Sequential antibiotic therapy: the right patient, the right time and the right outcome

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Davey ◽  
D. Nathwani
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Fernando Eduardo Coria-Valdiosera

Introduction: The microorganisms own different resistance mechanisms that allow them to resist the chemo-mechanical cleanliness of root canal and antibiotic therapies causing the persistence of apical lesions. Methods: This clinical case describes a male patient diagnosed with pulp necrosis in the right lower central incisor due to trauma, which developed apical periodontitis manifesting itself extra orally. Root canal treatment along with antibiotic therapy was performed, but because the infectious process persisted, endodontic retreatment and a new antibiotic therapy were carried out, however, the clinical evolution was not favorable. For this reason, the intentional replantation was chosen as the outright treatment, performing apicectomy and curettage of the periapical lesion, from which the isolation and taxonomic study of microorganisms were carried out, with the respective antibiogram. Results: In the 10-day clinical follow-up, the extraoral infectious process disappeared almost completely and 6 months later, a complete repair of the bone tissue was observed on the tomography. Conclusion: A better understanding of the persistence of apical periodontitis was achieved by taxonomic identification of bacteria and the intentional replantation allowed to remove the apical biofilm gaining an excellent wound healing.


2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Reid ◽  
Paul J. Holman

✓The authors describe a case of osteomyelitis of the craniocervical junction caused by iatrogenic infection of the spine during corticosteroid injection therapy. This 58-year-old diabetic man presented with acute exacerbation of neck pain that had began 4 months prior to admission. He did not experience the associated fever, chills, or sweats, but he did notice transient weakness in the right upper extremity. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the cervical spine demonstrated a destructive process involving the odontoid and the left occipitocervical and atlantoaxial joints that was not present on a CT obtained 2 months earlier, just before trigger-point and left-sided C1–2 facet joint corticosteroid injections. A diagnosis of staphylococcal osteomyelitis was made, and initial treatment with external immobilization and appropriate antibiotic therapy failed to control radiographically demonstrated and clinical progression. The patient was successfully treated using staged anterior decompression and posterior instrumented fusion with prolonged antibiotic therapy. To the authors' knowledge this case is the first reported instance of iatrogenic pyogenic osteomyelitis of the craniocervical junction successfully treated with anterior decompression and delayed posterior arthrodesis.


2021 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
S. V. Starostina ◽  
D. A. Sivokhin

Acute rhinosinusitis is one of the most common diseases in the world. According to statistics, about 10 million cases are registered in Russia every year.Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) in most cases develops as a result of an acute respiratory viral disease, proceeds easily and it does not require antibiotic therapy. However, it significantly reduces the patient's quality of life in cases of moderate and severe disease, and in the absence of timely treatment, can lead to intracranial complications (meningitis, encephalitis, intracranial abscesses, etc.) and orbital (reactive edema of the eyelid, phlegmon of the orbit, periorbital abscesses, etc.). To avoid complications, with exacerbation of rhinosinusitis, it is necessary to choose the right antibiotic therapy, taking into account the resistance of the microorganisms that caused the disease.The article describes the differential diagnosticprinciples of bacterial rhinosinusitis according to the latest recommendations and research in this area, the most common antibiotic-resistant pathogens in the practice of an ENT doctor are presented, the issue of choosing the correct systemic antibiotic therapy for the treatment of patients with moderate and severe acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is considered according to modern data on the sensitivity of bacterial pathogens to antibacterial drugs prescribed in the otorhinolaryngologist's practice. The article presents data on a new universal cephalosporin of the 3rd generation (the active ingredient is cefditoren), as a second- and third-line drug, due to its high activity against most causative agents of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, and clinical observation using the above antibacterial agent within the framework of the considered topics.


