Knowledge, Trust and Experience Make the Difference: What the Public Think About Participation in Medical Research During an Influenza Pandemic - An International Cross-Sectional Survey

Background: In haemodialysis is key to successfully obtaining cannulation of the arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The literature agrees that cannulation, failing in the initial maturation period, can lead to delayed dialysis, haematoma, scarring, needle phobia and loss of confidence in the cannulator. The introduction of plastic cannulae for haemodialysis has changed cannulation practice positively, preventing frequent complications such as infiltration or trauma. Despite that, most countries have continued to use metal cannulation, in particular in Europe. This study investigates the common use of plastic cannulae versus metal needles for cannulation in dialysis units and explores the implications of focusing on the side effects of cannulation. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional survey. A questionnaire was created by a team of experts from the European Dialysis Transplant Nurse Association/European Renal Care Association (EDTNA/ERCA) to address the study's aims and sent online to nurse members. Results: Data collected suggested a strong resistance towards using plastic cannulae, with few respondents claiming to use these cannulas. Most of the respondents were female (74%), Europeans, working in nephrology for more than 10 years and most worked in the public sector. There was a strong correlation between the use of plastic cannulae and fewer adverse events in elbow located AVF and newly created or fragile AVF. Conclusions: The results are in line with the current literature. Possible resistance to the use of the plastic device includes the difference in cost between the two devices in favour of metal needles. However, it should be considered that the lower number of adverse events, in particular infiltration and haematoma caused by the metal needle, involves a considerable saving both in money and in terms of time and distress for the patient.

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Does a Comparison View Improve the Reliability of Staging Wrist Osteoarthritis?

Hand ◽

10.1177/1558944716677541 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 439-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paul W. L. ten Berg ◽

Tessa Drijkoningen ◽

Thierry G. Guitton ◽

David Ring

Keyword(s):

Survey Study ◽

Kappa Statistics ◽

Scaphoid Nonunion ◽

Educational Training ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Improve Reliability ◽

Comparison View

Background: Radiological grading of wrist osteoarthritis associated with scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) can be difficult. A comparison radiograph of the contralateral healthy wrist and an educational training in the various SNAC stages may improve reliability. Our purposes were to evaluate the difference in the reliability: (1) between observers who rate SNAC wrists with and without a comparison radiograph; and (2) between observers who receive training prior to ratings and those who do not. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey study, 82 fully trained orthopedic or hand surgeons rated anteroposterior radiographs of 19 patient wrists following a scaphoid nonunion based on SNAC stages 0 to 4. Observers were randomized online in 4 groups: one group rated unilateral views without training, a second group unilateral views with training, a third group bilateral views without training, and a fourth group bilateral views with training. Training included a 1-page clarification of the SNAC stages. Interobserver agreement was calculated using kappa statistics. Results: There was no significant difference between agreement between observers who rated unilateral radiographs (κ = 0.55) and who rated bilateral radiographs (κ = 0.58) ( P = .14), nor between agreement between observers who received training (κ = 0.59) and who did not (κ = 0.54) ( P = .058). Conclusions: The use of an additional comparison view and/or training does not seem to be clinically relevant in SNAC staging. There is room for improvement in the way we assess patients with SNAC wrists.

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Acceptance Rates and Beliefs toward COVID-19 Vaccination among the General Population of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Survey

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.21-0297 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Farah Yasmin ◽

Waleed Asghar ◽

Maryam Salma Babar ◽

Hiba Khan ◽

Shoaib Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Public ◽

Polio Vaccination ◽

Acceptance Rates ◽

To Receive ◽

Do So

Developing countries like Pakistan have previously suffered from barriers to acceptance of vaccination by the public because of financial and belief barriers. This study aims to explore these beliefs and highlight concerns regarding vaccine hesitancy in the general population of Pakistan since they are a hindrance to an effective coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) immunization in the country. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 1,778 participants from all four provinces of Pakistan. Results from the study showed more than half of the participants to be unsure of the safety (50%) and efficacy (51%) of the vaccine, whereas 42% were concerned about the side effects of the vaccine. About 72% of the respondents planned to get vaccinated, whereas 28% refused to do so. Internationally made imported vaccines were more trusted by the participants. Forty-four percent of the participants agreed to receive the vaccine upon recommendation from a physician. Lastly, participants who believed in the efficacy of the polio vaccination also considered the COVID-19 vaccine to be safe and effective.

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Epidemiology of traumatic injuries to the permanant incisors of 9-12-years-old school children in Damascus, Syria

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/2001.7.1-2.291 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 7 (1-2) ◽

pp. 291-301

Author(s):

N. Al Beiruti ◽

W. Marcenes ◽

D. Tayfour ◽

S. Issa

Keyword(s):

Primary Schools ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Traumatic Injuries ◽

The Difference ◽

Dental Injuries

This cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess epidemiological data concerning dental injuries to the permanent incisors of Syrian children. It included 1087 children aged 9 to 12 years, of both sexes, randomly selected from public and private primary schools in Damascus. The response rate was 100%. The prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors rose from 5.2% at the age of 9 years to 11.7% at the age of 12 years [P = 0.007]. The difference in prevalence between boys and girls was not statistically significant [P > 0.05]. The majority [59.8%] of children who had experienced injuries to the permanent incisors reported that they were not taken to the dentist for evaluation or treatment of the damage. Among those children who had experienced traumatic injuries to the teeth 93.1% presented with untreated damage. Because some injuries were minor, such as small enamel fractures, the proportion of children who needed treatment was 63.2%. There was a tendency for children with an incisal overjet greater than 5 mm to have experienced dental injuries [P = 0.06]. Children with inadequate lip covcmgc were more likely to have experienced dental injuries than those with adequate lip coverage [P = 0.000]. The most common reported cause of iniuries to the permanent incisors was violence [42.5%], followed by traffic accidents [24.1%] collisions with people or inanimate objects [16.0%] and falls [9.1%]. In conclusion, traumatic dental injury may pose a serious dental public health problem.

