A reduction in blood insulin levels as a host endocrine response during tumor development

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1113-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Oscar Besedovsky ◽  
Sigurd Normann ◽  
Martin Schardt ◽  
Adriana del Rey
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Development ◽  
Endocrine Response ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Blood Insulin

Obesity-inducing hypothalamic knife cuts: effects on lipolysis and blood insulin levels

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (3) ◽  
pp. R445-R449
Author(s):  
G. A. Bray ◽  
A. Sclafani ◽  
D. Novin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamus ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Blood Insulin ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Glucose Plasma

The effect of two experimental manipulations designed to mobilize lipids from adipose tissue have been investigated in rats with parasagittal knife cuts in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). Those animals which displayed hyperphagia during the initial 5 days VMH knife cuts were then restricted in food intake to reduce body weights to levels comparable to that of the sham-operated controls. Two weeks following the knife-cut lesions, or sham operations, animals in the first experiment were exposed to the cold for 60 min, and those in the second experiment were injected with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG). The injections of 2-DG increased the level of glycerol in the control animals but not in the animals with VMH knife cuts. Both groups showed a rise in glucose. Plasma insulin and triglycerides were the same in both groups. Exposure to the cold increased the level of glycerol in both groups. The insulin levels were lower in the corresponding groups with knife cuts. These studies show that VMH knife cuts do not produce hyperinsulinemia in pair-gained rats.

Effect Of Troglitazone On Blood Insulin Levels After Pancreas Transplantation With Systemic Venous Drainage In Rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1476-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Uchiyama ◽  
Ichiro Nakai ◽  
Yoshihiro Shimizu ◽  
Manabu Mitsuo ◽  
Yohichi Yasunami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreas Transplantation ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Blood Insulin

scholarly journals Influence of maternal HbA1C on fetal insulin levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Yashoda H. T. ◽  
Swetha B. ◽  
Manasa G.
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Medical Complication ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Blood Insulin ◽  
Gestation Age ◽  
Cord Blood Collection ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Background: Gestational diabetes is the most common medical complication during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to study the effect of maternal HbA1C levels on fetal insulin levels.Methods: Study was conducted at KIMS. 57 babies born to eligible diabetic pregnant women aged between19 to 40 years with gestational age between 35 and 42 weeks were recruited. Multiple births, gestational age <34 weeks, steroids given within 24 hours before birth, delay of >20 minutes in cord blood collection, delay of >60 minutes before freezing of plasma were excluded. Maternal investigations (HbA1C) were collected from maternal records. Umbilical cord blood was collected immediately after delivery and insulin levels were measured.Results: In this study, mean cord blood insulin levels were 7.83±3.53 μU/ml, mother’s mean HbA1C levels were 6.47±1.26. Statistically significant association was found between maternal HbA1C levels and fetal insulin levels. (r 0.37; P 0.004).Conclusions: Increased cord blood insulin levels were found in infants of diabetic mothers at birth, more so in large for gestation age babies, suggesting inutero fetal programming and hence strict control of maternal diabetes is recommended to decrease long-term fetal effects. 

Possible role of blood insulin levels on glutathione S-transferase activities from different tissues of male rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina E. Carnovale ◽  
Juan A. Monti ◽  
Viviana A. Catania ◽  
Maria C. Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Blood Insulin ◽  
Glucose Levels

The activity of in vitro glutathione S-transferase towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was examined in liver, renal cortex, and small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) after the in vivo treatment of male Wistar rats with streptozotocin or alloxan. The studies were performed at 2, 10, 24, and 48 h and 7 and 15 days after streptozotocin treatment or 24 and 48 h after alloxan treatment. The results indicated that while the blood levels of insulin–glucose did not show variations, there were no alterations of the glutathione S-transferase activity in the tissues tested. On the other hand, when the treatments caused modifications on blood insulin–glucose levels, there were changes of glutathione S-transferase activity in all tissues (except in the ileum) in such a way that a direct relationship between plasma insulin levels and glutathione S-transferase activity could be demonstrated. These results were also confirmed through insulin administration to control and diabetic rats. The data demonstrate a possible regulation of glutathione S-transferase activity by blood insulin and (or) glucose levels in the tissues tested.Key words: insulin, glutathione S-transferase, streptozotocin, alloxan.