Author(s):  
David Scordino

Appendicitis is caused by acute inflammation of the appendix (usually secondary to obstruction) and can result in perforation, leading to peritonitis, sepsis, and/or abscess formation. Symptomatology includes anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and periumbilical pain (later localizing to the right lower quadrant). Patients at the extremes of age and pregnant women may have atypical presentations and higher rates of perforation and complications. Most patients suspected of having appendicitis receive prompt surgical intervention (usually laparoscopic). Antibiotic therapy, initiated preoperatively, varies for perforated vs nonperforated appendicitis. In patients with evidence of a contained abscess, nonoperative therapy is considered, as abscess is evidence of a prolonged disease course (more than 5 days) prior to presentation. On imaging, patients may have a well-circumscribed abscess or phlegmon; if immediate surgical intervention is attempted, there is significant risk of morbidity due to adhesions to adjacent tissues.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Ermilton Barreira Parente Júnior ◽  
Marlon Daniel Gomes Coelho ◽  
Thais Mahassem Cavalcante de Macedo Parente ◽  
Olivia Maria Veloso Coutinho ◽  
Oscar Nunes Alves

Introdução: Abscessos cerebrais múltiplos são focos de infecções piogênicas do parênquima cerebral que requerem uma atenção imediata e eficaz para reducão de morbimortalidade. A identificação do agente etiológico e do foco infeccioso normalmente é de grande valia na programação terapêutica. Esse trabalho busca relatar um raro caso de abscessos cerebrais múltiplos em paciente imunocompetente e sem fatores de risco evidentes, e o papel fundamental da antibioticoterapia empírica na resolução do caso. Relato do caso: Paciente, 75 anos, sem evidência de imunossupressão e doenças prévias iniciou quadro de alterações das atividades básicas da vida diária, confusão de tempo e espaço, hipersonia, lentificação da marcha, disartria e dor em pontada na região temporal direita que não cessava ao uso de analgésicos. Em Ressôncia magnética evidenciou-se múltiplos abscessos em região temporal gerando efeito de massa e hipertensão intracraniana. Realizado craniotomias com drenagens de secreções purulentas e culturas do material que não identificaram o agente etiológico. Discussão: A abordagem terapêutica dos abscessos cerebrais ainda não se encontra definida. Em virtude disso, cada caso tem sido conduzido de forma individualizada de acordo com a localização das lesões, seu estágio evolutivo e as condições clínicas do paciente. No caso em questão não indentificou-se a origem dos abscessos e a resolução do quadro foi obtida através das drenagens cirúrgicas em associação a antibioticoterapia empírica. Com os avanços da neuroimagem e da farmacologia, a redução da mortalidade por abscessos cerebrais reduziu para menos de 10%. Porém, a não identificação de um agente etiológico e diversas abordagens neurocirúrgicas podem acarretar em mais comorbidades para o paciente. Apresentamos um raro caso de abcessos cerebrais em paciente imunocompetente sem identificação de organismo agressor e o papel da antibioticoterapia empírica na resolução do caso.   Palavras-chave: abscesso encefálico; imunocompetência; diagnóstico;  terapêutica; antimicrobianos. ABSTRACT Introduction: Multiple brain abscesses are centers of pyogenic cerebral parenchymal infections that require immediate and effective attention to reduce morbidity and mortality. The identification of the etiologic agent and the infectious focus are usually of great value in terms of therapeutic planning. This paper seeks to report a rare case of multiple brain abscesses in an immunocompetent patient with no evident risk factors and the fundamental role that empirical antibiotic therapy plays in the resolution of the case. Case report: A 75-year-old patient with no evidence of immunosuppression and previous illnesses began to experience changes in her basic daily live activities, confusion in time and space, hypersomnia, gait slowing, dysarthria and stabbing pain in the right temporal region of the brain that would not cease even with use of analgesics. Magnetic Resonance revealed multiple abscesses in the temporal region generating mass effect and intracranial hypertension. It was performed craniotomies with drainage of purulent secretions and it was prepared cultures out of the material which resulted in no identification of the etiological agent. Discussion: The therapeutic approach of brain abscesses has not yet been defined. As a result, each case has been conducted in an individualized manner according to the location of the lesions, their evolutionary stage and the patient's clinical conditions. In the case of this report, the abscess’ origin was not identified and the resolution of the condition was obtained through surgical drainage in association with empirical antibiotic therapy. With advances in neuroimaging and pharmacology, reduction in mortality from brain abscesses reduced to less than 10%. However, failure to identify an etiologic agent and several neurosurgical approaches may lead to more comorbidities for the patient. We present a rare case of cerebral abscesses in an immunocompetent patient without identification of an aggressor organism and the importance of empirical antibiotic therapy in the resolution of the case. Keywords: brain abscess; immunocompetence; diagnosis; therapeutics; anti-infective agents.


