Radioecological consequences of radioactive discharges into the Techa River on the Southern Urals

The aim of this work is to assess the radiogenic risk of solid cancers incidence in the members of the Urals Childhood Exposure Cohort. The cohort includes people exposed under 20 years of age as a result of two radiation accidents at the Mayak Production Association in the Southern Urals (discharges of radioactive waste into the Techa River and the formation of the East Ural radioactive trace). The number of the cohort for solid cancer incidence analysis is 31,578 individuals. All the members were postnatally exposed and some of them – in-utero. Some of their parents were exposed before conception. 2,018 solid cancers were registered on the incidence catchment area during the period 1956-2018, the total amount of person years was 818,083. The analysis was carried out by the Poisson regression method with a simple parametric excess relative risk model. 95% confidence intervals were estimated with maximum likelihood approach. Only a postnatal dose was used in the first solid cancer incidence analysis of this cohort members with due account for preconception exposure of parents. TRDS-2016 mean postnatal dose accumulated over the entire follow-up period in the stomach of cohort members was 0.047 Gy. The analysis showed linear dependence of solid cancer incidence excess relative risk on postnatal dose. Excess relative risk was 0.66/Gy, р=0.006 with a five-year latency period. While estimating excess relative risk in different age groups at the beginning of exposure, a significant risk was present only in the age group under 1 year and amounted to 2.16/Gy; р<0.02 at the onset of exposure. The present results are in agreement with the results of the solid cancer incidence risk analysis both in the Techa River Cohort of exposed In-Utero where a statistically significant excess relative risk from a postnatal dose was revealed, and with the results of risk analysis in the Japanese cohort of people exposed in-utero and in early childhood.

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Ethnic Behaviour under Conditions of High Radiation

Inner Asia ◽

10.1163/146481700793647940 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 63-72

Author(s):

Galina Komarova

Keyword(s):

Waste Disposal ◽

Southern Urals ◽

Soviet Period ◽

Nuclear Accidents ◽

High Radiation ◽

The Southern Urals ◽

Men And Women ◽

Affected Area ◽

Techa River ◽

River Region

AbstractIn the 1950s and 1960s serious nuclear accidents and ongoing pollution by waste disposal from the ‘Mayak’ plant affected the Techa River region in the Southern Urals (Russia). These episodes were clouded in secrecy during the Soviet period, such that even local people were unaware of the dangers. Virtually all families have been affected by radiation sickness. Yet even today people still live in the affected area. The article describes how three generations of the population has adapted to life in such dangerous conditions and it outlines the very different responses of men and women and of the various ethnic groups living in the area (Tatars, Bashkirs, and Russians).

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Breast cancer incidence risk in accidentally exposed persons of the Southern Urals

Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene ◽

10.21514/1998-426x-2021-14-3-69-79 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 69-79

Author(s):

L. Yu. Krestinina ◽

L. D. Mikryukova ◽

S. A. Shalaginov ◽

S. S. Silkin ◽

S. B. Epifanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Latency Period ◽

Southern Urals ◽

Likelihood Method ◽

The Southern Urals ◽

Techa River ◽

Incidence Risk ◽

The Impact

The objective of the paper is to assess the breast cancer incidence risk in the Ural cohort of accidentally exposed population. The cohort of people exposed in the Southern Urals on the Techa River and in the East Ural Radioactive Trace was created in 2018. This is the first time that breast cancer risk analysis in women in this cohort is being carried out. Over the period from 1956 to 2018, 337breast cancer cases and 741,533person-years at risk were reported in the female subcohort in the incidence catchment area. Mean accumulated dose to the mammary gland, calculated using the TRDS-2016 dosimetry system, was 46 mGy, the maximum dose was 1 Gy. Regression analysis was performed using the EPICURE software package. Statistical significance with 95% probability was assessed by the maximum likelihood method. As a result of the analysis, a statistically significant linear dependence of breast cancer parameters on the dose was obtained. Excess relative risk for the follow-up period from 1956 through 2018 for members of the female subcohort with a 5-year latency period was 2.39 / Gy. The paper also discusses the impact of available for analyses non-radiation factors on both baseline rates of breast cancer incidence and those associated with radiation exposure. These results do not contradict those obtained in the previous study in the Techa River Cohort separately, and in the Japanese L SS cohort of atomic bomb survivors.

