What members of the public think about taking part in medical research during an influenza pandemic: an international cross-sectional survey across eight OECD countries

Developing countries like Pakistan have previously suffered from barriers to acceptance of vaccination by the public because of financial and belief barriers. This study aims to explore these beliefs and highlight concerns regarding vaccine hesitancy in the general population of Pakistan since they are a hindrance to an effective coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) immunization in the country. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 1,778 participants from all four provinces of Pakistan. Results from the study showed more than half of the participants to be unsure of the safety (50%) and efficacy (51%) of the vaccine, whereas 42% were concerned about the side effects of the vaccine. About 72% of the respondents planned to get vaccinated, whereas 28% refused to do so. Internationally made imported vaccines were more trusted by the participants. Forty-four percent of the participants agreed to receive the vaccine upon recommendation from a physician. Lastly, participants who believed in the efficacy of the polio vaccination also considered the COVID-19 vaccine to be safe and effective.

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Effect of Audit Expectation Gap in Nigerian Capital Market

International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting ◽

10.5296/ijafr.v4i2.6485 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 294 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paul N. Onulaka

Keyword(s):

Capital Market ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Public ◽

Expectation Gap ◽

The Relationship

Audit expectation gap is a phenomenon that presently attracts the attention of researchers all over the world. The basic problem is in the area of how the public perceives the role of the auditor, which in most cases centers on the prevention of fraud and irregularities. On the other hand the auditor and the auditing profession always exonerate themselves from the fact and perception of the public towards their work. However, the continued litigation against the auditor and the auditing profession has called on a rethink on the relationship of the auditor and the audit work he performs This paper is structured to briefly establish what auditing and its expectations gap is and the relationship audited financial statement has on capital market and to investigate if the identified gaps have any significant effect in the volume of transactions in the Nigerian capital market.It sought to establish the perception of the capital market operators on its existence. Respondents view was also sought on how the gap could be narrowed. Chi-square (χ2) was used to analyze the data obtained from the study. The data were obtained through questionnaire. Two hundred and ninety (290) copies of the instrument were found useful out of 350 copies distributed using purposive sampling technique. In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Lagos and Abuja stock Exchange to capture the perceptions of key users of financial statements in Nigerian capital market. The tests of hypothesis were done using Microsoft Excel 2010 version. Tests were carried out at a significant level of 5% and twelve degree of freedom. The findings of the study indicated that there is a wide expectation gap in the areas of auditors’ responsibility for fraud prevention and detection. Audit expectation gap has negative impact on the volume of transactions in Nigerian stock exchange.

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A re-evaluation of teenage sunbed use following the introduction of banning legislation for under 18-year-olds

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdz015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 588-593

Author(s):

S Menzies ◽

S Daly ◽

R O’Connor ◽

A Kelly ◽

M Fitzgerald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Education ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multifaceted Approach ◽

The Public ◽

Awareness Campaigns ◽

Before And After ◽

Education And Awareness ◽

The Media ◽

Sunbed Use

Abstract Background There is little information on the effectiveness of introducing age restriction legislation alone to reduce the rate of sunbed usage by teenagers. Prior to the Public Health (Sunbed) Act of 2014 prohibiting the use of sunbeds in under 18-year-olds in Ireland we reported the rate of sunbed use at 7.5%. Objectives The aim of the study was to compare the rate of sunbed usage among Irish teenagers before and after the introduction of banning legislation to determine if it had the desired effect of reducing its rate of use. Methods In a cross-sectional survey, students from the same schools as in our previous study completed an anonymous, written questionnaire pertaining to sunbed usage. Results In total, 783 questionnaires, from 13 schools across Ireland, were completed. The rate of sunbed use in the current study was 7.2%, compared to 7.5% in the pre-ban study, (P = 0.76). A higher rate of sunbed use was observed in Dublin schools and female public students. Conclusion Our study suggests that legislation alone is ineffective at reducing sunbed usage in a teenage population. A multifaceted approach is required that includes enforcement of the legislation together with targeted public education and awareness campaigns using all aspects of the media.

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Who cares for nutrition information at a restaurant? Food-related lifestyles and their association to nutrition information conscious behaviors

