03/02509 Behaviour of Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in sewage sludge incineration by fluidised bed furnace

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 403
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Sludge Incineration

Partitioning of Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in sewage sludge incineration by rotary kiln and fluidized bed furnaces

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mininni ◽  
C. M. Braguglia ◽  
D. Marani
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Chlorinated Organic Compounds ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Significant Enrichment ◽  
The One

The behaviour of four metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) during sewage sludge incineration was studied in eight pilot plant tests performed with a rotary kiln (RK) and a fluidised bed (FB) furnace. To simulate sludge co-incineration with hazardous wastes, in three FB tests feed sludge was mixed with chlorinated organic compounds. Chromium and copper showed similar concentrations both in bottom or cyclone ash and in fly ash, even at high chlorine input and high combustion temperature. In contrast, zinc and lead concentrations in fly ash produced in RK tests are one or two orders of magnitude higher than those in bottom ash. However, not even these two metals showed significant enrichment in FB tests carried out at high chlorine input. The predictive capability of a thermodynamic model was checked by comparing predicted metal volatilisation in the combustion chamber with experimental metal enrichment in the fly ash. Large discrepancies were observed in FB tests carried out at high chlorine content, where Pb, Zn, and Cu are predicted to volatilise in great extent, andin RK tests where zinc volatilisation is not predicted. Likely explanations of these discrepancies are the very short solid residence times in the FB furnace (non equilibrium conditions) and the incomplete mixing conditions in the RK furnace (pyrolysis pockets). From the environmental impact point of view, the pilot tests suggest that sludge incineration with fluidised bed furnace is safer than the one using rotary kiln furnace.

Dynamic behaviour of sewage sludge incineration in a large-scale bubbling fluidised bed in relation to feeding-rate variations

Fuel ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1552-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Bin Yang ◽  
Lynne Sliwinski ◽  
Vida Sharifi ◽  
Jim Swithenbank
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Sludge Incineration

Influence of organic chlorine on emissions from sludge incineration by a pilot fluidised bed furnace

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mininni ◽  
V. Lotito ◽  
L. Spinosa ◽  
E. Guerriero
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Afterburning Chamber ◽  
Organic Chlorine ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Circulating Fluidised Bed

To demonstrate that sewage sludge incineration could be a safe operation if well conducted and that hazardous compounds could also be disposed of without problems in sludge incinerators plants, a research program has been set up by the Italian Water Research Institute on a demonstrative scale plant where a completely circulating fluidised bed furnace and a rotary kiln furnace can operate alternatively. In this paper results of tests performed by a fluidised bed furnace on sewage sludge spiked with highly chlorinated compounds under different operating conditions are presented. A deep investigation on micropollutants formation has been made at different sampling points: before and after bag house filter, and at the chimney. The experimental data show that concentrations of PCDDs+PCDFs (TE) and of PAHs do not strictly depend on the operation of the afterburning chamber and that a complete compliance with the European and Italian standards on the emissions were always achieved even in the most critical conditions investigated.

Behaviour of Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in sewage sludge incineration by fluidised bed furnace

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Marani ◽  
C.M Braguglia ◽  
G Mininni ◽  
F Maccioni
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Sludge Incineration

Production of fuels on the basis of sewage sludge through conditioning using high calorific value fractions

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Georg Schmelz ◽  
Anja Reipa ◽  
Hartmut Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Fine Coal ◽  
Used Cars ◽  
Plastic Components

Emschergenossenschaft and Lippeverband operate 59 wastewater treatment plants which produce approx. 100,000 Mg TS of sewage sludge each year. Using sludge pressure pipelines, about 60 % of this sludge are transported to the central sludge treatment plant in Bottrop. The digested sludges are conditioned using fine coal and polymers and are dewatered using membrane filters. By adding coal, the heating value of the sludge is raised which enables autothermal combustion of the dewatered sludges in fluidised bed furnaces at the central sludge treatment plant. In order to replace coal, a fossil fuel, as conditioning agent, experiments were conducted using alternative materials with high heating values. The addition of shredder fluff agglomerates proved to be particularly successful. Shredder fluff agglomerates are a residue from the recycling of used cars and are generated in a multistage process (e.g. Volkswagen-SiCon Process) by separating the light shredder fraction (plastic components etc.) from the total shredder fluff. The fibrous material is outstandingly suitable for improving the dewaterability and for sufficiently raising the heating value of the dewatered sludge in order to enable autothermal combustion. Since first experiments showed very positive results, a full-scale long-term test-run will take place in 2007.