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Risk analysis of the mortality from the diseases of the circulatory system in the Ural cohort of emergency-irradiated population for the years 1950–2015

Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene ◽

10.21514/1998-426x-2019-12-1-52-61 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 52-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Yu. Krestinina ◽

S. S. Silkin ◽

M. O. Degteva ◽

A. V. Akleyev

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Ischemic Heart Disease ◽

Latent Period ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Southern Urals ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Ischemic Heart ◽

The Southern Urals ◽

Techa River ◽

All Diseases

The paper describes for the first time the results of the radiation effect study using the example of the analysis of circulatory system disease mortality in newly established cohort combining the population exposed in 1950–1960 due to 2 radiation incidents in the Southern Urals (the Techa River and East-Urals radioactive Trace). The cohort consists of 60,205 people. Over a 65-year follow up period 14,830 deaths from all diseases of the circulatory system were registered. Out of this number 6,163 deaths were from ischemic heart disease, and 4,388 deaths were from cerebrovascular diseases. Analysis was performed on the basis of individualized estimates of dose accumulated in muscle tissue (both internal and external components of the dose), calculated with new Techa River Dosimetry System 2016. As per the latest calculations, mean dose to muscle tissue in members of the combined cohort was 34 mGy, maximum dose was 995 mGy. Simple parametric model of excess relative risk (ERR) was used in the analysis. The number of person-years at risk was 1836,203. The findings of the analysis show linear increase of mortality risk per unit dose from all the disease of circulatory system (ERR/100 mGy was 3%; 95% CI: 0,8%; 5,2%) and from ischemic heart disease (ERR/100 mGy was 9,2%; 95% CI: 5,4%; 13,5%). with 15-year latent period. No statistically significant increase in mortality from the cerebrovascular diseases in the combined cohort of the population exposed in the Southern Urals over a 65-year period received evidence. The obtained results are in good agreement with those received in the analysis of the effect in the Techa River Cohort in 2013. The latter covered a 53-year period (with minimum latent period of 15 years) and revealed statistically significant linear dose response for all diseases of the circulatory system (ERR/100 mGy – 0.036) and ischemic heart disease (ERR/100 mGy – 0.056).

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THE PRODUCTIVITY OF BREEDING HYBRIDS OF POTATO IN IRRIGATED CONDITIONS IN THE STEPPE ZONE OF THE SOUTHERN URALS

10.32786/2071-9485-2018-03-123-127 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

A.A. Mushinsky

Keyword(s):

Steppe Zone ◽

Southern Urals ◽

The Southern Urals

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The first data on possible Mezozoic magmatism within the Western slope of the Southern Urals

Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology ◽

10.33623/0579-9406-2018-5-24-34 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 24-34

Author(s):

A. O. Khotylev ◽

N. B. Devisheva ◽

Al. V. Tevelev ◽

V. M. Moseichuk

Keyword(s):

Southern Urals ◽

Western Slope ◽

Isotopic Age ◽

The Southern Urals ◽

Early Proterozoic ◽

Carbonate Formations ◽

Two Bodies

Within the Western slope of the Southern Urals, there are plenty of basite dyke complexes of Riphean to Vendian among Precambrian terrigenous-carbonate formations. In metamorphic formations of the Taratash complex (Archean to Early Proterozoic, the northern closure of the Bashkirian meganticlinorium) there was observed the andesitic dyke with isotopic age of 71±1 Ma (U-Pb SHRIMP II on zircons) and near Bakal two bodies of gabbroids with zircons of similar ages were found. These are the first evidence of possible Mezozoic magmatism in this region.

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