Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: A review of the literature

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) process is widely used to process hard materials in the industry. The process of electrical discharge is changed and called PMEDM when alloy powder is added in the oil dielectric. In the current study, the effect of tungsten carbide alloy powder added in the dielectric on the surface roughness (Ra) and the micro hardness of surface (HV) status of the workpiece SKD61 after machining is investigated. Studies show that the surface roughness and the micro hardness of surface obtained by PMEDM is generally better than that by normal EDM. The method can be applied for improving surface quality such as improving strengthening of molds and machine parts.

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE INFLUENCING PARAMETERS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL MACHINING OF AISI 202

Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems ◽

10.1142/s0219686708001486 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 07 (02) ◽

pp. 337-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

T. SEKAR ◽

R. MARAPPAN

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Electrochemical Machining ◽

High Energy ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Metal Removal Rate ◽

Hard Materials ◽

Influencing Parameters ◽

Traditional Process

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a non-traditional process used mainly to cut hard or difficult to cut metals, where the application of a more traditional process is not convenient. Those difficult to cut metals demand high energy to form chips, which can result in thermal effects due to the high temperatures inherent to the process in the chip–tool interface. In traditional processes, the heat generated during the cut is dissipated to the tool, chip, workpiece and environment, affecting the surface integrity of the workpiece, mainly for those hard materials. In this work, experimental investigations have been made on the various influencing parameters involved in the Metal removal rate (MRR) and Surface roughness using ECM on AISI 202 steel. The major intervening parameters are studied and the relationship between the parameters has been determined to achieve maximum metal removal rate and minimum surface roughness by using NaNO 3-Aqua solution.

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Development and Application on Ultrahigh Speed Grinding Processing Technology

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.509.56 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 509 ◽

pp. 56-60

Author(s):

Jian Yang

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Development Trend ◽

Processing Technology ◽

Processing Quality ◽

Precision Grinding ◽

Hard Materials ◽

The Common ◽

Grinding Efficiency ◽

The Development Trend

Ultrahigh speed grinding technology is an advanced processing technology, which chould improve grinding efficiency, reduce surface roughness and improve processing quality. This paper introduces the origin of ultrahigh speed grinding processing technology, the development situation of ultrahigh speed grinding, summarizes its advantages comparing with the common grinding, analyzes the application on efficiency deep grinding, ultrahigh speed precision grinding, grinding hard materials grinding, grinding green and so on. And then it expounds the development trend of the ultrahigh speed grinding.

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Influence of an Angular Hatching Exposure Strategy on the Surface Roughness During Picosecond Laser Ablation of Hard Materials

Physics Procedia ◽

10.1016/j.phpro.2016.08.026 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

pp. 135-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christian Daniel ◽

Jannik Manderla ◽

Sina Hallmann ◽

Claus Emmelmann

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Laser Ablation ◽

Picosecond Laser ◽

Hard Materials

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Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate Behaviors of Hard Materials such as Titanium Alloy, Nickel-Based Super Alloy and Tool Steel

TECNICA ITALIANA-Italian Journal of Engineering Science ◽

10.18280/ti-ijes.642-420 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (2-4) ◽

pp. 259-264

Author(s):

Shashi Dwivedi ◽

Shailendra Chauhan

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Titanium Alloy ◽

Tool Steel ◽

Material Removal Rate ◽

Material Removal ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Hard Materials ◽

Super Alloy

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Parametric Study of Machining on EN31 and EN19 Alloy Steels in WEDM to Analyze the Effect on Surface Roughness

Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology ◽

10.51983/ajeat-2018.7.2.959 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 36-42

Author(s):

Ramandeep Singh ◽

Ashok Kumar

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Input Parameter ◽

Hard Materials ◽

Current Voltage ◽

Alloy Steels ◽

Pulse On Time ◽

Pulse Off Time ◽

Off Time ◽

Wire Feed ◽

Time Pulse

Wire EDM can machine hard materials as well as alloys. Thus this study aims to analyze the effect of process parameters in WEDM on EN31 and EN19 alloy steels. The parameters selected for the optimization were Work material, Pulse on Time, Pulse off Time, Current, Voltage and Wire Feed for improvement in surface roughness. Taguchi L18 Orthogonal array was used for the best combination of experiment. The output responses were analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of variance). The ANOVA result indicated that there is a significant effect on improvement in surface roughness when machining with all these six input parameter and coated wire. According to the present investigation, voltage was found to be the most significant factor followed by Ton and current, which affect the improvement in surface roughness.

