MON-LB335: Subjective Ratings of Appetite and AD Libitum Food Intake Following a Breakfast Containing 4g OAT B-Glucan in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot Study

Abstract Background Recurrence-free patients after esophageal cancer surgery face long-term nutritional consequences, occurring in the context of an exaggerated postprandial gut hormone response. Acute gut hormone suppression influences brain reward signaling and eating behavior. This study aimed to suppress gut hormone secretion and characterize reward responses and eating behavior among postesophagectomy patients with unintentional weight loss. Methods This pilot study prospectively studied postoperative patients with 10% or greater body weight loss (BWL) beyond 1 year who were candidates for clinical treatment with long-acting octreotide (LAR). Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, gut hormone secretion, food cue reactivity (functional magnetic resonance imaging), eating motivation (progressive ratio task), ad libitum food intake, body composition, and symptom burden were assessed. Results Eight patients (7 male, age: mean ± SD 62.8 ± 9.4 years, postoperative BWL: 15.5 ± 5.8%) participated. Octreotide LAR did not significantly suppress total postprandial plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 response at 4 weeks (P = .08). Postprandial symptom burden improved after treatment (Sigstad score median [range]: 12 [2-28] vs 8 [3-18], P = .04) but weight remained stable (pre: 68.6 ± 12.8 kg vs post: 69.2 ± 13.4 kg, P = .13). There was no significant change in brain reward system responses, during evaluation of high-energy or low-energy food pictures, nor their appeal rating. Moreover, treatment did not alter motivation to eat (P = .41) nor ad libitum food intake(P = .46). Conclusion The protocol used made it feasible to characterize the gut-brain axis and eating behavior in this cohort. Inadequate suppression of gut hormone responses 4 weeks after octreotide LAR administration may explain the lack of gut-brain pathway alterations. A higher dose or shorter interdose interval may be required to optimize the intervention.

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Effect of Macronutrient Type and Gastrointestinal Release Site on PYY Response in Normal Healthy Subjects

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2018-01697 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 104 (9) ◽

pp. 3661-3669 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aisling M Mangan ◽

Werd Al Najim ◽

Niamh McNamara ◽

William P Martin ◽

Andrius Antanaitis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Food Intake ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Release Site ◽

Distal Small Intestine ◽

Intestinal Delivery ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Small Intestinal ◽

Double Blinded ◽

Test Drink

Abstract Background and Aims Enteroendocrine L cells release satiety inducing hormones in response to stimulation by luminal macronutrients. We sought to profile the differential effect of macronutrient type and site of release on circulating concentrations of the L cell-derived enteroendocrine hormone peptide tyrosine tyrosine (amino acids 1 to 36) (PYY). Materials and Methods Eight healthy volunteers were recruited to a randomized, double-blinded, six-way crossover study. At each visit, the participants consumed a 500-kcal drink containing carbohydrate, protein, or fat in either gastric or small intestinal release formulations. Plasma PYY concentrations and hunger ratings were assessed for 3 hours after consumption of the test drink. The food intake was recorded thereafter at an ad libitum lunch. Results Microcapsular formulations targeting the distal small intestinal delivery of fat, but not carbohydrate or protein, markedly enhance PYY release relative to macronutrient delivery in gastric release formulations. Food intake at an ad libitum meal was lowest after consumption of the formulation releasing fat at the distal small intestine. Conclusion Targeting of fat to the distal small intestine in delayed release microcapsules enhanced PYY release and was associated with reductions in food intake.

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ACCELERATION OF ANNUAL HIBERNATING CYCLE TO 6 WEEKS IN CAPTIVE DORMICE

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z66-092 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 903-910 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

N. Mrosovsky

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Sunflower Seed ◽

Body Temperatures ◽

Glis Glis ◽

Ad Libitum

Cycles of food intake and body weight lasting a few weeks occurred in dormice, Glis glis, kept in the laboratory in relatively constant conditions of temperature (about 25 °C) and photoperiod (about 12 hours light–dark schedule). These fluctuations appeared to be more marked in the winter months. Periods of reduced eating were associated with low body temperatures and lethargy. The frequent disturbance and arousal of the animals was probably an important factor in these short hibernating cycles. The influence of variation of the diet on body weight of dormice is described. Animals kept on ad libitum supplies of sunflower seed became obese and remained so for many months.

