The impact of phosphate loading activities on near marine environment: the Syrian coast

The impact of the urban effluents of Mytilene (Lesvos island, Greece) on the receiving coastal marine environment, was evaluated by studying the quality of the city effluents (BOD5, COD, SS, heavy metals) and the marine sediments (grain size, organic matter, heavy metals). It was found that the urban effluents of Mytilene contain high organic matter and suspended particle load because of septage discharge into the sewerage network. Furthermore, although the city does not host important industrial activity, its effluents contain appreciable metal load, which is mainly associated with the particulate phase. The city effluents are discharged into the coastal marine environment and their colloidal and particulate matter after flocculation settles to the bottom, where is incorporated into the sediments. Over the years, the accumulation of organic matter and metals into the harbour mud has created a non-point pollution source in the relatively non-polluted coastal marine environment of the island. Copper and Zn were the metals which presented the higher enrichment in the sediments of the inner harbour of Mytilene.

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Installation of submarine cables and pipes in shallow waters and connecting them to the shore by the method of horizontal directional drilling

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202128604007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 286 ◽

pp. 04007

Author(s):

Valeriu-Florian Vasilescu ◽

Dumitru Dinu

Keyword(s):

Marine Environment ◽

Offshore Wind ◽

Shallow Waters ◽

Directional Drilling ◽

Horizontal Directional Drilling ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Subsea Tunnel ◽

Submarine Cables ◽

Wind Energy Systems ◽

The Impact

This article presents the horizontal directional drilling (HDD) as one of the most suitable technique used to reduce the impact on the environment during the submarine pipe and cable installation process, especially in the coastal area and shallow waters. HDD is a technique used to drill a subsea tunnel or under other designated area with the goal to pull a pipe or other facility through the drilled underground tunnel. With the development of the offshore natural gas and wind industry, the demand for the construction of transfer pipeline and cables has also increased. The installation of submarine pipelines and cables can have negative effects on the marine environment. This is one of the main reasons that construction and operation of offshore wind energy systems has been and continues to be regarded with scepticism by environmental activists, despite the undeniable benefits of this renewable energy source. The main objectives of this article are to emphasize the importance of using this technique but also to highlight the benefits, in particular by significantly reducing the impact on the marine environment.

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Protection of the Marine Environment

The Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law ◽

10.1163/22134484-12340155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 196-211

Author(s):

Margaret A. Young

Keyword(s):

Marine Environment ◽

Marine Protected Areas ◽

Dispute Settlement ◽

Trade Agreements ◽

Marine Litter ◽

Multilateral Trade ◽

General Obligation ◽

United Nations Convention ◽

The Impact ◽

Trade Measures

Abstract The general obligation to protect and preserve the marine environment is contained in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Increasingly, marine issues are addressed in regional or multilateral trade agreements, including the covered agreements of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This article examines selected legal developments, such as provisions in regional trade agreements on marine capture fisheries, marine litter and waste management infrastructure. Rules on the use of trade measures to eliminate harmful fishing practices, and the prohibition of certain subsidies, are also explored. The article calls for attention to the impact of these developments on dispute settlement between states under UNCLOS, support for marine protected areas, and the capacity for regime interaction between relevant bodies. These issues have relevance for the conservation of marine living resources as well as other issues relating to the protection of the marine environment, including marine plastics and climate change.

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Plastic Accumulation in the Sea Surface Microlayer: An Experiment-Based Perspective for Future Studies

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences9020066 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 66 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Luisa Galgani ◽

Steven Loiselle

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Marine Environment ◽

Bulk Water ◽

Sea Surface ◽

Surface Microlayer ◽

Surface Ocean ◽

Marine Organic Matter ◽

Sea Surface Microlayer ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

The Impact

Plastic particles are ubiquitous in the marine environment. Given their low density, they have the tendency to float on the sea surface, with possible impacts on the sea surface microlayer (SML). The SML is an enriched biofilm of marine organic matter, that plays a key role in biochemical and photochemical processes, as well as controlling gas exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere. Recent studies indicate that plastics can interfere with the microbial cycling of carbon. However, studies on microplastic accumulation in the SML are limited, and their effects on organic matter cycling in the surface ocean are poorly understood. To explore potential dynamics in this key ocean compartment, we ran a controlled experiment with standard microplastics in the surface and bulk water of a marine monoculture. Bacterial abundance, chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and oxygen concentrations were measured. The results indicate an accumulation of CDOM in the SML and immediate underlying water when microplastic particles are present, as well as an enhanced oxygen consumption. If extrapolated to a typical marine environment, this indicates that alterations in the quality and reactivity of the organic components of the SML could be expected. This preliminary study shows the need for a more integrated effort to our understanding the impact of microplastics on SML functioning and marine biological processes.

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The impact of anti-sea lice pesticides, azamethiphos and deltamethrin, on European lobster (Homarus gammarus) larvae in the Norwegian marine environment

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114725 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 264 ◽

pp. 114725 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Aoife E. Parsons ◽

Rosa H. Escobar-Lux ◽

Pål Næverlid Sævik ◽

Ole B. Samuelsen ◽

Ann-Lisbeth Agnalt

Keyword(s):

Marine Environment ◽

Sea Lice ◽

European Lobster ◽

Homarus Gammarus ◽

The Impact

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Correction to Ozone Formation Induced by the Impact of Reactive Bromine and Iodine Species on Photochemistry in a Polluted Marine Environment

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/acs.est.7b06319 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 1679-1679

Author(s):

M. Shechner ◽

E. Tas

Keyword(s):

Marine Environment ◽

Ozone Formation ◽

Iodine Species ◽

The Impact

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Wireless Channel Models for Over-the-Sea Communication: A Comparative Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9030443 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 443 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Arafat Habib ◽

Sangman Moh

Keyword(s):

Wave Propagation ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Radio Wave ◽

Marine Environment ◽

Channel Model ◽

Channel Modeling ◽

Wireless Channel ◽

Radio Wave Propagation ◽

Channel Models ◽

The Impact

Over the past few years, the modeling of wireless channels for radio wave propagation over the sea surface has drawn the attention of many researchers. Channel models are designed and implemented for different frequencies and communication scenarios. There are models that emphasize the influence of the height of the evaporation duct in the marine environment, as well as models that deal with different frequencies (2.5, 5, and 10 GHz, etc.) or the impact of various parameters, such as antenna height. Despite the increasing literature on channel modeling for the over-the-sea marine environment, there is no comprehensive study that focuses on key concepts that need to be considered when developing a new channel model, characteristics of channel models, and comparative analysis of existing works along with their possible improvements and future applications. In this paper, channel models are discussed in relation to their operational principles and key features, and they are compared with each other in terms of major characteristics and pros and cons. Some important insights on the design and implementation of a channel model, possible applications and improvements, and challenging issues and research directions are also discussed. The main goal of this paper is to present a comparative study of over-the-sea channel models for radio wave propagation, so that it can help engineers and researchers in this field to choose or design the appropriate channel models based on their applications, classification, features, advantages, and limitations.

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