Maternal diets with low healthy eating index or mediterranean diet adherence scores are associated with high cord-blood insulin levels and insulin resistance markers at birth

Abstract Background No prior studies have studied the association between diet and physical resilience, thus our aim was to assess the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and other healthy dietary patterns and physical resilience, assessed empirically as a trajectory through exposure to chronic and acute stressors, in older adults participating in the Seniors-ENRICA (The Study on Nutrition and Cardiovascular Risk in Spain) cohort. Methods Data were assessed from 1301 individuals aged 60 and older, participating in the ENRICA prospective cohort study and recruited in 2008–2010 and followed up to 2012 (trial registration: NCT02804672). A Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener score and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 were derived at baseline from a validated diet history. Health status was assessed at baseline and at the end of follow-up with a 52-item health Deficit Accumulation Index (DAI) including 4 domains (physical and cognitive function, mental health, self-rated health/vitality, and morbidity); higher DAI values indicate worse health. Physical resilience was defined as accumulating fewer health deficits than the expected age-related increase in DAI over follow-up, despite exposure to chronic and acute stressors. Results Over a 3.2-year follow-up, 610 individuals showed physical resilience. In multivariate analyses, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of physical resilience for the highest versus lowest tertile (lowest adherence) of the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener score was 1.47 (1.10–1.98). The association held for those maintaining or improving the DAI over follow-up (over-resilience): 1.58 (1.10–2.26). Results were consistent in those with unintentional weight loss (2.21 [1.10–4.88]) or hospitalization (2.32 [1.18, 4.57]) as acute stressors. Conclusion In older adults, a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a greater likelihood of physical resilience.

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Mediterranean Diet and Healthy Eating in Subjects with Prediabetes from the Mollerussa Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13010252 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 252

Author(s):

Mireia Falguera ◽

Esmeralda Castelblanco ◽

Marina Idalia Rojo-López ◽

Maria Belén Vilanova ◽

Jordi Real ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Normal Glucose ◽

Multivariable Analyses

We aimed to assess differences in dietary patterns (i.e., Mediterranean diet and healthy eating indexes) between participants with prediabetes and those with normal glucose tolerance. Secondarily, we analyzed factors related to prediabetes and dietary patterns. This was a cross-sectional study design. From a sample of 594 participants recruited in the Mollerussa study cohort, a total of 535 participants (216 with prediabetes and 319 with normal glucose tolerance) were included. The alternate Mediterranean Diet score (aMED) and the alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI) were calculated. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed. There was no difference in the mean aMED and aHEI scores between groups (3.2 (1.8) in the normoglycemic group and 3.4 (1.8) in the prediabetes group, p = 0.164 for the aMED and 38.6 (7.3) in the normoglycemic group and 38.7 (6.7) in the prediabetes group, p = 0.877 for the aHEI, respectively). Nevertheless, women had a higher mean of aMED and aHEI scores in the prediabetes group (3.7 (1.9), p = 0.001 and 40.5 (6.9), p < 0.001, respectively); moreover, they had a higher mean of aHEI in the group with normoglycemia (39.8 (6.6); p = 0.001). No differences were observed in daily food intake between both study groups; consistent with this finding, we did not find major differences in nutrient intake between groups. In the multivariable analyses, the aMED and aHEI were not associated with prediabetes (odds ratio (OR): 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75–1.87; p = 0.460 and OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.83–2.10; p = 0.246, respectively); however, age (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.05; p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.27–3.22; p = 0.003) and body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.14; p < 0.001) were positively associated with prediabetes. Physical activity was associated with a lower frequency of prediabetes (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.31–0.72; p = 0.001). In conclusion, subjects with prediabetes did not show a different dietary pattern compared with a normal glucose tolerance group. However, further research is needed on this issue.

