Economic impact of diabetes in Slovakia: Direct costs are closely related to glycemic control

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Boris Krahulec ◽  
Peter Minarik ◽  
Miroslav Gudaba ◽  
Lujza Štrbova ◽  
František Valašek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Direct Costs

Clinical and Economic Impact of ‘ROS1-Testing’ Strategy Compared to a ‘No- ROS1-Testing’ Strategy in Advanced NSCLC in Spain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Rojo ◽  
Esther Conde ◽  
Héctor Torres ◽  
Luis Cabezón-Gutiérrez ◽  
Dolores Bautista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Markov Model ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Advanced Nsclc ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Testing Strategy ◽  
Lifetime Horizon ◽  
Life Years

Abstract Background: Detection of the ROS1 rearrangement is mandatory in patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to allow targeted therapy with specific inhibitors. However, in Spanish clinical practice ROS1 determination is not yet fully widespread. The aim of this study is to determine the clinical and economic impact of sequentially testing ROS1 in addition to EGFR and ALK in Spain.Methods: A joint model (decision-tree and Markov model) was developed to determine the cost-effectiveness of testing ROS1 strategy versus a no-ROS1 testing strategy in Spain. Distribution of ROS1 techniques, rates of testing, positivity, and invalidity of biomarkers included in the analysis (EGFR, ALK, ROS1 and PD-L1) were based on expert opinion and Lungpath real-world database. Treatment allocation depending on the molecular testing results was defined by expert opinion. For each treatment, a 3-states Markov model was developed, where progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) curves were parameterized using exponential extrapolations to model transition of patients among health states. Only medical direct costs were included (€ 2021). A lifetime horizon was considered and a discount rate of 3% was applied for both costs and effects. Both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to address uncertainty.Results: A target population of 8,755 patients with advanced NSCLC (non-squamous or never smokers squamous) entered the model. Over a lifetime horizon, the ROS1 testing scenario produced additional 157.5 life years and 121.3 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared with no-ROS1 testing scenario. Total direct costs were increased up to € 2,244,737 for ROS1 testing scenario. The incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) was 18,514 €/QALY. Robustness of the base-case results were confirmed by the sensitivity analysis.Conclusions: Our study shows that ROS1 testing in addition to EGFR and ALK is a cost-effective strategy compared to no-ROS1 testing, and it generates more than 120 QALYs in Spain over a lifetime horizon. Despite the low prevalence of ROS1 rearrangements in NSCLC patients, the clinical and economic consequences of ROS1 testing should encourage centers to test all advanced or metastatic NSCLC (non-squamous and never-smoker squamous) patients.

The Manifold Economic Impact of Multiple Sclerosis – Indirect and Direct Costs of Managing Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 ((Suppl.1)) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W Brandes ◽  
Peter Rieckmann ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Speech Impairments ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Physical Burden ◽  
Working Age

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with a significant economic burden, not only in terms of direct costs (drugs, hospital admissions, healthcare aids), but also indirect costs including loss of income, reduction of productivity, burden on caregivers and family members, and a reduction in patient quality of life (QoL). The disease has a marked effect on employment, with less than 20 % of patients of working age in employment at higher disability levels (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] 6.8–8.0). Disabilities, fatigue, cognitive impairments, transportation difficulties, speech impairments and bladder and bowel problems all impact on the patient’s ability to work and their QoL. The economic costs of MS do not just impact the patient. The stress and physical burden of caring for a friend or relative with MS may also impact on the finances and health of caregivers and increase their own requirement for healthcare resources. The increasing availability of disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) and earlier diagnosis of the condition has resulted in an increase in the direct costs of MS related to expenditure on DMDs. However, due to the significant increase in costs that are associated with increasing disease severity, interventions aimed at delaying disease progression may help to reduce the economic burden of MS. This article will review the direct, indirect and intangible costs of MS and discuss the economic impact of drug development on these costs.

