Procedure 26 Construction of amperometric immunosensors for the analysis of cholera antitoxin and comparison of the performances between three different enzyme markers

Abstract gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT) is a plasma membrane-associated enzyme present in blasts of certain acute leukemias. We analyzed 90 cases of undifferentiated and differentiated acute leukemias for gamma- GT, using a colorimetric assay. Blasts of all patients with common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and T-ALL were negative for gamma-GT (less than 5 units). In contrast, gamma-GT was significantly elevated in acute myeloblastic or monoblastic leukemia blasts (P less than .001). In 16 cases of acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) studied, the levels of gamma-GT ranged from 0 to 93 units; in eight cases, gamma- GT was positive (greater than 5 units), and six of these had 2% to 5% Sudan black-positive leukemic cells in the blast-enriched suspension. Combined gamma-GT/TdT analysis revealed that both enzyme markers were mutually exclusive in 75% of AUL cases, suggesting that gamma-GT+/TdT- blasts are of nonlymphoid origin, and gamma-GT-/TdT+ blasts are of lymphoid origin. Two cases were devoid of both enzyme activities and could represent truly undifferentiated leukemia. Thus, combined gamma- GT/TdT analysis underlines the heterogeneity of AUL and appears to be useful in defining the lineage commitment of undifferentiated leukemic blasts.

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Subacute Hepatotoxicity of Extracts of Senna occidentalis Seeds in Swiss Albino Mice

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2020/8843044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Egziharia Mokonen Gebrezgi ◽

Mebrahtom Gebrelibanos Hiben ◽

Kidanemariam Gaim Kidanu ◽

Amanuel Tesfay Tsegay

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Liver Enzyme ◽

Liver Tissue ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Treated Group ◽

Mice Model ◽

Water Control ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Albino Mice ◽

Enzyme Markers

Senna occidentalis is potentially toxic to humans and animals. Its seeds are crop contaminant weeds in some localities where liver disease is prevalent. This study assessed the subacute hepatotoxicity of S. occidentalis seeds in mice model. Three groups of female Swiss Albino mice (25–28 g, aged 8–10 weeks) received distilled water (control), 400, and 1000 mg/kg extract of S. occidentalis seed, respectively. At the end of the study, body weight and liver organ weight were recorded, and tissue and blood samples were collected and analyzed. The results indicated that the extract treated groups, at both doses, showed significant (p≤0.001) decrease in mean body weight gain in the fourth week of the experiment. Besides, the extract treated groups showed significant (p≤0.001) elevation of liver enzyme markers: alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Also, histopathological examinations of liver tissue showed moderate microvesicular steatosis of hepatocytes and mild inflammation in the 400 mg/kg treated group as well as marked micro- and macrovesicular steatosis, focal area necrosis, and periportal inflammation with mononuclear cell infiltration in the 1000 mg/kg treated group. Thus, these findings show that S. occidentalis seeds exhibit hepatotoxicity in mice, characterized by changes in liver tissue architecture and liver enzyme levels.

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The Impact of Pre-Slaughter Stress on Beef Eating Quality

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9090612 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 612 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kate M.W. Loudon ◽

Garth Tarr ◽

Ian J. Lean ◽

Rod Polkinghorne ◽

Peter McGilchrist ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Stress ◽

Rest Period ◽

Biceps Femoris ◽

Road Transport ◽

Eating Quality ◽

Sensory Score ◽

Muscle Groups ◽

Enzyme Markers ◽

Mixed Groups ◽

The Impact

The study evaluated the relationship between pre-slaughter stress, plasma biomarkers and consumer-evaluated eating quality of pasture raised beef cattle (n = 488). The design tested steer only, heifer only and mixed sex cattle with a comparison of direct kill versus a 14 day rest period in abattoir holding paddocks prior to slaughter. Experiment One sourced cattle from four farms and tested shipping and road transport. Experiment Two sourced cattle from four farms and tested a commercial saleyard pathway. The impact on treatment on untrained consumer eating quality scores were tested on five muscle groups, m. psoas major, m. longissimus dorsi lumborum, m. biceps femoris, m. semitendinosis, and m. infraspinatus. Across all muscles, a two-week rest period had the biggest improvement in sensory score. Mixed groups scored lower in the outside muscle than non-mixed groups. However, the mixing response was inconsistent in the eye round muscle and not significant in the other muscles. Plasma glucose and L-lactate indicated a marked acute stress response at slaughter with a small detrimental impact on consumer score. The muscle damage enzyme markers creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were strongly associated with a lower meat quality score (MQ4). Neither β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) nor non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were associated with MQ4, suggesting that fat mobilisation does not impact consumer sensory score.

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Aggregation and release in thrombocytes of the duck

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.229.1.206 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 229 (1) ◽

pp. 206-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

RA Stiller ◽

FA Belamarich ◽

D Shepro

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Adenine Nucleotides ◽

Intracellular Enzyme ◽

Release Reaction ◽

No Release ◽

Metabolic Pool ◽

Enzyme Markers ◽

Induced Aggregation

Avian thromboyctes are aggregated by a number of substances that cause platelet aggregation, and evidence suggests that this response is related to the release of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) from intracellular granules. In this study duck thrombocytes released 5-HT during collagen-induced aggregation, but thrombocytes incubated with 14C-labeled adenine did not release radioactive adenine nucleotides. These results indicate the existence of a metabolic pool of adenine nucleotides that is separate from released constituents of the cell. No unlabeled adenine compounds were detected in the supernatants of aggregated thrombocytes indicating either the rapid alteration of released nucleotides or the absence of a specific release pool of adenine nucleotides. Finally there is no release of the intracellular enzyme markers, lactate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase, and acid phosphatase, during collagen-induced aggregation. These findings suggest that avian thrombocytes exhibit a specific release reaction and that serotonin acts as the functional counterpart of ADP in platelet aggregation.

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