Author(s):  
Mahshid Talebi-Taher ◽  
MPH MD ◽  
Shokoufeh Hajsadeghi ◽  
Aida Iranpour ◽  
Seyed Mahdi Pahlavani

  Inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis is a rare medical condition. Suppurative thrombophlebitis of the IVC is even a more uncommon subtype of IVC thrombosis and is mostly associated with IVC filters or venous catheters. We describe a 66-year-old man with persistent fever and history of pyonephrosis secondary to transurethral lithotripsy 1 month before recent admission. Computed tomography scan of the chest and abdomen revealed a filling defect in the IVC protruding into the right atrium. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) revealed a large mass at the origin of the IVC entering into the right atrium, suggestive of a clot. Diagnosis of suppurative thrombophlebitis of the IVC secondary to a retroperitoneal abscess was made, and intravenous antibiotic therapy for 6 weeks without anticoagulation conferred ample thrombus resolution. Follow-up TEE in week 16 showed no residual thrombus in the IVC.


1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-436
Author(s):  
D. K. Mukherjee

SummaryA CASE of granulomatous vasculitis affecting vessels in the left temporal area of the skull, and also vessels in the right and left axillary areas, is described. Initially, the patient responded favourably to antibiotic therapy, raising the possibility of a microbiologic agent as the causative factor of this puzzling disorder. Finally she has responded very favourably to steroids, thereby indicating a possible immunologic basis for the condition, as has already been postulated by several authors.


VASA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poloczek ◽  
Amann-Vesti ◽  
Thalhammer ◽  
Meier ◽  
Husmann

We report the case of a 48 year old male with human immuno-deficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infection and previous grafting of a thoracic aortic aneurysm. He returned from a trip to India with fever and in a poor physical condition. Diagnostic work-up revealed septicaemia with staphylococcus aureus, infection of the aortic graft with covered rupture of the proximal anastomosis and mitral valve endocarditis. Following antibiotic therapy, implantation of a transcutaneous endovascular aortic prosthesis and mitral valve repair were performed. During the postoperative period, the patient complained of pain and a palpable pulsating mass in the right cubital fossa. Ultrasound scan revealed a pseudoaneurysm at the brachial artery bifurcation. Since there were no signs of venous puncture in this area, we assumed this to be a mycotic pseudoaneurysm resulting from septic embolism. In the absence of clinical signs of inflammation, this pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated by ultrasound-guided thrombin injection. Irrespective of the cause for this mycotic pseudoaneurysm of the brachial artery, percutaneous ultrasound-guided thrombin closure in combination with antibiotic therapy might be a feasible, safe, cheap and minimally-invasive alternative to surgery.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-293
Author(s):  
Bartosz J. Sapilak

Resistance to antibiotics is becoming a serious clinical problem. It increases the cost of treatment and is the reason for the failure of therapy. It cannot be eliminated, but the principles of prevention must be respected. First, do not prescribe chemotherapeutics in the therapy of viral infections and symptomatic treatment, after the second care to the selection of a sufficiently high dose, recommend regular intake of the drug and do not shorten the time of therapy. It is also important to choose the right active substance, which should be conditioned by the expected sensitivity of bacteria, the localization of inflammation and the age of the patient. Do not forget about the accompanying therapy, including the ordination of the probiotic and antifungal protection.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e242656
Author(s):  
Satoshi Hayano ◽  
Masayuki Kashima

A 44-year-old man presented to the emergency department with fever and right anterior chest pain. He reported a persistent cough and the development of sudden-onset right anterior chest pain after coughing. The inspiratory pain in the right lung was severe, and therefore deep breathing was impossible. Chest CT revealed a fracture in the right seventh rib with consolidation and pleural effusion. A pleural fluid culture test result was positive for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. He was diagnosed with empyema associated with a cough-induced rib fracture. Thoracic drainage tube placement and intravenous antibiotic therapy successfully ameliorated his condition. He was discharged on day 13 and switched to an 8-week course of oral antibiotic therapy. There was no clinical relapse at the 6-month follow-up.


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