Chapter 24 Inducible proto-oncogenes of the nervous system: their contribution to transcription factors and neuroplasticity

1990 ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
James I. Morgan ◽  
Tom Curran
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Transcription Factors

Egr transcription factors in the nervous system

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M. Beckmann ◽  
Peter A. Wilce
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Transcription Factors

The Birth and Death of a Neuron

The Neuron ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 329-352
Author(s):  
Irwin B. Levitan ◽  
Leonard K. Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Outer Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Programmed Death ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Specific Neuron

The development of the nervous system requires the participation of a variety of factors that influence neuronal determination, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The earliest steps in the formation of a neuron involve the actions of factors such as the bone morphogenetic proteins and neural inducers. Acting on cells that still have the potential to develop into many different types of cells, these factors control the synthesis of transcription factors and determine whether the complement of genes that becomes activated corresponds to those required for building a neuron. The birth of new neurons occurs at a high rate early in development, but in some brain regions persists in adults. The normal formation of the nervous system also requires the programmed death of many neurons. Decisions as to whether a specific neuron survives or perishes during development are made by factors that control the permeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane.

scholarly journals Transcription Factors of the bHLH Family Delineate Vertebrate Landmarks in the Nervous System of a Simple Chordate

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1262
Author(s):  
Lenny J. Negrón-Piñeiro ◽  
Yushi Wu ◽  
Anna Di Gregorio
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Molecular Fingerprints ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Bhlh Genes ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Genes Encoding

Tunicates are marine invertebrates whose tadpole-like larvae feature a highly simplified version of the chordate body plan. Similar to their distant vertebrate relatives, tunicate larvae develop a regionalized central nervous system and form distinct neural structures, which include a rostral sensory vesicle, a motor ganglion, and a caudal nerve cord. The sensory vesicle contains a photoreceptive complex and a statocyst, and based on the comparable expression patterns of evolutionarily conserved marker genes, it is believed to include proto-hypothalamic and proto-retinal territories. The evolutionarily conserved molecular fingerprints of these landmarks of the vertebrate brain consist of genes encoding for different transcription factors, and of the gene batteries that they control, and include several members of the bHLH family. Here we review the complement of bHLH genes present in the streamlined genome of the tunicate Ciona robusta and their current classification, and summarize recent studies on proneural bHLH transcription factors and their expression territories. We discuss the possible roles of bHLH genes in establishing the molecular compartmentalization of the enticing nervous system of this unassuming chordate.

scholarly journals SUMO Represses Transcriptional Activity of the Drosophila SoxNeuro and Human Sox3 Central Nervous System–specific Transcription Factors

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 2660-2669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Savare ◽  
Nathalie Bonneaud ◽  
Franck Girard
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acceptor Site ◽  
Hmg Box ◽  
Sumo Modification

Sry high mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors are involved in the development of central nervous system (CNS) in all metazoans. Little is known on the molecular mechanisms that regulate their transcriptional activity. Covalent posttranslational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) regulates several nuclear events, including the transcriptional activity of transcription factors. Here, we demonstrate that SoxNeuro, an HMG box-containing transcription factor involved in neuroblast formation in Drosophila, is a substrate for SUMO modification. SUMOylation assays in HeLa cells and Drosophila S2 cells reveal that lysine 439 is the major SUMO acceptor site. The sequence in SoxNeuro targeted for SUMOylation, IKSE, is part of a small inhibitory domain, able to repress in cis the activity of two adjacent transcriptional activation domains. Our data show that SUMO modification represses SoxNeuro transcriptional activity in transfected cells. Overexpression in Drosophila embryos of a SoxN form that cannot be targeted for SUMOylation strongly impairs the development of the CNS, suggesting that SUMO modification of SoxN is crucial for regulating its activity in vivo. Finally, we present evidence that SUMO modification of group B1 Sox factors was conserved during evolution, because Sox3, the human counterpart of SoxN, is also negatively regulated through SUMO modification.

scholarly journals Timing mechanism of sexually dimorphic nervous system differentiation

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pereira ◽  
Florian Aeschimann ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Hannah Lawson ◽  
Esther Serrano-Saiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Neuron Type ◽  
Chromosome Configuration ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Spatial Specificity

The molecular mechanisms that control the timing of sexual differentiation in the brain are poorly understood. We found that the timing of sexually dimorphic differentiation of postmitotic, sex-shared neurons in the nervous system of the Caenorhabditis elegans male is controlled by the temporally regulated miRNA let-7 and its target lin-41, a translational regulator. lin-41 acts through lin-29a, an isoform of a conserved Zn finger transcription factor, expressed in a subset of sex-shared neurons only in the male. Ectopic lin-29a is sufficient to impose male-specific features at earlier stages of development and in the opposite sex. The temporal, sexual and spatial specificity of lin-29a expression is controlled intersectionally through the lin-28/let-7/lin-41 heterochronic pathway, sex chromosome configuration and neuron-type-specific terminal selector transcription factors. Two Doublesex-like transcription factors represent additional sex- and neuron-type specific targets of LIN-41 and are regulated in a similar intersectional manner.

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