Gasification as an optimum alternative for the sludge management

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Peregrina ◽  
J. M. Audic ◽  
P. Dauthuille
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning System

Assimilate sludge to a fuel is not new. Sludge incineration and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) engines powered with sludge-derived anaerobic digestion gas (ADG) are operations widely used. However, they have a room of improvement to reach simultaneously a positive net power generation and a significant level of waste reduction and stabilization. Gasification has been used in other realms for the conversion of any negative-value carbon-based materials, that would otherwise be disposed as waste, to a gaseous product with a usable heating value for power generation . In fact, the produced gas, the so-called synthetic gas (or syngas), could be suitable for combined heat and power motors. Within this framework gasification could be seen as an optimum alternative for the sludge management that would allow the highest waste reduction yield (similar to incineration) with a high power generation. Although gasification remains a promising route for sewage sludge valorisation, campaigns of measurements show that is not a simple operation and there are still several technical issues to resolve before that gasification was considered to be fully applied in the sludge management. Fluidised bed was chosen by certain technology developers because it is an easy and well known process for solid combustion, and very suitable for non-conventional fuels. However, our tests showed a poor reliable process for gasification of sludge giving a low quality gas production with a significant amount of tars to be treated. The cleaning system that was proposed shows a very limited removal performance and difficulties to be operated. Within the sizes of more common WWTP, an alternative solution to the fluidised bed reactor would be the downdraft bed gasifier that was also audited. Most relevant data of this audit suggest that the technology is more adapted to the idea of sludge gasification presented in the beginning of this paper where a maximum waste reduction is achieved with a great electricity generation thanks to the use of a “good” quality syngas in a CHP engine. Audit show also that there is still some work to do in order to push sludge gasification to a more industrial stage. Regardless what solution would be preferred, the resulting gasification system would involve a more complex scenario compared to Anaerobic Digestion and Incineration, characterised by a thermal dryer and gasifier with a complete gas cleaning system. At the end, economics, reliability and mass and energy yields should be carefully analysed in order to set the place that gasification would play in the forthcoming processing of sewage sludge.

New Approach to the Emission of Flue Gases Caused by Sludge Incineration in the Netherlands

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. van der Vlies ◽  
J. H. B. te Marvelde
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Gas Purification ◽  
Incineration Plant ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Limited Degree ◽  
The Town

Recycling of sewage sludge will soon no longer be possible in The Netherlands, or will be possible only to a very limited degree. For that reason, part of the sewage sludge will have to be incinerated. This will happen particularly in those areas where tipping space is very limited. A sludge incineration plant is planned to be built in the town of Dordrecht, with a capacity of 45,000 tonnes dry solids per year. The plant will be subject to the very strict flue gas emission requirements of the Dutch Guideline on Incineration. The Guideline demands a sophisticated flue gas purification procedure.

scholarly journals Estimating the Characteristics and Emission Factor of Ammonia from Sewage Sludge Incinerator

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2539
Author(s):  
Seongmin Kang ◽  
Joonyoung Roh ◽  
Eui-Chan Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Uncertainty Range ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Secondary Substances

In the case of sewage sludge, as direct landfilling was recently prohibited, it is treated through incineration. Among the air pollutants discharged through the incineration of sewage sludge, NOx and SOx are considered secondary substances of PM2.5 and are being managed accordingly. However, NH3, another of the secondary substances of PM2.5, is not well managed, and the amount of NH3 discharged from sewage sludge incineration facilities has not been calculated. Therefore, in this study, we sought to determine whether NH3 is discharged in the exhaust gas of a sewage sludge incineration facility, and, when discharged, the NH3 emission factor was calculated, and the necessity of the development of the emission factor was reviewed. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the amount of NH3 discharged from the sewage sludge incineration facility was 0.04 to 4.47 ppm, and the emission factor was calculated as 0.002 kg NH3/ton. The NH3 emission factor was compared with the NH3 emission factor of municipal solid waste proposed by EMEP/EEA (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme/European Environment Agency) because the NH3 emission factor of the sewage sludge incineration facility had not been previously determined. As a result of the comparison, the NH3 emission factor of EMEP/EEA was similar to that of municipal solid waste, confirming the necessity of developing the NH3 emission factor of the sewage sludge incineration facility. In addition, the evaluation of the uncertainty of the additionally calculated NH3 emission factor was conducted quantitatively and the uncertainty range was presented for reference. In the future, it is necessary to improve the reliability of the NH3 emission factor of sewage sludge incineration facilities by performing additional analysis with statistical representation. In addition, the development of NH3 emission factors for industrial waste incineration facilities should be undertaken.

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