scholarly journals Parenteral Fish-Oil Containing Lipid Emulsions Limit Initial Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Host Immune Responses in Preterm Pigs

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
William Yakah ◽  
David Ramiro-Cortijo ◽  
Pratibha Singh ◽  
Joanne Brown ◽  
Barbara Stoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Lipid Emulsions ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Mixed Oil ◽  
The Impact

Multicomponent lipid emulsions are available for critical care of preterm infants. We sought to determine the impact of different lipid emulsions on early priming of the host and its response to an acute stimulus. Pigs delivered 7d preterm (n = 59) were randomized to receive different lipid emulsions for 11 days: 100% soybean oil (SO), mixed oil emulsion (SO, medium chain olive oil and fish oil) including 15% fish oil (MO15), or 100% fish oil (FO100). On day 11, pigs received an 8-h continuous intravenous infusion of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS—lyophilized Escherichia coli) or saline. Plasma was collected for fatty acid, oxylipin, metabolomic, and cytokine analyses. At day 11, plasma omega-3 fatty acid levels in the FO100 groups showed the highest increase in eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA (0.1 ± 0.0 to 9.7 ± 1.9, p < 0.001), docosahexaenoic acid, DHA (day 0 = 2.5 ± 0.7 to 13.6 ± 2.9, p < 0.001), EPA and DHA-derived oxylipins, and sphingomyelin metabolites. In the SO group, levels of cytokine IL1β increased at the first hour of LPS infusion (296.6 ± 308 pg/mL) but was undetectable in MO15, FO100, or in the animals receiving saline instead of LPS. Pigs in the SO group showed a significant increase in arachidonic acid (AA)-derived prostaglandins and thromboxanes in the first hour (p < 0.05). No significant changes in oxylipins were observed with either fish-oil containing group during LPS infusion. Host priming with soybean oil in the early postnatal period preserves a higher AA:DHA ratio and the ability to acutely respond to an external stimulus. In contrast, fish-oil containing lipid emulsions increase DHA, exacerbate a deficit in AA, and limit the initial LPS-induced inflammatory responses in preterm pigs.

scholarly journals Parenteral lipid emulsions induce unique ileal fatty acid and metabolomic profiles but do not increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Yakah ◽  
Pratibha Singh ◽  
Joanne Brown ◽  
Barbara Stoll ◽  
Douglas G. Burrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Lipid Emulsions ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a manifestation of maladaptive intestinal responses in preterm infants centrally medicated by unattenuated inflammation. Early in the postnatal period, preterm infants develop a deficit in arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid, both potent regulators of inflammation. We hypothesized that the fatty acid composition of parenteral lipid emulsions uniquely induces blood and intestinal fatty acid profiles which, in turn, modifies the risk of NEC development. Methods: 42 preterm pigs were randomized to receive one of three lipid emulsions containing 100% soybean oil (SO), 15% fish oil (MO15), or 100% fish oil (FO100) with enteral feedings over an 8-day protocol. Blood and distal ileum tissue were collected for fatty acid analysis. The distal ileum underwent histologic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses. Results: Eight pigs (3/14 SO (21 %), 3/14 MO15 (21%), and 2/14 FO100 (14%)) developed NEC. No differences in NEC risk were evident between groups despite differences in induced fatty acid profiles in blood and ileal tissue. Metabolomic analysis of NEC vs no NEC tissue revealed differences in tryptophan metabolism and arachidonic acid-containing glycerophospholipids. Proteomic analysis demonstrated no differences by lipid group; however, 15 proteins differentiated NEC vs no NEC in the domains of tissue injury, glucose uptake and chemokine signaling. Conclusions: Exposure to parenteral lipid emulsions induces unique intestinal fatty acid and metabolomic profiles, however, these profiles are not linked to a difference in NEC development. Metabolomic and proteomic analyses of NEC vs no NEC intestinal tissue provide mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of NEC in preterm infants.

scholarly journals Supplementation with the omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid: influence on the lipid composition and fatty acid profile of human milk

