Satellite mapping of Loa loa prevalence in relation to ivermectin use in west and central Africa

The Lancet ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 356 (9235) ◽  
pp. 1077-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Thomson ◽  
V Obsomer ◽  
M Dunne ◽  
SJ Connor ◽  
DH Molyneux
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Loa Loa ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
Satellite Mapping

scholarly journals A historical note on an imported case of loiasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1964

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-297
Author(s):  
Antonio Giardulli ◽  
Guilherme Dolanda Paulo Filho ◽  
Giovanni Nicola Urberto Italiano Colombini ◽  
Walter de Araújo Eyer-Silva ◽  
Carlos Alberto Basilio-de-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Historical Note ◽  
Loa Loa ◽  
Imported Case ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
Inflammatory Edema ◽  
The City

Loiasis is a filarial disease transmitted by the Chrysops spp. tabanid flies in West and Central Africa. It is most commonly diagnosed by the clinical manifestations of Calabar swellings (transient localized inflammatory edema) or, most dramatically, by the appearance of a migrating worm through the conjunctival tissues or the bridge of the nose. We report the case of a 35-year-old resident in the city of Rio de Janeiro who displayed a moving Loa loa in the bulbar conjunctival tissue two years after returning from a six-month trip to Uganda. Surgical removal of the worm was performed.

scholarly journals Projected Number of People With Onchocerciasis–Loiasis Coinfection in Africa, 1995 to 2025

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2281-2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie V S Vinkeles Melchers ◽  
Luc E Coffeng ◽  
Michel Boussinesq ◽  
Belén Pedrique ◽  
Sébastien D S Pion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Ivermectin Treatment ◽  
Loa Loa ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Onchocerciasis elimination through mass drug administration (MDA) is hampered by coendemicity of Loa loa, as people with high L. loa microfilariae (mf) density can develop serious adverse events (SAEs) after ivermectin treatment. We assessed the geographical overlap of onchocerciasis and loiasis prevalence and estimated the number of coinfected individuals at risk of post-ivermectin SAEs in West and Central Africa from 1995 to 2025. Methods Focusing on regions with suspected loiasis transmission in 14 countries, we overlaid precontrol maps of loiasis and onchocerciasis prevalence to calculate precontrol prevalence of coinfection by 5 km2 × 5 km2 pixel, distinguishing different categories of L. loa mf intensity. Using statistical and mathematical models, we predicted prevalence of both infections and coinfection for 2015 and 2025, accounting for the impact of MDA with ivermectin. Results The number of people infected with onchocerciasis was predicted to decline from almost 19 million in 1995 to 4 million in 2025. Of these, 137 000 people were estimated to also have L. loa hypermicrofilaremia (≥20 000 L. loa mf/mL) in 1995, declining to 31 000 in 2025. In 2025, 92.8% of coinfected cases with loiasis hypermicrofilaremia are predicted to live in hypoendemic areas currently not targeted for MDA. Conclusions Loiasis coinfection is a major concern for onchocerciasis elimination in Africa. We predict that under current strategies, at least 31 000 coinfected people still require treatment for onchocerciasis in 2025 while being at risk of SAEs, justifying continued efforts in research and development for safer drugs and control strategies.

Giant Tree Frog diversification in West and Central Africa: isolation by physical barriers, climate, and reproductive traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle E. Jaynes ◽  
Edward A. Myers ◽  
Václav Gvoždík ◽  
David C. Blackburn ◽  
Daniel M. Portik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
West And Central Africa

Semiannual Treatment of Albendazole Alone is Efficacious for Treatment of Lymphatic Filariasis: A Randomized Open-label Trial in Cote d'Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allassane F Ouattara ◽  
Catherine M Bjerum ◽  
Méité Aboulaye ◽  
Olivier Kouadio ◽  
Vanga K Marius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Bancroftian Filariasis ◽  
Loa Loa ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Open Label Trial ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Ivermectin (IVM) plus albendazole (ALB), or IA, is widely used in mass drug administration (MDA) programs that aim to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Africa. However, IVM can cause severe adverse events in persons with heavy Loa loa infections that are common in Central Africa. ALB is safe in loiasis, but more information is needed on its efficacy for LF. This study compared the efficacy and safety of three years of semiannual treatment with ALB to annual IA in persons with bancroftian filariasis. Methods Adults with Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia (Mf) were randomized to receive either three annual doses of IA (N=52), six semiannual doses of ALB 400mg (N=45), or six semiannual doses of ALB 800mg (N=47). The primary outcome amicrofilaremia at 36 months. Findings IA was more effective for completely clearing Mf than ALB 400mg or ALB 800mg (79%, CI 67-91; vs. 48%, CI 32-66 and 57%, CI 41-73, respectively). Mean % reductions in Mf counts at 36 months relative to baseline tended to be greater after IA (98%, CI 88-100) than after ALB 400mg (88%, CI 78-98) and ALB 800mg (89%, CI 79-99) (P=0.07 and P=0.06, respectively). Adult worm nest numbers (assessed by ultrasound) were reduced in all treatment groups. Treatments were well tolerated. Interpretation Repeated semiannual treatment with ALB is macrofilaricidal for W. bancrofti and leads to sustained reductions in Mf counts. This is a safe and effective regimen that could be used as MDA to eliminate LF in areas ivermectin cannot be used.

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