Children's Self-Report of Exposure to Violence and Its Relation to Emotional Distress

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amiram Raviv ◽  
Alona Raviv ◽  
Hagit Shimoni ◽  
Nathan A Fox ◽  
Lewis A Leavitt
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Self Report

Self-reports of emotional distress in a sample of urban black high school students

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen W. Freeman ◽  
Karl Rickels ◽  
Emily B. H. Mudd ◽  
George R. Huggins ◽  
Celso-Ramon Garcia
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Students ◽  
Hopkins Symptom Checklist ◽  
Adolescent Groups ◽  
High Distress

SynopsisEmotional distress as assessed by the self-report Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) was examined in a sample of 607 urban black high school students aged 15–18. These adolescents reported high distress primarily about feelings of disadvantage, volatile anger, interpersonal sensitivity and loneliness. Females were significantly more likely than males to indicate emotional distress, although several of the leading distress items were endorsed equally by both groups. Male and female scores across the HSCL factors differed in degree rather than form. The great majority of these adolescents didnotreport significant emotional distress. These data provide a base from a non-clinical sample for comparison with other adolescent groups where emotional distress may play a role.

scholarly journals Impact of Anger on Suicidal Ideation: Mediating Role of Perceived Emotional Distress in Late Adolescents and Emerging Adults with Psychological Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-312
Author(s):  
Soulat Khan ◽  
Tahira Mubashar ◽  
Tanvir Akhtar ◽  
Tayyab Ali Butt
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Mediating Role

The present study addresses impact of anger on suicidal ideation with the mediating role of perceived emotional distress in 40 late adolescents and emerging adults (Girls = 24, Boys = 16) with psychological problems. Participants’ aged between 18 to 25 years (M = 21.65, SD = 1.84). The sample was recruited from counseling centers of two public sector universities. Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory (Osman, Gotierrez, Kropper, Barrios, Chiros, 1998), Perceived Emotional Distress inventory (Moscoso, 2011) and Anger Self-Report (Burney, 2001) were used to assess study variables. Findings indicated that anger and emotional distress had significant positive relationship with suicidal ideation and significant negative relationship with protective thoughts and ideation. Mediation Analysis through Process Macro revealed that perceived emotional distress significantly mediates the relationship between anger and suicidal ideations. No gender differences were found between study variables. The study outcomes highlighted that future strategies for prevention of suicidal ideation must focus on managing emotional distress and anger.

Exposure to Violence and Sexual Risk Among Early Adolescents in Urban Middle Schools

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 889-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin K. Coyle ◽  
Stephanie A. Guinosso ◽  
Jill R. Glassman ◽  
Pamela M. Anderson ◽  
Helen W. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Urban Middle Schools ◽  
Witnessing Violence ◽  
Urban Middle School ◽  
Middle School Youth ◽  
Direct Threat

This article examines the relationship between exposure to violence, fear of exposure to violence, and sexual risk among a sample of urban middle school youth. The sample included 911 seventh-grade students who completed self-report surveys. Approximately 20% of the sample reported at least one direct threat or injury with a weapon in the past 3 months, and 52% reported ever seeing someone seriously injured or killed. Experiencing a direct threat was significantly associated with greater intentions to engage in vaginal intercourse and sexual touching behaviors; witnessing violence was significantly associated with sexual touching. Fearing exposure to violence was not associated with increased sexual risk. Most associations did not differ by gender. These data highlight the potential influence of exposure to violence on sexual risk among early adolescents, and underscore the potential of addressing exposure to violence in sexuality education programs and sexual health services for enhanced impact.

Arthritis self-efficacy beliefs and functioning among osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients: a meta-analytic review

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 948-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Jackson ◽  
Ting Xu ◽  
Xiaojun Jia
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Control Pain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

Abstract Objectives The Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) is a widely used self-report measure of beliefs reflecting confidence in one’s capacity to function despite pain and control pain or other symptoms of arthritis. Despite evidence linking higher ASES scores to lower levels of impairment, pain and emotional distress, numerous modest, non-significant associations have also been observed. In this meta-analysis, we evaluated overall associations between ASES scores and adjustment in RA and OA samples as well as potential moderators that may explain the heterogeneity in these associations. Method Data from 48 samples that met all 10 inclusion criteria (N = 9222 patients) were subject to analyses. Results ASES scores had significant medium average effect sizes with functional impairment, pain severity and emotional distress but substantial heterogeneity was evident for each association. ASES–impairment associations were moderated by the diagnosis, ASES version and ASES subscale content: significantly larger effect sizes were found for studies that included RA patients, used the original 20-item ASES and assessed subscale content reflecting the pursuit of daily activities despite pain (i.e. functional self-efficacy) than for studies based exclusively on OA patients, the eight-item ASES and ASES pain control and other symptom subscales. Relations of ASES scores with pain severity and emotional distress were moderated by ASES version and subscale content, respectively. Conclusion The ASES has significant overall associations with key areas of functioning. Moderator analyses of the measure provide empirically grounded suggestions for optimal use of the ASES within OA and RA patient samples.