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ENAMEL SURFACE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN WHITE SPOT LESIONS AFTER ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT USING A MICROABRASION TECHNIQUE WITH FLUORIDE OR CALCIUM PHOSPHOPEPTIDE-AMORPHOUS CALCIUM PHOSPHATE APPLICATION

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2017.v9s2.28 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Novira Mutia Safitri ◽

Haru Setyo Anggani ◽

Miesje Karmiati Purwanegara ◽

Sariesendy Sumardi

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

White Spot ◽

White Spot Lesions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Bacterial Plaque

Objectives: White spot lesions after fixed orthodontic treatment will increase bacterial plaque formation due to increased enamel surface roughness. The aim of this study was to analyze the surface roughness of white spot lesions on enamel after a microabrasion technique, a microabrasion technique combined with calcium phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) application, and a microabrasion technique combined with fluoride application.Methods: Artificially induced white spot lesions on the enamel surfaces of 42 maxillary first premolars were randomly assigned into one of three treatment groups (n=14): (a) A microabrasion technique, (b) a microabrasion technique combined with CPP-ACP application, and (c) a microabrasion technique combined with fluoride application. A Mitutoyo SJ-301 surface roughness tester was used to measure differences in surface roughness before and after treatment, and the after treatment measurements were compared among the three groups.Results: A significant difference in surface roughness was noted for the white spot lesions on enamel before and after treatment in all groups (p<0.05). A significant difference was also found when comparing the after treatment surface roughness in all groups.Conclusion: The combination of the microabrasion technique with CPP-ACP application significantly reduced enamel surface roughness when compared to microabrasion alone or the combination of microabrasion and fluoride application.

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Theoretical Model of Surface Roughness for Polishing Super Hard Materials with Abrasive Waterjet

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.465 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 375-376 ◽

pp. 465-469 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Cui Lian Che ◽

Chuan Zhen Huang ◽

Jun Wang ◽

Hong Tao Zhu ◽

Quan Lai Li

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Water Pressure ◽

Impact Angle ◽

Abrasive Waterjet ◽

Abrasive Water Jet ◽

Hard Materials ◽

Elastic Distortion ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Abrasive Size

In this paper, the impact pressure of abrasives acting on the polished materials was deduced by Field Theory and the model of surface roughness for polishing super hard materials with Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ) was established. The model indicates that the surface roughness increases linearly with an increase in the maximum depth of abrasives indenting into materials and that the relationship between the surface roughness and polishing parameters including water pressure, abrasive pressure, the impact angle, the hardness of the polished material, the elastic distortion of abrasive, abrasive size, abrasive density, nozzle diameter and standoff.

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Analisa Kekasaran Permukaan Titanium Grade 2 pada Proses Frais

Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Undiksha ◽

10.23887/jptm.v8i2.27766 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

AM. Mufarrih ◽

Moh. Nasir Hariyanto ◽

Nanang Qosim

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Titanium Alloy ◽

Materials Science ◽

Cutting Parameters ◽

Advanced Manufacturing Technology ◽

P Value ◽

Advanced Manufacturing ◽

Multi Objective ◽

Hard Materials ◽

Titanium Grade

Titanium Grade 2 termasuk jenis bahan yang sering dipergunakan di industri, utamanya pada bahan untuk implan biomedis. Titanium Grade 2 mempunyai sifat perbandingan kekakuan terhadap berat yang baik, tahan terhadap korosi dan memiliki sifat biokompatibel yang baik di dalam tubuh. Namun memiliki konduktifitas panas yang rendah, sehingga perlu memilih perameter pemesinan yang tepat untuk menghasilkan nilai kekasaran permukaan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik Titanium Grade 2 yaitu kekasaran permukaan hasil pemesinan frais. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode Taguchi L9, dengan 2 faktor dan 3 level. Parameter pemesinan yang digunakan ialah putaran spindel 500; 700; 900 rpm dan kecepatan pemakanan 25; 50; 75 mm/menit. Variabel respon yang diteliti ialah kekasaran permukaan. Proses frais dilakukan menggunakan Mesin CNC Dahlih. Kekasaran permukaan diukur menggunakan Mitutoyo surface roughess tester. Analisis data menggunakan analisis ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada pengaruh variasi parameter pemesinan terhadap respon kekasaran permukaan. Variabel putaran spindel mempunyai p-value sebesar 0,039 dan variabel gerak makan memiliki p-value sebesar 0,025. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua variabel bebas tersebut memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap respon kekasaran permukaan. Kekasaran permukaan terendah dapat dicapai dengan pengaturan putaran spindel sebesar 700 rpm dan kecepatan pemakanan sebesar 25 mm/menit. Kata kunci: titanium grade 2, kekasaran permukaan, frais, anova Daftar RujukanBagno, A., & Di Bello, C. (2004). Surface treatments and roughness properties of Ti-based biomaterials. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JMSM.0000042679.28493.7fBruce, 2011. (2013). Analisis Kekasaran Permukaan Dan Getaran Pada Pemesinan Bubut Menggunakan Pahat Putar Modular (Modular Rotary Tools) Untuk Material Titanium 6Al-4V Eli. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004Davim, J. P. (2011). Machining of hard materials. Machining of Hard Materials. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-450-0Ganguli, S., & Kapoor, S. G. (2016). Improving the performance of milling of titanium alloys using the atomization-based cutting fluid application system. Journal of Manufacturing Processes. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2016.05.011Karkalos, N. E., Galanis, N. I., & Markopoulos, A. P. (2016). Surface roughness prediction for the milling of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy with the use of statistical and soft computing techniques. Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.04.039Kiswanto, G., Mandala, A., Azmi, M., & Ko, T. J. (2020). The effects of cutting parameters to the surface roughness in high speed cutting of micro-milling titanium alloy ti-6al-4v. Key Engineering Materials, 846 KEM, 133–138. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.846.133Mufarrih, A., Istiqlaliyah, H., & Ilha, M. M. (2019). Optimization of Roundness, MRR and Surface Roughness on Turning Process using Taguchi-GRA. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1179/1/012099Nithyanandam, J., Das, S. L., & Palanikumar, K. (2015). Inluence of Cutting Parameters in Machining of Titanium Alloy. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(8), 556–562. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i/71291Oshida, Y. (2012). Bioscience and Bioengineering of Titanium Materials: Second Edition. Bioscience and Bioengineering of Titanium Materials: Second Edition. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2011-0-07805-5Setyowidodo, I., Sutanto, S., Mufarrih, A., & Sholehah, I. M. (2020). Exhaust temperature and peltier element optimization of thermoelectric generator output. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/850/1/012007Shucai, Y., Chunsheng, H., & Minli, Z. (2019). A prediction model for titanium alloy surface roughness when milling with micro-textured ball-end cutters at different workpiece inclination angles. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2852-6Soepangkat, B. O. P., Pramujati, B., Effendi, M. K., Norcahyo, R., & Mufarrih, A. M. (2019). Multi-objective Optimization in Drilling Kevlar Fiber Reinforced Polymer Using Grey Fuzzy Analysis and Backpropagation Neural Network–Genetic Algorithm (BPNN–GA) Approaches. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-019-00017-zTapiero, H., Townsend, D. M., & Tew, K. D. (2003). Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0753-3322(03)00012-XThepsonthi, T., & Özel, T. (2012). Multi-objective process optimization for micro-end milling of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-3980-zWennerberg, A., & Albrektsson, T. (2009). Effects of titanium surface topography on bone integration: A systematic review. Clinical Oral Implants Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01775.x

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