Economic Impact of Ramipril on Hospitalization of High-Risk Cardiovascular Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathryn A Carroll ◽  
Michael M Coen ◽  
Robert W Piepho
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
The Cost

OBJECTIVE: To estimate differences in direct costs attributable to avoided hospitalizations and procedures during the years of the HOPE (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation) study after the cost of treatment with ramipril or alternative angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy was taken into account. METHODS: A decision analytical model was developed to estimate the economic impact of reductions in hospitalizations and/or procedures both at annual increments and over the first 4 years of the HOPE study. The analysis compared the number of cardiovascular events per endpoint per year in the intervention and placebo group with hospitalization and procedural costs. Cost data were derived from the literature and inflated to the appropriate index year using the consumer price index. RESULTS: For approximately 9000 patients studied, the gross estimated savings in direct costs for 297 events avoided were more than $5 million over 4 years. After the cost of treatment was deducted for both groups, the net estimated savings were $871 000 over 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that the use of ramipril provides cost-effective treatment for high-risk cardiovascular patients with an ejection fraction >40%.

scholarly journals A Review of Measures of Aggregate Mental Health Costs in Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Jacobs ◽  
Francine Knoops ◽  
Alain Lesage
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Health Costs ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
Mental Health Costs ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
Human Costs ◽  
Cost Components

Since 2000, 5 studies have been published that each purported to estimate aggregate national mental health costs in Canada. Each of these studies used a different method. Our aim was to compare the studies, and we created a framework for the different elements used to assess mental health costs (direct costs, indirect costs, transfer payments, and “human” costs). In addition, each study used different parameters (population covered, diagnosis) and cost components to estimate the economic impact of mental health. Our framework can help analysts to understand the purpose of different cost components. We conclude that to achieve a consensus on the magnitude of mental health costs, we need to use more standardized approaches.

The Global Cost of Endodontic Therapies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goldberg M
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Global Cost ◽  
Dental Diseases

The yearly global economic impact of dental diseases is about $442 billion. The direct costs due to dental diseases are $298 billion annually, corresponding to 4.6% of global health expenditure. Each year an amount of $400 billion is spent, including millions of dental procedures and pointing to imperative needs for tooth therapies.

scholarly journals Economic impact of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando García-Rodríguez ◽  
Augusto Gamboa-Alonso ◽  
Sol Jiménez-Hernández ◽  
Lucero Ochoa-Alderete ◽  
Valeria Alejandra Barrientos-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Biological Therapy ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Therapy Initiation ◽  
The Family ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) requires complex care that generate elevated costs, which results in a high economic impact for the family. The aim of this systematic review was to collect and cluster the information currently available on healthcare costs associated with JIA after the introduction of biological therapies. Methods We comprehensively searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Databases for studies from January 2000 to March 2021. Reviewers working independently and in duplicate appraised the quality and included primary studies that report total, direct and/or indirect costs related to JIA for at least one year. The costs were converted to United States dollars and an inflationary adjustment was made. Results We found 18 eligible studies including data from 6,540 patients. Total costs were reported in 10 articles, ranging from $310 USD to $44,832 USD annually. Direct costs were reported in 16 articles ($193 USD to $32,446 USD), showing a proportion of 55 to 98 % of total costs. Those costs were mostly related to medications and medical appointments. Six studies reported indirect costs ($117 USD to $12,385 USD). Four studies reported costs according to JIA category observing the highest in polyarticular JIA. Total and direct costs increased up to three times after biological therapy initiation. A high risk of reporting bias and inconsistency of the methodology used were found. Conclusion The costs of JIA are substantial, and the highest are derived from medication and medical appointments. Indirect costs of JIA are underrepresented in costs analysis.

Glycemic control and treatment predict symptom clustering in diabetes mellitus (DM)

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A232-A232
Author(s):  
J HAMMER ◽  
S HOWELL ◽  
M HOROWITZ ◽  
N TALLEY
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Symptom Clustering
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