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Mediterranean Diet Adherence, Body Composition and Performance in Beach Handball Players: A Cross Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18062837 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 2837

Author(s):

Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez ◽

María Martínez-Olcina ◽

María Hernández-García ◽

Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias ◽

Javier Sánchez-Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Individual Performance ◽

Dominant Hand ◽

Diet Adherence ◽

Mediterranean Diet Adherence ◽

And Performance

Background: Beach handball (BH) is a sport in which sporting performance is influenced, together with team interaction, by individual performance in terms of strength. Body composition is one of the main factors for sports performance and eating habits can condition this variable. The Mediterranean diet (MD) can significantly reduce the risk of mortality or cardiovascular disease. In addition, the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment carries out different campaigns to promote it among young athletes, establishing it as a suitable diet for sports. Objectives: The main aims of the study are to assess body composition, physical activity and adherence to the MD of beach handball players. It also aims to evaluate age group differences in male and female players, as well as studying the possible relationship between MD, body composition and performance variables. Methods: A total of 59 Spanish BH players were recruited in the national championship of BH in the province of Alicante. Thirty-eight male (14 junior; 17.0 ± 0.1 years and 24 seniors; 25.5 ± 4.7 years) and twenty-one female (7 junior; 16.1 ± 1.46 years and 14 seniors; 23.2 ± 2.0 years) BH players participated in this study. The questionnaire to evaluate eating habits was Mediterranean diet adherence (KIDMED). Body composition was measured with electrical bioimpedance. Strength was evaluated by means of a maximum isometric handgrip test of the dominant hand with handgrip and height of jump by counter-jump on contact platform. In the statistical analysis, descriptions and correlations between the study variables were made. Results: In females, when the adherence to the MD is lower, the weight is higher, the lean body mass is lower and worse results are observed in performance tests. As for males, there are differences in weight and lean body mass according to category. Conclusions: Adequate eating habits are related to the weight of beach handball athletes. In addition, specifically with junior players, it has been observed that adherence to the MD correlates with weight.

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An Italian Survey on Dietary Habits and Changes during the COVID-19 Lockdown

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1197

Author(s):

Luana Izzo ◽

Antonio Santonastaso ◽

Gaetano Cotticelli ◽

Alessandro Federico ◽

Severina Pacifico ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

World Health ◽

Italian Population ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Diet Adherence ◽

Mediterranean Diet Adherence ◽

The World ◽

The Impact

The World Health Organization has declared the coronavirus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern; the outbreak has led to lockdowns in several parts of the world, and sudden changes in people’s lifestyles. This study explores the impact of the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period on dietary habits, lifestyle changes, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among the Italian population, through an online questionnaire, conducted from April to May 2020, involving 1519 participants. The 14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) highlighted a medium Mediterranean diet adherence in 73.5% of responders, which principally included the younger population, aged 18–30 years (p < 0.05). In regards to changes in eating habits, 33.5% of responders declared an influence of the pandemic period on nutritional practice. A decrease in alcohol consumption was reported by 81% of responders, while an increase in frozen food consumption was reported by 81.3% of responders. In addition, 58.8% reported positive weight modification (40.8%, +1–3 kg); physical activity reduction was reported for 70.5% of responders. Our study contributes toward amplifying the investigation on the dietary habits and changes of the Italian population during the COVID-19 lockdown, although the pandemic is ongoing. Similar studies should be performed around the world to understand how the emergency has impacted people’s habits.

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Influence of Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Physical Activity on Bone Health in Celiac Children on a Gluten-Free Diet

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051636 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1636

Author(s):

Teresa Nestares ◽

Rafael Martín-Masot ◽

Carlos de Teresa ◽

Rocío Bonillo ◽

José Maldonado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Bone Health ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Z Score ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Diet Adherence ◽

Mediterranean Diet Adherence

We aimed to assess the influence of the Mediterranean Diet adherence and physical activity (PA) on body composition, with a particular focus on bone health, in young patients with celiac disease (CD). The CD group (n = 59) included children with CD with a long (>18 months, n = 41) or recent (<18 months, n = 18) adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). The non-celiac group (n = 40) included non-celiac children. After adjusting for potential confounders, the CD group showed lower body weight (p = 0.034), lean mass (p = 0.003), bone mineral content (p = 0.006), and bone Z-score (p = 0.036) than non-celiac children, even when the model was further adjusted for adherence to a GFD for at least 18 months. Among CD children, spending greater time in vigorous physical activity was associated with higher lean mass (p = 0.020) and bone mineral density with evidence of statistical significance (p = 0.078) regardless of the time they followed a GFD. In addition, a greater Mediterranean Diet adherence was associated with a higher bone Z-score (p = 0.020). Moreover, lean mass was strongly associated with bone mineral density and independently explained 12% of its variability (p < 0.001). These findings suggest the importance of correctly monitoring lifestyle in children with CD regarding dietary habits and PA levels to improve lean mass and, consequently, bone quality in this population.

