Laboratory scale inactivation of pig viruses in pig slurry and design of a pilot plant for thermal inactivation

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Pig Slurry

Laboratory scale inactivation of pig viruses in pig slurry and design of a pilot plant for thermal inactivation

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Turner ◽  
Stuart M. Williams ◽  
Colin H. Burton ◽  
John W. Farrent ◽  
Philip J. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Vesicular Disease

African swine fever (ASF) and swine vesicular disease (SVD) are virus diseases that threaten the pig populations in Europe. This paper examines the effectiveness of two methods used to inactivate these two viruses in pig slurry, and then describes the design of a pilot plant which makes use of one inactivation method. The first method is the addition of alkali, specifically NaOH or Ca(OH)2 at various concentrations. ASF virus (ASFV) required 1% of either NaOH or Ca(OH)2 for inactivation; SVD virus (SVDV) required 1.5% NaOH or Ca(OH)2 for similar inactivation. The second method was the application of heat. ASFV was inactivated to below detectable levels at 56°C within 90 seconds, whereas SVDV required 60°C for inactivation within 90 seconds. Heat was identified as the most suitable method, and a pilot plant was designed and assembled for the inactivation of viruses in pig slurry at a rate of up to 100 litres per hour.

Tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one: From the Laboratory Scale to Pilot Plant Manufacture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Zahim ◽  
Kenny Delacroix ◽  
Agathe Carlier ◽  
Thierry Berranger ◽  
Julie Bergraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Laboratory Scale

scholarly journals Production efficiency of Poland farm-scale biogas plants: A case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 02002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Pilarski ◽  
Agnieszka A. Pilarska
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Analysis Of Results

This paper provides the analysis of results of biogas and methane yield for: maize silage (MS), pig slurry (PS), waste potatoes (WP) and sugar beet pulp (SB). The results show that maize silage is the most energy substrate (among the samples tested), providing a cumulative methane yield from 595 to 631 m-3 Mg VS (VS – volatile solids). The study was carried out in a laboratory scale using anaerobic batch reactors, at controlled (mesophilic) temperature and pH conditions. This paper is Part I of a report of an experiment carried out, in the laboratory scale and in the commercial scale (in parallel) The purpose of the experiment was to verify differences in biomethane yields of the same materials in the two scales. Moreover, this paper is an introduction to a presentation of the method to determine the biochemical methane potential correction coefficient (BMPCC), the details of which will be explained in Part II.

Simulation of Supercritical Water Oxidation with Air at Pilot Plant Scale

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén García Jarana ◽  
Jezabel Sánchez Oneto ◽  
Juan Ramón Portela Miguélez ◽  
Enrique Nebot Sanz ◽  
Enrique J. Martínez de la Ossa
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Reaction Kinetic ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Supercritical Water Oxidation

Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) processes have been studied by numerous researchers. The effectiveness of this approach to treat a wide variety of wastes has been proved and the kinetics involved in some cases have been described. Phenol is commonly present in industrial wastewaters and it is extremely toxic. Hence, phenol is a model pollutant that has been the subject of numerous studies by SCWO on a laboratory scale. In this work, a pilot-scale SCWO system has been used to compare experimental and predicted conversions in the SCWO of phenol, using the reaction kinetic equations obtained at the laboratory scale. In this context, “PROSIM PLUS” software was employed to develop a simulator for the pilot plant facility, with the reaction kinetic parameters adjusted to represent the experimental data. In this study it was necessary to determine the thermal losses between the experimental reactor and its surroundings. These thermal losses were obtained from tests with pure water and oxidant streams in the absence of chemical reaction. An equation that predicted the effect of flow rate and temperature on the thermal losses was used. Experimental oxidation tests were conducted with initial temperature in the range 380 to 425 ºC, at 250 bar and phenol concentrations ranging from 1 to 12 g/l. Good agreement in the simulation was obtained by adjusting the kinetic parameters within their confidence range. This simulator was used to optimize the SCWO of phenol solutions in the pilot plant facility.

scholarly journals Thermal inactivation of weed seeds and tubers during drying of pig manure.

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
C.M.J. Bloemhard ◽  
M.W.M.F. Arts ◽  
P.C. Scheepens ◽  
A.G. Elema
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Industrial Processing

Propagules of 7 plant species were subjected to heat treatments comparable to industrial processing. Propagules of all species, which had been preincubated 1 day in pig slurry, responded to heat treatment in an oven in the range from 50 to 104 degrees C. Brassica napus and Solanum nigrum were the most heat-sensitive species. The viability of their seeds was greatly reduced after 15 min at 50 degrees C. Seeds of Amaranthus retroflexus, B. napus, Chenopodium album and S. nigrum were inactivated after 3 min at 75 degrees C, seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli and tubers of Cyperus esculentus after 3 min at 90 degrees , whereas seeds of Abutilon theophrasti only slightly responded to 3 min at 104 degrees . Heating seeds of A. theophrasti at 104 degrees with steam resulted in much less viability than heating at the same temperature in the oven. More than 1 day preincubation in slurry positively affected thermal inactivation of E. crus-galli seeds and C. esculentus tubers at 75 degrees , but not of A. theophrasti seeds at 75, 90, and 104 degrees . (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Grain Reconstruction of Palladium and Palladium-Nickel Alloys for Platinum Catchment

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-246
Author(s):  
A. Slagtern Fjellvåg ◽  
D. Waller ◽  
J. Skjelstad ◽  
A. Olafsen Sjåstad
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plant Reactor

Platinum-rhodium gauzes are frequently used to catalyse the high temperature ammonia oxidation step for production of synthetic nitrogen-based fertilisers. The gauzes suffer from Pt loss in the form of platinum dioxide (PtO2), due to the highly exothermic nature of the oxidation reaction. Industrially this is mitigated by installing one or more palladium-nickel catchment gauzes directly downstream of the combustion gauzes, to capture the lost Pt. The Pd-Ni catchment gauzes undergo severe structural modification during operation. In this study, we undertake a systematic study in a laboratory-scale furnace system to determine the role of each of the constituent gases O2, H2O and PtO2 on the structural changes of the Pd-Ni gauzes. In addition, some samples are exposed to real industrial conditions in an ammonia combustion pilot plant reactor. Fresh and spent catchment gauzes are analysed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy/optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-MS/OES). By combining analysis of samples from furnace and pilot scale experiments, the main findings are that Pd-Ni gauzes undergo internal oxidation to nickel(II) oxide (NiO); which in the presence of steam results in Ni depletion and that PtO2 vapour causes severe grain reconstruction. Furthermore, in laboratory-scale experiments no significant Pd loss is observed, which is in contrast to observations from the pilot plant where the samples are exposed to real post-ammonia oxidation conditions. Pd loss is likely attributed to some gas species contained in the real post-ammonia oxidation gas stream.

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