Influences of soybean oil emulsion on stress response and cell-mediated immune function in moderately or severely stressed patients

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on perioperative stress response and immune function in patients with tumors. Methods: Sixty patients who underwent selective radical gastrectomy for cancer were randomly divided into 3 groups: remifentanil group (group R), dexmedetomidine group (group D), and sufentanil group (group S). Remifentanil, dexmedetomidine, and sufentanil were used as general anesthetics. Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were performed after the spontaneous respiration disappeared. Then, the data were recorded, and blood samples were collected at all time points. Results: The heart rate significantly increased ( P < 0.05) at T1 in group S, and both heart rate and mean arterial pressure significantly increased ( P < 0.05) in group R when compared to group D. The heart rate significantly increased ( P < 0.05) at T2 in group S and group R. Furthermore, the heart rate significantly increased ( P < 0.05) at T3 and T4 in group S and group R. Intra-group comparison: The heart rate at T1–T4 and mean arterial pressure at T1–T4 significantly increased ( P < 0.05) in group S, and the heart rate at T1 and T4, and mean arterial pressure at T2–T4 significantly increased ( P < 0.05) in group R when compared to T0. The serum IL-6, IFN-γ, and β-EP significantly increased ( P < 0.05) at T0’ in group S and group R when compared to group D. Blood glucose, and serum IL-10, IFN-γ, and β-EP significantly increased ( P < 0.05), while IL-18 significantly decreased ( P < 0.05) at T1’ in group S and group R. Conclusion: Continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine in combination with the inhalation of sevoflurane is superior to sevoflurane + remifentanil or sufentanil in patients undergoing tumor surgery.

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Parenteral Fish-Oil Containing Lipid Emulsions Limit Initial Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Host Immune Responses in Preterm Pigs

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13010205 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 205

Author(s):

William Yakah ◽

David Ramiro-Cortijo ◽

Pratibha Singh ◽

Joanne Brown ◽

Barbara Stoll ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Postnatal Period ◽

Lipid Emulsions ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Oil Emulsion ◽

Mixed Oil ◽

The Impact

Multicomponent lipid emulsions are available for critical care of preterm infants. We sought to determine the impact of different lipid emulsions on early priming of the host and its response to an acute stimulus. Pigs delivered 7d preterm (n = 59) were randomized to receive different lipid emulsions for 11 days: 100% soybean oil (SO), mixed oil emulsion (SO, medium chain olive oil and fish oil) including 15% fish oil (MO15), or 100% fish oil (FO100). On day 11, pigs received an 8-h continuous intravenous infusion of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS—lyophilized Escherichia coli) or saline. Plasma was collected for fatty acid, oxylipin, metabolomic, and cytokine analyses. At day 11, plasma omega-3 fatty acid levels in the FO100 groups showed the highest increase in eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA (0.1 ± 0.0 to 9.7 ± 1.9, p < 0.001), docosahexaenoic acid, DHA (day 0 = 2.5 ± 0.7 to 13.6 ± 2.9, p < 0.001), EPA and DHA-derived oxylipins, and sphingomyelin metabolites. In the SO group, levels of cytokine IL1β increased at the first hour of LPS infusion (296.6 ± 308 pg/mL) but was undetectable in MO15, FO100, or in the animals receiving saline instead of LPS. Pigs in the SO group showed a significant increase in arachidonic acid (AA)-derived prostaglandins and thromboxanes in the first hour (p < 0.05). No significant changes in oxylipins were observed with either fish-oil containing group during LPS infusion. Host priming with soybean oil in the early postnatal period preserves a higher AA:DHA ratio and the ability to acutely respond to an external stimulus. In contrast, fish-oil containing lipid emulsions increase DHA, exacerbate a deficit in AA, and limit the initial LPS-induced inflammatory responses in preterm pigs.

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Integrated analysis of remote sensing and numerical oil drift simulations for improved oil spill preparedness capabilities

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-6543 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Camilla Brekke ◽

Martine Espeseth ◽

Knut-Frode Dagestad ◽

Johannes Röhrs ◽

Lars Hole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Mineral Oil ◽

The Arctic ◽

Optical Data ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Geophysical Research ◽