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Aparecida Fagundes Queiroz Bortolozo ◽  
Elenise Sauer ◽  
Marli da Silva Santos ◽  
Sueli Regina Baggio ◽  
Guataçara dos Santos Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the impact of supplementing the diet of women during pregnancy and lactation with fish oil containing the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid, and its influence on the composition of human milk. METHODS: The sample comprised 60 women aged 18 to 38 years with appropriate dietary pattern, all of them healthy and nonsmokers. The intervention consisted of a daily supplementation with fish oil capsules that corresponded to a daily intake of 315mg of docosahexaenoic acid and 80mg of eicosapentaenoic acid during the third trimester of pregnancy and the first three months postpartum. The total fat content and fatty acid profile of their milk were determined by creamatocrit and gas chromatography. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis and the significance level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the fat contents of the study (fish oil capsules) and control (capsules containing corn starch as filler) groups. However, the milk of women taking fish oil contained higher docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid levels 30 and 60 days after delivery. These results demonstrate that high omega-3 intake can influence its concentration in human milk. CONCLUSIONS: Given the importance of docosahexaenoic acid in the neonatal period, it is appropriate for pregnant and breastfeeding women to supplement on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which may be done by adding fish oil to the regular diet.

EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Siwitri Kadarsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords : 

scholarly journals Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Fish Oil from Whole Fish and by-Products of Baltic Herring (Clupea harengus membras)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1811
Author(s):  
Ella Aitta ◽  
Alexis Marsol-Vall ◽  
Annelie Damerau ◽  
Baoru Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Baltic Herring ◽  
By Products

Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) is one of the most abundant commercially caught fish species from the Baltic Sea. Despite the high content of fat and omega-3 fatty acids, the consumption of Baltic herring has decreased dramatically over the last four decades, mostly due to the small sizes and difficulty in processing. At the same time there is an increasing global demand for fish and fish oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. This study aimed to investigate enzyme-assisted oil extraction as an environmentally friendly process for valorizing the underutilized fish species and by-products to high quality fish oil for human consumption. Three different commercially available proteolytic enzymes (Alcalase®, Neutrase® and Protamex®) and two treatment times (35 and 70 min) were investigated in the extraction of fish oil from whole fish and by-products from filleting of Baltic herring. The oil quality and stability were studied with peroxide- and p-anisidine value analyses, fatty acid analysis with GC-FID, and volatile compounds with HS-SPME-GC-MS. Overall, longer extraction times led to better oil yields but also increased oxidation of the oil. For whole fish, the highest oil yields were from the 70-min extractions with Neutrase and Protamex. Protamex extraction with 35 min resulted in the best fatty acid composition with the highest content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) but also increased oxidation compared to treatment with other enzymes. For by-products, the highest oil yield was obtained from the 70-min extraction with Protamex without significant differences in EPA and DHA contents among the oils extracted with different enzymes. Oxidation was lowest in the oil produced with 35-min treatment using Neutrase and Protamex. This study showed the potential of using proteolytic enzymes in the extraction of crude oil from Baltic herring and its by-products. However, further research is needed to optimize enzymatic processing of Baltic herring and its by-products to improve yield and quality of crude oil.

scholarly journals Establishment of a Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of Colorectal Cancer in CIEA NOG Mice and Exploring Smartfish Liquid Diet as a Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Helle Samdal ◽  
Lene C Olsen ◽  
Knut S Grøn ◽  
Elin S Røyset ◽  
Therese S Høiem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pdx Model ◽  
Nog Mice

Cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) better preserve tumor characteristics and microenvironment than traditional cancer cell line derived xenografts and are becoming a valuable model in translational cancer research and personalized medicine. We have established a PDX model for colorectal cancer (CRC) in CIEA NOG mice with a 50% engraftment rate. Tumor fragments from patients with CRC (n = 5) were engrafted in four mice per tumor (n = 20). Mice with established PDXs received a liquid diet enriched with fish oil or placebo, and fatty acid profiling was performed to measure fatty acid content in whole blood. Moreover, a biobank consisting of tissue and blood samples from patients was established. Histology, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization procedures were used for staining of tumor and xenograft tissue slides. Results demonstrate that key histological characteristics of the patients’ tumors were retained in the established PDXs, and the liquid diets were consumed as intended by the mice. Some of the older mice developed lymphomas that originated from human Ki67+, CD45+, and EBV+ lymphoid cells. We present a detailed description of the process and methodology, as well as possible issues that may arise, to refine the method and improve PDX engraftment rate for future studies. The established PDX model for CRC can be used for exploring different cancer treatment regimes, and liquid diets enriched with fish oil may be successfully delivered to the mice through the drinking flasks.

scholarly journals A Mixture of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ω-3 and ω-6 Reduces Melanoma Growth by Inhibiting Inflammatory Mediators in the Murine Tumor Microenvironment

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3765
Author(s):  
Ewin B. Almeida ◽  
Karina P.H. Silva ◽  
Vitoria Paixão ◽  
Jônatas B. do Amaral ◽  
Marcelo Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Melanoma Growth

Background: Although it has been previously demonstrated that acute inflammation can promote the tumor growth of a sub-tumorigenic dose of melanoma cells through of 5-lipoxygenase inflammatory pathway and its product leukotriene B4, and also that the peritumoral treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid and its product, leukotriene B5, reduces the tumor development, the effect of the treatment by gavage with omega-3 and omega-6 in the tumor microenvironment favorable to melanoma growth associated with acute inflammation has never been studied. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were coinjected with 1 × 106 apoptotic cells plus 1 × 103 viable melanoma cells into the subcutaneous tissue and treated by gavage with omega-3-rich fish oil or omega-6-rich soybean oil or a mixture of these oils (1:1 ratio) during five consecutive days. Results: The treatment by gavage with a mixture of fish and soybean oils (1:1 ratio) both reduced the melanoma growth and the levels of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), PGE2/prostaglandin E3 (PGE3) ratio, and CXC ligand 1 (CXCL1) and increased the levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) to IL-10/CXCL1 ratio in the melanoma microenvironment. Conclusion: The oral administration of a 1:1 mixture of fish oil and soybean oil was able to alter the release of inflammatory mediators that are essential for a microenvironment favorable to the melanoma growth in mice, whereas fish oil or soybean oil alone was ineffective.

Nutrient digestibility and ruminal fatty acid metabolism in lambs supplemented with soybean oil partially replaced by fish oil blend

2016 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro Maia Ferreira ◽  
Alexandre Vaz Pires ◽  
Ivanete Susin ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Biehl ◽  
Renato Shinkai Gentil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Oil Blend

Omega-3 Levels and Nicotine Dependence: A Cross-Sectional Study and Clinical Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juçara X. Zaparoli ◽  
Eduardo K. Sugawara ◽  
Altay A.L. de Souza ◽  
Sérgio Tufik ◽  
José Carlos F. Galduróz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Background: High oxidative stress, which is caused by smoking, can alter omega-3 fatty acid concentrations. Since omega-3 fatty acids play a role in dopaminergic neurotransmission related to dependence, it is important to understand their effects on nicotine dependence. Methods: This research comprised 2 studies. The first one consisted of a cross-sectional evaluation, in which the levels of the most important omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were compared between smokers and non-smokers in a sample of 171 individuals; of them, 120 were smokers and 51 were non-smokers. The other study was a clinical, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, in which 63 smokers received daily treatment with capsules of fish oil (a source of omega-3/3 g/day) or mineral oil (used as placebo, also 3 g/day), taken 3 times a day for 90 days. Each fish oil capsules contained approximately 210.99 mg EPA and 129.84 mg of DHA. The outcome was evaluated by means of psychometric and biological measures as well as self-reports of tobacco use. The evaluations were carried out at the beginning of treatment and once a month thereafter (total of 4 times). Outcomes: The omega-3 fatty acid lipid profile showed that smokers present lower concentrations of DHA. After treatment, the omega-3 group showed a significant reduction in their levels of dependence. Interpretation: Smokers showed lower peripheral levels of omega-3, and treatment with the most important omega-3 fatty acids brought about a reduction in nicotine dependence.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN SUHU PENGOLAHAN DENGAN METODE STEAM JACKETED SEDERHANA TERHADAP MUTU MINYAK DARI LIMBAH KEPALA IKAN MACKEREL Different Processing Temperatures of Simple Steam Jacketed Method toward Quality of Crude Fish Oil from Head Wasteof Mackerel