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Knowledge and ability to manage medical emergencies among dental students

Journal of Oral Medicine Oral Surgery Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology ◽

10.18231/j.ijooo.2021.050 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 161-166

Author(s):

Chitturi Prashanthi ◽

Prashant B Patil ◽

Vajendra Joshi ◽

Kiran Kumar K R ◽

Shilpa R T

Keyword(s):

Life Support ◽

Dental Students ◽

Medical Emergency ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Medical Emergencies ◽

The Difference

: An emergency can be encountered anytime and anywhere. Minimal knowledge about medical emergency and their etiology, primary protocol for management must be known to avoid potential consequences. Hence, the present study was undertaken to compare the knowledge, and ability to handle the medical emergencies among the dental students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 100 randomly selected dental students (post-graduate students and interns) comprising of two groups of students those who had underwent training and those who did not. The data obtained was analyzed using the SPSS for windows version 22.0 released 2013. Independent chi square test was used for comparison of responses and independent student t-test was used for the comparison of mean scores. The significance level was set at p<0.001. : The average mean knowledge and ability score was 68% & 61.4% respectively among the participants. On further comparison of mean knowledge & ability scores between the participants with & without basic life support training, participants with BLS training showed better knowledge than those without training and the difference was statistically significant between the two groups (p<0.001%). The study found deficiencies in the knowledge and ability of untrained graduates to deal with medical emergencies as compared to trained.

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Blue ocean leadership activities improve firm performance

International Journal of Lean Six Sigma ◽

10.1108/ijlss-09-2018-0102 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 359-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kok Liang Loh ◽

Shari Mohd Yusof

Keyword(s):

Firm Performance ◽

Lean Manufacturing ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Management Level ◽

Rigorous Research ◽

The Difference

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediation effect of Blue Ocean Leadership (BOL) activities between lean manufacturing (LM) practices and firm performance. Design/methodology/approach This study applied sequential mixed method with expert opinion in the first stage and cross-sectional survey from automotive vendor companies in the second stage. The samples were drawn using random sampling procedure from automotive vendor companies in Malaysia with the final number of respondents of 64. Four main hypotheses were developed and tested statistically by applying multivariate data analysis using SmartPLS3.0 SEM software. Findings The results provide evidence that LM practices have positive and significant impact on firm performance. Moreover, activities of Genba-Kaizen significantly improve the firm performance by an amazing 30 per cent. Research limitations/implications The data used in the survey represent self-reporting by mainly the top management in operations or production. It is recommended for future study to include middle and lower management level to understand the difference of their activities. Besides, it is proposed to extent the population beyond automotive industry. Practical implications This study contributes to the LM body of knowledge by identifying the relationships between the LM practices, firm performance and BOL activities. Understanding these will help lean practitioners especially the leaders in making better decision in both manufacturing and service organizations. Thus, increasing the staff motivation and engagement eventually contributes to the firm performance. Originality/value Although there are growing numbers of anecdotal and empirical evidences in favour of LM in manufacturing environment, there has been almost no theory-building and methodologically rigorous research examining the link between the leaders’ activities with LM practices and firm performance. This study is addressing such gaps.

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Effect of Audit Expectation Gap in Nigerian Capital Market

International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting ◽

10.5296/ijafr.v4i2.6485 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 294 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paul N. Onulaka

Keyword(s):

Capital Market ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Public ◽

Expectation Gap ◽

The Relationship

Audit expectation gap is a phenomenon that presently attracts the attention of researchers all over the world. The basic problem is in the area of how the public perceives the role of the auditor, which in most cases centers on the prevention of fraud and irregularities. On the other hand the auditor and the auditing profession always exonerate themselves from the fact and perception of the public towards their work. However, the continued litigation against the auditor and the auditing profession has called on a rethink on the relationship of the auditor and the audit work he performs This paper is structured to briefly establish what auditing and its expectations gap is and the relationship audited financial statement has on capital market and to investigate if the identified gaps have any significant effect in the volume of transactions in the Nigerian capital market.It sought to establish the perception of the capital market operators on its existence. Respondents view was also sought on how the gap could be narrowed. Chi-square (χ2) was used to analyze the data obtained from the study. The data were obtained through questionnaire. Two hundred and ninety (290) copies of the instrument were found useful out of 350 copies distributed using purposive sampling technique. In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Lagos and Abuja stock Exchange to capture the perceptions of key users of financial statements in Nigerian capital market. The tests of hypothesis were done using Microsoft Excel 2010 version. Tests were carried out at a significant level of 5% and twelve degree of freedom. The findings of the study indicated that there is a wide expectation gap in the areas of auditors’ responsibility for fraud prevention and detection. Audit expectation gap has negative impact on the volume of transactions in Nigerian stock exchange.

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