scholarly journals Short-Term Calorie Restriction Maintains Plasma Insulin Concentrations along with a Reduction in Hepatic Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Levels in db/db Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1190
Author(s):  
Yudai Nonaka ◽  
Reo Takeda ◽  
Yutaka Kano ◽  
Daisuke Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Insulin Degrading Enzyme ◽  
Degrading Enzyme ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Blood Insulin

Maintaining blood insulin levels is important for patients with diabetes because insulin secretion capacity declines with the development of the disease. Calorie restriction (CR) is effective for the improvement of glucose tolerance, but it is not clear whether CR can maintain insulin levels in the late stage of diabetes. We examined the effect of CR on whole-body glucose tolerance and fasting blood insulin concentrations in the late stage of diabetes. Male db/db mice were subjected to either a standard laboratory diet ad libitum for 3 weeks (dbdb group) or 40% CR (dbdb+CR group). CR significantly decreased body mass and epididymal fat weight. Glucose tolerance and fasting glucose levels were significantly improved with 3-week CR. Fasting insulin concentrations were decreased in the dbdb group but were maintained in the dbdb+CR group. CR significantly reduced insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) levels in the liver, and hepatic IDE levels were significantly positively and negatively correlated with plasma glucose concentrations (area under the curve) after glucose administration and after fasting insulin concentrations, respectively. Therefore, 3-week CR maintained blood insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance with decreased hepatic IDE levels in an animal model of late-stage diabetes.

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pathophysiologic Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C. Westman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Blood Insulin ◽  
Average Adult

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronically elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and elevated blood insulin (hyperinsulinemia). When the blood glucose concentration is 100 milligrams/deciliter the bloodstream of an average adult contains about 5–10 grams of glucose. Carbohydrate-restricted diets have been used effectively to treat obesity and T2DM for over 100 years, and their effectiveness may simply be due to lowering the dietary contribution to glucose and insulin levels, which then leads to improvements in hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Treatments for T2DM that lead to improvements in glycemic control and reductions in blood insulin levels are sensible based on this pathophysiologic perspective. In this article, a pathophysiological argument for using carbohydrate restriction to treat T2DM will be made.

scholarly journals Effect of resistance exercise under conditions of reduced blood insulin on AMPKα Ser485/491 inhibitory phosphorylation and AMPK pathway activation

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (2) ◽  
pp. R110-R119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Kido ◽  
Takumi Yokokawa ◽  
Satoru Ato ◽  
Koji Sato ◽  
Satoshi Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Blood Insulin ◽  
Ampk Pathway ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Exercise Induced

Insulin stimulates skeletal muscle glucose uptake via activation of the protein kinase B/Akt (Akt) pathway. Recent studies suggest that insulin downregulates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity via Ser485/491 phosphorylation of the AMPK α-subunit. Thus lower blood insulin concentrations may induce AMPK signal activation. Acute exercise is one method to stimulate AMPK activation; however, no study has examined the relationship between blood insulin levels and acute resistance exercise-induced AMPK pathway activation. Based on previous findings, we hypothesized that the acute resistance exercise-induced AMPK pathway activation would be augmented by disruptions in insulin secretion through a decrease in AMPKα Ser485/491 inhibitory phosphorylation. To test the hypothesis, 10-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered the toxin streptozotocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg) to destroy the insulin secreting β-cells. Three days postinjection, the right gastrocnemius muscle from STZ and control rats was subjected to resistance exercise by percutaneous electrical stimulation. Animals were killed 0, 1, or 3 h later; activation of the Akt/AMPK and downstream pathways in the muscle tissue was analyzed by Western blotting and real-time PCR. Notably, STZ rats showed a significant decrease in basal Akt and AMPKα Ser485/491 phosphorylation, but substantial exercise-induced increases in both AMPKα Thr172 and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) Ser79 phosphorylation were observed. Although no significant impact on resistance exercise-induced Akt pathway activation or glucose uptake was found, resistance exercise-induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ coactivator-1 α (PGC-1α) gene expression was augmented by STZ treatment. Collectively, these data suggest that circulating insulin levels may regulate acute resistance exercise-induced AMPK pathway activation and AMPK-dependent gene expression relating to basal AMPKα Ser485/491 phosphorylation.

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