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Rukmana Rahayu Lestari ◽  
Ratna Ibrahim ◽  
Putut Har Riyadi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Omega 6

ABSTRAK   Proses pengolahan minyak ikan kasar dengan metode steam jacketed di salah satu perusahaan pengolahan hasil perikanan menggunakan bahan baku campuran limbah padat pengalengan ikan Mackerel dengan suhu yang tinggi 90-100 °C menghasilkan produk yang belum memenuhi persyaratan mutu minyak ikan secara nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan suhu pengolahan minyak ikan kasar ≤ 85 °C dari kepala ikan Mackerel tanpa insang dengan metode steam jacketed sederhana terhadap mutu produknya serta untuk mengetahui suhu dan lama waktu pengolahan yang menghasilkan minyak ikan kasar yang memenuhi persyaratan mutu secara nasional maupun internasional. Materi penelitian berupa kepala ikan Mackerel tanpa insang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental laboratoris. Percobaan dirancang dengan Rancangan Percobaan Kelompok dengan perlakuan suhu berbeda (85 °C, 75 °C, dan 65 °C). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Variabel mutu yang diamati adalah asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida, bilangan iod, kadar air, rendemen dan nilai sensori, serta uji profil asam lemak untuk produk yang terbaik. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan perbedaan diantara perlakuan diuji dengan Uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan suhu pengolahan minyak ikan kasar dari kepala ikan Mackerel tanpa insang dengan metode steam jacketed sederhana memberikan pengaruh berbeda nyata terhadap nilai asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida, bilangan iod, dan rendemen, tetapi tidak menyebabkan perbedaan nyata terhadap nilai sensori. Mutu produk terbaik yaitu produk yang diolah pada suhu 65 °C selama 20 menit, produk tersebut mengandung asam lemak omega-3 dan omega-6.   Kata kunci: Kepala ikan Mackerel, Minyak ikan kasar, Steam jacketed sederhana     ABSTRACT  The process of crude fish oil processing using the steam jacketed method in a fish product processing company which uses the raw material of solid mixed waste of canned Mackerel at 90-100 °C result in the products which have not fulfilled the requirement of national fish oil quality. The purpose of this research is to figure out the effect of processing temperature difference in the processing of crude fish oil below or at 85 °C from gill-less Mackerel fish head using the simple steam jacketed method on the quality of the processing products. This research is also intended to figure out the temperature and duration for the processing which produces the crude fish oil to fulfill both national and international quality standard.The research materials were gill-less Mackerel fish heads. The research was conducted using laboratory experimental method. The experiments were designed into Randomized Block Design with difference temperatures (85 °C, 75 °C, and 65 °C). Each of the temperature treatments was made in triplicate. The quality variables to be observed were free fatty acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, moisture content, yield and sensory value. The quality variables which made the best treatment was then tested using the fatty acid profile test for the best crude fish oil product. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, and the difference among the treatments were tested using HSD test.The research result showed that the temperature difference in crude fish oil processing from gill-less Mackerel fish heads using the simple steam jacketed method gave significantly different effect on free fatty acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, and yield. However, did not give significantly different effect on sensory value. The best product quality was obtained from the product which was processed at 65 °C for 20 minutes, the product contains fatty acid omega-3 and omega-6. Keywords: Crude fish oil, Mackerel fish head, Simple steam jacketed method

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