Pre-career exposure to violence as a predictor of emotional distress among police recruits

2022 ◽  
pp. 0032258X2110647
Author(s):  
Brooke McQuerrey Tuttle ◽  
Yeokil Cho ◽  
Tia C Waldrop
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Police Stress ◽  
Police Recruits ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Emotional Wellness

The occupational risks to police mental health are widely known; however, less is known about how early life experiences and pre-academy stressors influence the emotional wellness of recruits in an academy setting. The present study investigated the links between pre-career exposure to violence and emotional wellness among a sample of 1,072 police recruits. Results of path analyses revealed that direct exposure to physical violence prior to age 18 was a significant factor for recruit emotional distress, whereas indirect exposure to violence did not significantly predict emotional distress. Findings carry implications for considering a lifespan approach to understanding police stress.

Crying an Motor Behavior of Six-Week-Old Infants and Postpartum Maternal Mood

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton R. Miller ◽  
Ronald G. Barr ◽  
Warren O. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Maternal Distress ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Infant Crying ◽  
Maternal Mood ◽  
Clinically Significant

Objective. To determine whether prepartum and postpartum emotional distress in first-time mothers is associated with crying and fussing behavior and activity level in 6-week-old infants, after eliminating potential biases. Design. Observational study examining predictive and concurrent associations between maternal emotions and infant behaviors. Setting. General community. Participants. Expectant primiparas attending obstetricians' offices for routine prenatal care were recruited in the third trimester. Mothers and babies were required to be free of medical complications to complete the study. Of 113 mothers who enrolled, complete crying/fussing data were obtained in 88 dyads. Activity data were obtained in a designated subgroup of 50 infants. Measurements. Mothers completed a self-report scale of emotional distress, the 28-item General Health Questionnaire, at 34 weeks of gestation and at 6 weeks postpartum. Crying/fussing data were obtained using a previously validated parent diary of infant behavior during the sixth week of life. Motor activity was measured objectively in the home setting with actometers. Results. Third-trimester distress was not related to either infant crying/fussing or activity. Postpartum distress was significantly related to crying/fussing duration and bout frequency (r[88] = .45 and .28, respectively; both P < .01). These relations were not diminished after controlling statistically for background and/or potential mediating variables, nor could they be accounted for by different diary-recording styles in the mothers. Postpartum distress was not, however, related to activity level (r[50] = -.09; not significant). Furthermore, the pattern of maternal distress was associated differentially with crying levels. Distress levels increased from prepartum to postpartum among mothers of infants who met predefined clinical criteria for "colic," while decreasing in the others ("colic" status x period interaction: F(1,86) = 8.2; P < .01). Also, infant crying varied among four groups of mothers who differed according to presence and timing of clinically significant emotional disturbance (one-way analysis of variance, F (3,86) = 9.4; P < .001). Infants of mothers who became significantly distressed postpartum ("reactive") cried more than those in the other groups, even mothers who had been distressed both prepartum and postpartum ("depressed") (3.7 vs 2.7 h/d; P = .05, post hoc Tukey). Conclusions. Maternal emotional distress and infant crying behavior are associated in the postpartum period independent of reporting or referral biases. Clinically significant levels of crying (or "colic") are differentially associated with different patterns of clinically significant maternal distress. Reported concern about either maternal mood or infant crying behavior should be taken seriously as a possible indicator of a stressed mother-infant relationship.

Differential illness intrusiveness associated with sleep-promoting medications

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (S3) ◽  
pp. 153s-159s ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Devins ◽  
M Flanigan ◽  
JAE Fleming ◽  
R Morehouse ◽  
A Moscovitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Illness Intrusiveness ◽  
Psychiatric Units ◽  
Long Acting

