworthy that vaccine efficacy depends not only on the vaccine but also on characteristics of the vaccinated. Over the past 30 years, a series of studies has documented the impact of psychological factors on the immune system’s vaccine response. Robust evidence has demonstrated that stress, depression, loneliness, and poor health behaviors can impair the immune system’s response to vaccines, and this effect may be greatest in vulnerable groups such as the elderly. Psychological factors are also implicated in the prevalence and severity of vaccine-related side effects. These findings have generalized across many vaccine types and therefore may be relevant to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In this review, we discuss these psychological and behavioral risk factors for poor vaccine responses, their relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as targeted psychological and behavioral interventions to boost vaccine efficacy and reduce side effects. Recent data suggest these psychological and behavioral risk factors are highly prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, but intervention research suggests that psychological and behavioral interventions can increase vaccine efficacy.

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Effects of Behavioral Risk Factors and Social-Environmental Factors on Non-Communicable Diseases in South Korea: A National Survey Approach

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020612 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 612

Author(s):

Nam Jeong Jeong ◽

Eunil Park ◽

Angel P. del Pobil

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

South Korea ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Behavioral Risk Factors ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Path Analyses ◽

Social Environmental ◽

Social Environmental Factors

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the major health threats in the world. Thus, identifying the factors that influence NCDs is crucial to monitor and manage diseases. This study investigates the effects of social-environmental and behavioral risk factors on NCDs as well as the effects of social-environmental factors on behavioral risk factors using an integrated research model. This study used a dataset from the 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. After filtering incomplete responses, 5462 valid responses remained. Items including one’s social-environmental factors (household income, education level, and region), behavioral factors (alcohol use, tobacco use, and physical activity), and NCDs histories were used for analyses. To develop a comprehensive index of each factor that allows comparison between different concepts, the researchers assigned scores to indicators of the factors and calculated a ratio of the scores. A series of path analyses were conducted to determine the extent of relationships among NCDs and risk factors. The results showed that social-environmental factors have notable effects on stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes, and gastric, liver, colon, lung, and thyroid cancers. The results indicate that the effects of social-environmental and behavioral risk factors on NCDs vary across the different types of diseases. The effects of social-environmental factors and behavioral risk factors significantly affected NCDs. However, the effect of social-environmental factors on behavioral risk factors was not supported. Furthermore, social-environmental factors and behavioral risk factors affect NCDs in a similar way. However, the effects of behavioral risk factors were smaller than those of social-environmental factors. The current research suggests taking a comprehensive view of risk factors to further understand the antecedents of NCDs in South Korea.

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Behavioral Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Disease

Annual Review of Medicine ◽

10.1146/annurev.me.29.020178.002551 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 543-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

C D Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Behavioral Risk Factors ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Artery Disease

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Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Out-of-Hospital Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Emergency Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2015/281364 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Izabella Uchmanowicz ◽

Wiesław Bartkiewicz ◽

Jarosław Sowizdraniuk ◽

Joanna Rosińczuk

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Rapid Assessment ◽

Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽

International Classification Of Diseases ◽

Medical Emergency ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Emergency Procedures ◽

Treatment And Prevention

Objective. This paper aims to discover the risk factors for sudden cardiac arrest (out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest (OHSCA)) which significantly affect the decision about prioritizing emergency interventions before dispatching medical emergency teams, risk of deterioration of the patient’s condition at the scene, and emergency procedures.Methods. A retrospective study taking into account the international classification of diseases ICD-10 based on an analysis of medical records of Emergency Medical Service in Wroclaw (Poland).Results. The main risk factor of OHSCA is coexistence of external cause leading to illness or death (ICD Group V-10) as well as the occurrence of diseases from the group of endocrine disorders (group E), in particular diabetes. The increase in the risk of OHSCA incidence is affected by nervous system diseases (group G), especially epilepsy of various etiologies, respiratory diseases (group J), mainly COPD, and bronchial asthma or mental and behavioral disorders (group F), with particular emphasis on the drugs issue. The procedure for receiving calls for Emergency Notification Centre does not take into account clinical risk factors for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA).Conclusion. Having knowledge of OHSCA risk factors can increase the efficiency of rescue operations from rapid assessment and provision of appropriate medical team, through effective performance of medical emergency treatment and prevention of SCA or finally reducing the costs.

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Modifiable risk factors associated with sudden cardiac arrest within hemodialysis clinics

Kidney International ◽

10.1038/ki.2010.315 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 218-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 154

Author(s):

Patrick H. Pun ◽

Ruediger W. Lehrich ◽

Emily F. Honeycutt ◽

Charles A. Herzog ◽

John P. Middleton

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽

Modifiable Risk Factors ◽

Factors Associated

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Abstract WP182: Trends in Acute Ischemic Stroke Hospitalizations and Risk Factors Among Young Adults: 12 Years of Nationally Representative Data

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.wp182 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Urvish K Patel ◽

Priti Poojary ◽

Vishal Jani ◽

Mandip S Dhamoon

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Young Adults ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Length Of Stay ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Stroke Risk ◽

Behavioral Risk Factors ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Stroke Risk Factors

Background: There is limited recent population-based data of trends in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) hospitalization rates among young adults (YA). Rising prevalence of stroke risk factors may increase stroke rates in YA. We hypothesized that 1) stroke hospitalizations and mortality among YA are increasing over time (2000-2011), 2) besides traditional stroke risk factors, non-traditional factors are associated with stroke in YA, 3) stroke hospitalization among YA is associated with higher mortality, length of stay (LOS), and cost. Methods: In the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (years 2000-2011), adult hospitalizations for AIS and concurrent diagnoses were identified by ICD-9-CM codes; the analytic cohort constituted all AIS hospitalizations. We performed weighted analysis using chi-square, t-test, and Jonckheere trend test. Multivariable survey regression models evaluated interactions between age group (18-45 vs. >45 years) and traditional and non-traditional risk factors, with outcomes including mortality, LOS, and cost. Models were adjusted for race, sex, Charlson’s Comorbidity Index, primary payer, location and teaching status of hospital, and admission day. Results: Among 5220960 AIS hospitalizations, 231858 (4.4%) were YA. On trend analysis, proportion of YA amongst AIS increased from 3.6% in 2000 to 4.7% in 2011 (p<0.0001) but mortality in YA decreased from 3.7% in 2000 to 2.6% in 2011, compared to 7.1% in 2000 to 4.6% in 2011 (p<0.0001) among older adults. Non-traditional, especially behavioral, risk factors were more common among YA, and LOS and cost were higher (Table). Conclusion: There was a trend for higher proportion of YA among AIS hospitalizations, though there was a decreasing mortality trend over 10 years. Behavioral risk factors were more common among YA, and there was an increased length of stay and cost. AIS in YA may require different preventive approaches compared to AIS among older adults.

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