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Neuropeptide Y1 and Y5 Receptors Mediate the Effects of Neuropeptide Y on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2002-220574 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 143 (12) ◽

pp. 4513-4519 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Csaba Fekete ◽

Sumit Sarkar ◽

William M. Rand ◽

John W. Harney ◽

Charles H. Emerson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Food Intake ◽

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Receptor Agonist ◽

Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽

Thyroid Axis ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽

Hpt Axis

Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most important hypothalamic-derived neuropeptides mediating the effects of leptin on energy homeostasis. Central administration of NPY not only markedly stimulates food intake, but simultaneously inhibits the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT axis), replicating the central hypothyroid state associated with fasting. To identify the specific NPY receptor subtypes involved in the action of NPY on the HPT axis, we studied the effects of the highly selective Y1 ([Phe7,Pro34]pNPY) and Y5 ([chicken pancreatic polypeptide1–7, NPY19–23, Ala31, Aib32 (aminoisobutyric acid), Q34]human pancreatic polypeptide) receptor agonists on circulating thyroid hormone levels and proTRH mRNA in hypophysiotropic neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. The peptides were administered continuously by osmotic minipump into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) over 3 d in ad libitum-fed animals and animals pair-fed to artificial CSF (aCSF)-infused controls. Both Y1 and Y5 receptor agonists nearly doubled food intake compared with that of control animals receiving aCSF, similar to the effect observed for NPY. NPY, Y1, and Y5 receptor agonist administration suppressed circulating levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulted in inappropriately normal or low TSH levels. These alterations were also associated with significant suppression of proTRH mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus, particularly in the Y1 receptor agonist-infused group [aCSF, NPY, Y1, and Y5 (density units ± sem), 97.2 ± 8.6, 39.6 ± 8.4, 19.9 ± 1.9, and 44.6 ± 8.4]. No significant differences in thyroid hormone levels, TSH, or proTRH mRNA were observed between the agonist-infused FSanimals eating ad libitum and the agonist-infused animals pair-fed with vehicle-treated controls. These data confirm the importance of both Y1 and Y5 receptors in the NPY-mediated increase in food consumption and demonstrate that both Y1 and Y5 receptors can mediate the inhibitory effects of NPY on the HPT axis.

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Insulin Sensitivity, Food Intake, and Cravings with Premenstrual Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Journal of Women s Health ◽

10.1089/jwh.2007.0594 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 657-665 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Kimberly K. Trout ◽

Lisa Basel-Brown ◽

Michael R. Rickels ◽

Mark H. Schutta ◽

Maja Petrova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Food Intake ◽

Premenstrual Syndrome

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Phasic jaw motor episodes in healthy subjects with or without clinical signs and symptoms of sleep bruxism: a pilot study

Sleep And Breathing ◽

10.1007/s11325-013-0868-6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 187-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Shuichiro Yoshizawa ◽

Takeshi Suganuma ◽

Masayuki Takaba ◽

Yasuhiro Ono ◽

Takuro Sakai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Sleep Bruxism ◽

Clinical Signs And Symptoms

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Exploring the Lives of Vulnerable Young People in Relation to Their Food Choices and Practices

World Journal of Education ◽

10.5430/wje.v7n3p50 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 50 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Karolina Gombert ◽

Flora Douglas ◽

Karen McArdle ◽

Sandra Carlisle

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Food Intake ◽

Young People ◽

Lived Experience ◽

Food Choices ◽

Living Environment ◽

Ontological Security ◽

Vulnerable Group ◽

Youth Organization ◽

Formerly Homeless

The interdisciplinary Foodways and Futures project (2013-2016) is based on a pilot study which found noimprovement in the nutritional state of formerly homeless young people (16-25), now in supported accommodationat a charitable youth organization. Because a healthy food intake during adolescence is important, and because youngpeople with socioeconomic lower backgrounds face difficulties in maintaining a healthy diet (Beasley at al., 2005), Iinvestigated how the young people themselves experience their relationship to food. In this paper I explore linksbetween the lived experience before and during their stay with the organization of this vulnerable group, and theirfood choices and practices. The study illustrates the ways in which those choices and practices may appearnutritionally undesirable, but are nevertheless linked to the young people’s search for ontological security and socialconnectedness, in their new living environment. In this, I draw on and extend Schlossberg’s (1981) transition theoryin order to better understand the rationales underlying an individual’s subjective food choices.

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Effect of intraruminal infusion of urea on the response in voluntary food intake by sheep

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9850483 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 483 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

JK Egan ◽

PT Doyle

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Food Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Ad Libitum Intake

Six mature Merino sheep received three treatments in a randomized block design experiment. The treatments were: chopped oaten hay diet at 90% of ad libitum intake without urea (L); the ciet offered at the same level as for L with urea infused into the rumen at 11.5 g kg-1 dry matter intake (LU); and the diet offered at 90% of the ad libitum intake achieved with urea infused at 11.5 g kg-1 dry matter intake (HU). Sheep given HU consumed 37% more (P < 0.01) organic matter (OM) than those fed L or LU, but the apparent digestibility of OM did not vary (59.2-61.8%) between treatments. The addit onal food consumption was associated with c. 20% increase (P < 0.05) in the weight of OM in the reticulorumen and significantly higher (by 10-35%; P < 0.05) fractional outflow rates of most dietary and microbial constituents of digesta. The fractional digestion rate of potentially digestible plant cell walls was not affected by urea, but the flow of microbial non-ammonia nitrogen from the abomasum was enhanced (L, 7.0; LU, 8.2; HU, 12.5 g day-1; P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the stimulatory effect of urea upon food intake was associated with the provision of additional microbial protein for digestion in the intestines, rather than changes in the rate or extent of organic matter fermentation in the reticulorumen.

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