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Mediterranean diet adherence and risk of pancreatic cancer: A pooled analysis of two Dutch cohorts

International Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1002/ijc.31872 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 144 (7) ◽

pp. 1550-1560 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Maya Schulpen ◽

Petra H. Peeters ◽

Piet A. Brandt

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Diet Adherence ◽

Mediterranean Diet Adherence

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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and its Effect on Obesity among Healthy Saudi Adults

The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics ◽

10.21048/ijnd.2020.57.1.23965 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Maha M. Shatwan ◽

Maryam H. Al-Zahrani

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Obesity Risk ◽

Jeddah City ◽

Diet Adherence ◽

Mediterranean Diet Adherence ◽

Global Burden Disease ◽

Great Adherence ◽

Lower Adherence

<p>Obesity is considered as a global burden disease and its prevalence is increased worldwide. Physical inactivity and excessive calorie consumption are associated with increased obesity risk. Therefore, strategies for losing weight involved increased physical activity and reduced calorie and macronutrient diet. Also, recent studies showed that higher adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with lower risk of obesity. This study investigated association between adherence to Mediterranean diet and obesity among healthy Saudi adults. The sample size of 127 participants (50 men and 77 women) from Jeddah city with mean age 38.2 ± 13.3 years and Body Mass Index (BMI) 26.5 ± 5.2. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet (Med-diet) was measured using a validated 14-item questionnaire of Mediterranean diet adherence. Independent t-test was used to examine significant differences between groups. Results showed that lower adherence to Med-diet among the participants was with mean 5.7 ± 1.9. The analysis of 14-item Med-diet questionnaire showed that around 45% of participants used olive oil in cooking and only 35% of participants consumed more than 4 tablespoons of olive oil daily. The consumption from vegetable, fruit and fish was below recommendation from Med-diet, however, the consumption of red meat was high. Individuals with great adherence to Med-diet had lower BMI, however, values were not statistically significant compared to lower adherence to Med-diet. In conclusion, study showed lower adherence to Med-diet among Saudis and adherence to Med-diet was not associated with reduced risk of obesity.</p>

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Trajectories of Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Risk of Hypertension in China: Results from the CHNS Study, 1997–2011

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10122014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Min Gao ◽

Fengbin Wang ◽

Ying Shen ◽

Xiaorou Zhu ◽

Xing Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Proportional Hazards Model ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Incident Hypertension ◽

Diet Adherence ◽

Mediterranean Diet Adherence

Evidence indicates that longitudinal changes in dietary patterns may predict variations in blood pressure (BP) and risk of incident hypertension. We aimed to identify distinct trajectories in the levels of Mediterranean diet adherence (MDA) in China and explore their association with BP levels and hypertension risk using the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1997–2011 data. Three levels of MDA were constructed. The trajectories in these levels were constructed using group-based trajectory modeling. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to measure the association between MDA trajectory groups and the risk of incident hypertension after adjusting for covariates. Finally, 6586 individuals were included. Six distinct MDA trajectory groups were identified: persistently low and gradual decline; rapidly increasing and stabilized; persistently moderate; slightly increasing, steady, and acutely descending; slightly decreasing and acutely elevated; and persistently high. The systolic BP and diastolic BP were significantly lower in trajectory groups with rapidly increasing and stabilized MDA; slightly increasing, steady, and acutely descending MDA; and persistently high MDA. Cox regression analysis showed that the risks of developing hypertension were relatively lower in the group with slightly increasing, steady, and acutely descending MDA (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09–0.32) and the group with rapidly increasing and stabilized MDA (HR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.23–0.42), but the risk was the highest in the trajectory with persistently moderate MDA (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.84–1.08). In conclusion, MDA in China was categorized into six distinct trajectory groups. BP was relatively lower in trajectory groups with initially high or increasing MDA levels. Greater MDA was significantly associated with a lower risk of developing hypertension.

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