Oil Emulsion ◽

Detection Capabilities

Integrated analysis of remote sensing and numerical oil drift simulations for improved&#160;oil spill preparedness capabilitiesCamilla Brekke1, Martine M. Espeseth1, Knut-Frode Dagestad2, Johannes R&#246;hrs2, Lars Robert Hole2, and Andreas Reigber3&#160;1UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms&#248;, Norway2The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway3DLR, Microwaves and Radar Institute, Oberpfaffenhofen-We&#223;ling, Germany&#160;We present results from a successfully conducted free-floating oil spill field experiment followed by an integrated analysis of remotely sensed data and drift simulations. The experiment took place in the North Sea in the summer of 2019 during Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies&#8217; annual oil-on-water exercise. Two types of oils were applied: a mineral oil emulsion and a soybean oil emulsion. The dataset collected contains a collection of close-in-time radar (aircraft and space-borne) and optical data (aircraft, aerostat, and drone) acquisitions of the slicks. We compare oil drift simulations, applying various configurations of wind, wave, and current information, with observed slick positions and shape. We describe trajectories and dynamics of the spills, slick extent, and their evolution, and the differences in detection capabilities in optical instruments versus multifrequency quad-polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery acquired by DLRs large-scale airborne SAR facility (F-SAR). When using the best available forcing from in situ data and forecast models, good agreement with the observed position and extent are found in this study. The appearance in the optical images and the SAR time series from F-SAR were found to be different between the soybean and mineral oil types. Differences in mineral oil detection capabilities are found between SAR and optical imagery of thinner sheen regions. From a drifting perspective, the biological oil emulsions could replace the viscous similar mineral oil emulsion in future oil spill preparedness campaigns. However, from a remote sensing and wildlife perspective, the two oils have different properties. Depending on the practical application, further investigation on how the soybean oil impact the seabirds must be conducted in order to recommend the soybean oil as a viable substitute for mineral oil.&#160;This study is published as open access in Journalof Geophysical Research: Oceans[1], and we encourage the audience to read this article for detailed acquaintance with the work.&#160;Reference:[1]Brekke, C., Espeseth, M. M., Dagestad, K.-F., R&#246;hrs, J., Hole, L. R., & Reigber,A. (2021). Integrated analysis of multisensor datasets and oil driftsimulations&#8212;a free-floating oil experiment in the open ocean. Journalof Geophysical Research: Oceans, 126, e2020JC016499. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016499

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Surgical Stress Response and Postoperative Immune Function After Laparoscopy or Open Surgery With Fast Track or Standard Perioperative Care

Annals of Surgery ◽

10.1097/sla.0b013e31824336e2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 255 (2) ◽

pp. 216-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 187

Author(s):

A. A. F. A. Veenhof ◽

M. S. Vlug ◽

M. H. G. M. van der Pas ◽

C. Sietses ◽

D. L. van der Peet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Immune Function ◽

Perioperative Care ◽

Open Surgery ◽

Fast Track ◽

Surgical Stress ◽

Surgical Stress Response

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Parasitism Elicits a Stress Response That Allocates Resources for Immune Function in South American Fur Seals (Arctocephalus australis)

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology ◽

10.1086/702960 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 326-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mauricio Seguel ◽

Diego Perez-Venegas ◽

Josefina Gutierrez ◽

Daniel E. Crocker ◽

Eugene J. DeRango

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Immune Function ◽

South American ◽

Fur Seals

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The Stress Response and Immune Function: Clinical Implications: The 1999 Novera H. Spector Lecture

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05371.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 917 (1) ◽

pp. 38-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

GEORGE P. CHROUSOS

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Immune Function ◽

Clinical Implications

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Oxytocin knockout mice demonstrate enhanced intake of sweet and nonsweet carbohydrate solutions

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00826.2006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 292 (5) ◽

pp. R1828-R1833 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Anthony Sclafani ◽

Linda Rinaman ◽

Regis R. Vollmer ◽

Janet A. Amico

Keyword(s):

Soybean Oil ◽

Knockout Mice ◽

Behavioral Response ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Progressive Ratio ◽

Wild Type ◽

Oil Emulsion ◽

Background Strain ◽

Sucrose Solutions

Oxytocin knockout (OT KO) mice display enhanced intake of nutritive and nonnutritive sweet solutions (i.e., sucrose and saccharin) compared with wild-type (WT) mice of the same C57BL/6 background strain. The present study further investigated the differential behavioral response of OT KO and WT mice to sucrose solutions and also examined intake preferences of OT KO and WT mice for palatable but nonsweet isocaloric solutions of carbohydrate and fat. A progressive ratio operant licking procedure demonstrated that OT KO and WT mice display a similar motivational drive to consume 10% sucrose. A series of two-bottle intake tests revealed that OT KO mice consume significantly larger amounts of both sweet and nonsweet carbohydrate solutions (i.e., sucrose, Polycose, and cornstarch) compared with WT cohorts. Intake pattern analyses revealed that OT KO mice overconsume carbohydrate solutions by initiating more drinking bouts compared with WT mice; bout sizes did not differ between the genotypes. In contrast, OT KO and WT mice did not differ in their intake of Intralipid, a palatable soybean oil emulsion. These findings indicate that the absence of OT in mice does not affect their appetitive drive to consume palatable sucrose solutions. Instead, the absence of OT may increase daily intake of palatable sweet and nonsweet solutions of carbohydrate (but not fat) by selectively blunting or masking processes that contribute to postingestive satiety.

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