SummaryDifferences in daytime sleepiness, lifestyle disruptions, and emotional distress were compared across nine groups taking sleep-promoting substances. Groups included individuals taking zopiclone (n = 274), amitriptyline (n = 107), lorazepam (n = 258), oxazepam (n= 141), diphenhydramine HCl (n = 99), triazolam(n = 137), long acting benzodiazepines (n = 120), temazepam (n = 176), and miscellaneous other medications (n = 286). Data were gathered by self-report, using standardized instruments in a mail-back questionnaire procedure. Respondents included the first 1,598 participants enrolled in a Canadian multicentre project, including six sites attached to academic psychiatric units. Results indicated that quality of life effects differed across groups in both daytime sleepiness and lifestyle disruptions (illness intrusiveness), but not in depressive symptoms. Daytime sleepiness was significantly higher among people taking diphenhydramine HCl as compared to temazepam, zopiclone, lorazepam, and oxazepam. Illness intrusiveness was significantly higher among patients taking amitriptyline as compared to those taking triazolam, oxazepam, long-acting benzodiazepines, and zopiclone. It may be useful to inform patients of differences in psychosocial outcomes when prescribing hypnotic medications.

The factor structure and composite reliability of the Profile of Emotional Distress

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Hyland ◽  
Mark Shevlin ◽  
Gary Adamson ◽  
Daniel Boduszek
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Emergency Service Personnel ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Composite Reliability

AbstractThis study provides the first assessment of the latent structure of the Profile of Emotional Distress (PED). The PED is a self-report measure of emotional distress (ED) associated strongly with its links to Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). To date, the PED has been weakly conceptualized using both unitary and binary models of ED. In this study, the dimensionality of the PED was examined within an alternative models’ framework using confirmatory factor analysis and bifactor modelling techniques. A total of 313 law enforcement, military, and related emergency-service personnel completed the PED. Results indicated that a bifactor model conceptualization was the best fit of the data. The bifactor model included a single general factor (ED) and four grouping factors (Concern, Anxiety, Sadness, Depression). Model parameter estimates indicated that the ED factor accounts for the majority of covariance among the observable indicators. Low factor loadings were observed on each of the grouping factors, thus subscale construction is not recommended. Composite reliability results demonstrated that the ED factor possesses excellent internal reliability. The PED was found to be a reliable and valid measure of emotional distress.

Postdisaster Emotional Distress, Depression and Event-Related Variables: Findings Across Child and Adolescent Developmental Stages

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett M. Mcdermott ◽  
Lyle J. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Grade ◽  
School Students ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Developmental approaches have not been widely used in child and adolescent posttraumatic stress disorder research, and little is known about developmental differences in response to postdisaster trauma. Our objective was to investigate postdisaster depression and emotional distress psychopathology across a broad child and adolescent developmental range. Method: Six months following a bushfire disaster, 2379 grade 4–12 school students completed an extensive self-report battery, which included the Impact of Event Scale and the Birleson Depression Inventory. Generalized linear models were constructed to model the effects of multiple covariates on continuous outcome measures of depression and emotional distress. Results: Significant independent predictors of persisting depressive symptoms were increased symptoms of emotional distress; increased symptoms of anxiety; evacuation experience; and school grade. Significant independent predictors of emotional distress were persisting depressive symptoms; perception of threat to self or to parents; evacuation experience; and school grade. Gender was not a significant predictor in either the depression or emotional distress multivariate models. Complex, non-linear relationships between depression, emotional distress and school grade were found. Conclusion: This study suggests that important developmental differences in postdisaster psychological responses exist across a broad spectrum of developmental stages in children.

scholarly journals Cognitive Patterns and Coping Mechanisms in the Context of Internet Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1302
Author(s):  
Cristina Costescu ◽  
Iulia Chelba ◽  
Adrian Roșan ◽  
Attila Kovari ◽  
Jozsef Katona
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Loneliness ◽  
Cognitive Patterns ◽  
And Coping

Recent research indicates there are different cognitive patterns and coping mechanisms related to increased levels of Internet use and emotional distress in adolescents. This study aims to investigate the relationship between coping mechanisms, dysfunctional negative emotions, and Internet use. A total of 54 participants aged between 14 and 19 years old completed a questionnaire containing several measures and demographics information. We measured participants’ coping strategies, emotional distress, social and emotional loneliness, and their online behavior and Internet addiction using self-report questionnaires. In order to identify the relation between the investigated variables, we used correlation analysis and regression, and we tested one mediation model. The results showed that maladaptive coping strategies and Internet use were significant predictors of dysfunctional negative emotions. Moreover, passive wishful thinking, as a pattern of thinking, was associated with anxious and depressed feelings. The relation between Internet use and dysfunctional negative emotions was mediated by participants’ coping mechanisms. Therefore, we can conclude that the level of negative feelings is associated with the coping strategies used while showing an increased level of Internet addiction. Future studies should also consider different and multiple types of measurement other than self-reports, especially related to Internet addiction.

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