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-09-2015-0303 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 118 (7) ◽

pp. 1625-1640 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jinkyung Choi

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Body Satisfaction ◽

Survey Design ◽

Nutrition Information ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

The Public ◽

New Information

Purpose – People have become more health conscious about the food they eat on any occasion. As healthy dietary information has been released to the public in order to correspond with active public adaptation, more consumers have become aware of and are showing interest in new information related to health. The purpose of this paper is to utilize food-related lifestyle (FRL) instruments to explain nutrition information-conscious behaviors. Design/methodology/approach – This study used a cross-sectional survey design. A questionnaire was developed based on previous studies. A factor analysis and a cluster analysis were conducted to segment nutrition information-conscious behaviors of consumers. Participants were 200 and the survey was administered to citizens in South Korea. Exploratory factor analysis, cluster analysis, analysis of variance, Duncan’s multiple comparison tests, and χ2 test were used. Findings – Nine factors were identified and four clusters were established. These clusters were named: “personal value concern group,” “enthusiastic group,” “moderation group,” and “unconcerned group.” Each segment was significantly different in body satisfaction and nutrition information-conscious behaviors. Nutrients such as dietary fibers, sodium, and trans fat were considered differently by the four segments. Originality/value – Using an FRL instrument in relation to nutrition information-conscious behavior, interesting conclusions were drawn. Results of this study suggested that each segment has its characteristics in relation to nutrition information-conscious behaviors. Also it can be concluded that it is time for individuals to take responsibility for their own health problems.

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Developing Civil Servants’ Commitment to Share Knowledge and Implement Cost Reduction Policy: The Perspective of Malaysian Public Sector

Journal of Public Administration and Governance ◽

10.5296/jpag.v7i2.10992 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Mohamad Hisyam Selamat ◽

Haliza Mazlin Abdul Halim ◽

Foo Kok Soon

Keyword(s):

Best Practices ◽

Moral Obligation ◽

Cost Reduction ◽

Civil Servants ◽

Public Organization ◽

Public Agencies ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Public ◽

Practical Implications

The present study is designed to propose values for developing civil servants’ commitment to share ideas on how to reduce public organization cost and in turn commitment to implement cost reduction policy in the workplace. If civil servants feel that they have a moral obligation in paying back the country through remain with the employing public agencies they become receptive towards cost reduction policy. To instil this moral obligation this study proposes the elements of means, attitude towards leaders and attitude towards government. The researchers have applied cross-sectional survey research to validate the framework. It is found that attitude towards government influenced the development of civil servants’ commitment to share knowledge in the workplace significantly. On the other hand, means and attitude towards government influenced the development of civil servants’ commitment to implement cost reduction policy in the workplace significantly. The practical implications are the discovery of theoretical, personal, and workplace practical best practices for the establishment of strategies to establish knowledge sharing commitment and cost reduction commitment amongst civil servants in the public organizations.

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FOOD ADULTERATION AND FAMILY'S KNOWLEDGE ON FOOD ADULTERATION IN SELECTED VILLAGE OF UDUPI TALUK, KARNATAKA

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1703650 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 03 (02) ◽

pp. 033-037

Author(s):

Abidfaheem T. K. ◽

Baby S. Nayak ◽

Maxie Andrade

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Score ◽

Educational Status ◽

Common Salt ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Adulteration ◽

The Public ◽

Knowledge Questionnaire ◽

Powder Samples ◽

Chili Powder

AbstractA cross sectional survey was under taken among 75 families using structured knowledge questionnaire and observation technique. The collected data was analysed using SPSS version 16. The study findings showed that majority (60%)of the subjects had moderate knowledge on food adulteration. Out of 75 samples tested, 2.7% chili powder samples were adulterated with artificial color and 10.7% of the common salt samples were adulterated with insoluble impurities. In tea powder 12 % were adulterated with iron fillings and 2.7% 2 were adulterated with artificial color. There was significant association of knowledge score on food adulteration with age (X2 (2) =8.627 p= (2), 2 0.013) and educational status (X2 (4) =9.876, p= 0.043) of the respondents. The study concludes that the food adulteration even though (4) low, still it is existing. However awareness of the public in relation to food adulteration should be ongoing especially to the general public with lower level of education.

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Perceptions of Chinese Towards Dementia in Hong Kong—Diagnosis, Symptoms and Impacts

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16010128 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 128 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tai Pong Lam ◽

Kai Sing Sun ◽

Hoi Yan Chan ◽

Chak Sing Lau ◽

Kwok Fai Lam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Public Hospital ◽

Legal Issues ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Dementia Patient ◽

Early Screening ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Public ◽

Diagnosis Of Dementia

The increasing prevalence of dementia has become a public health issue worldwide including China. This study aims to explore the perception of Chinese in Hong Kong towards the diagnosis, symptoms and impacts of dementia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among outpatients (without diagnosed dementia) attending a regional public hospital using a standard questionnaire. The results from 290 respondents showed that most preferred to be told about the diagnosis of dementia as soon as possible if they got it, in order to deal with the news and to access treatment and support early. Nearly two thirds of the respondents perceived practical issues (61.3%), physical health (61.0%), and emotional distress (58.4%) as their most fearful impacts, while legal issues (7.4%) were their least concerns. Family history/genes (79.1%) and brain injury (75.9%) were the most commonly perceived causes of dementia. For symptoms, respondents were more likely to identify cognitive impairments than undesirable behaviours. The accepting and proactive attitudes of the public indicate that there is a timely need of more public education about the disease, early screening and better continuity of care to fulfil the anticipated increase of the dementia patient population.

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