Poster #70 COPING IN INDIVIDUALS AT CLINICAL HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS, SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROL SUBJECTS

PPARD has been suggested to contribute to the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) with the underlying mechanisms largely unknown. Here, we first collected and analyzed the PPARD expression profile from three groups: (1) 18 healthy control (HC) subjects, (2) 14 clinical high-risk (CHR) patients, and (3) 19 early onset of SCZ (EOS) patients. After that, we conducted a systematical pathway analysis to explore the potential mechanisms involved in PPARD exerting influence on the pathological development of SCZ. Compared to the HC group, the expression of PPARD was slightly decreased in the EOS group (LFC=−0.34; p=0.23) and increased in the CHR group (LFC=0.65; p=0.20). However, there was a significant difference between the EOS group and the CHR group (LFC=−0.99; p=0.015), reflecting the amount of variation in PPARD expression before and after the onset of SCZ. Pathway analysis suggested that overexpression of PPARD may regulate ten proteins or molecules to inhibit the pathological development of SCZ, including the deactivation of eight SCZ promoters and stimulation of two SCZ inhibitors. Our results support the association between PPARD and SCZ. The pathways identified may help in the understanding of the potential mechanisms by which PPARD contributes to the etiology of SCZ.

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The Critical Need for Help-Seeking Controls in Clinical High-Risk Research

Clinical Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/2167702619855660 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 1171-1189 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zachary B. Millman ◽

James M. Gold ◽

Vijay A. Mittal ◽

Jason Schiffman

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Reference Point ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Case Control ◽

Group Differences ◽

Clinical High Risk ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Combined Use ◽

Risk Research ◽

Healthy Control

Despite rapidly growing knowledge of the clinical high-risk (CHR) state for psychosis, the vast majority of case-control studies have relied on healthy volunteers as a reference point for drawing inferences about the CHR construct. Researchers have long recognized that results generated from this design are limited by significant interpretive concerns, yet little attention has been given to how these concerns affect the growing field of CHR research. We argue that overreliance on healthy control participants in CHR research threatens the validity of inferences concerning group differences, hinders advances in understanding the development of psychosis, and limits clinical progress. We suggest that the combined use of healthy and help-seeking (i.e., psychiatric) controls is a necessary step for the next generation of CHR research. We then evaluate methods for help-seeking control studies, identify the available CHR studies that have used such designs, discuss select findings in this literature, and offer recommendations for research.

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Potentially important periods of change in the development of social and role functioning in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579417000451 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 39-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Eva Velthorst ◽

Jamie Zinberg ◽

Jean Addington ◽

Kristin S. Cadenhead ◽

Tyrone D. Cannon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Daily Functioning ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical High Risk ◽

Role Functioning ◽

Age Related ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Over Time

AbstractThe developmental course of daily functioning prior to first psychosis-onset remains poorly understood. This study explored age-related periods of change in social and role functioning. The longitudinal study included youth (aged 12–23, mean follow-up years = 1.19) at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis (converters [CHR-C], n = 83; nonconverters [CHR-NC], n = 275) and a healthy control group (n = 164). Mixed-model analyses were performed to determine age-related differences in social and role functioning. We limited our analyses to functioning before psychosis conversion; thus, data of CHR-C participants gathered after psychosis onset were excluded. In controls, social and role functioning improved over time. From at least age 12, functioning in CHR was poorer than in controls, and this lag persisted over time. Between ages 15 and 18, social functioning in CHR-C stagnated and diverged from that of CHR-NC, who continued to improve (p = .001). Subsequently, CHR-C lagged behind in improvement between ages 21 and 23, further distinguishing them from CHR-NC (p < .001). A similar period of stagnation was apparent for role functioning, but to a lesser extent (p = .007). The results remained consistent when we accounted for the time to conversion. Our findings suggest that CHR-C start lagging behind CHR-NC in social and role functioning in adolescence, followed by a period of further stagnation in adulthood.

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Glutathione as a molecular marker of functional impairment in patients with at-risk mental state: 7-Tesla 1H-MRS study

10.1101/2020.11.17.20233635 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Jeon ◽

Roberto Limongi ◽

Sabrina D. Ford ◽

Cassandra Branco ◽

Michael Mackinley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Functional Outcomes ◽

Risk Group ◽

High Risk Group ◽

7 Tesla ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Clinical High Risk ◽

Healthy Control

AbstractA substantial number of individuals with clinical high-risk (CHR) mental state do not transition to psychosis. However, regardless of future diagnostic trajectories, many of these individuals develop poor social and occupational functional outcomes. The levels of glutathione, a crucial cortical antioxidant, may track variations in functional outcomes in early psychosis and prodromal states.Thirteen clinical high-risk and 30 healthy control volunteers were recruited for a 7-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy scan with voxel positioned within the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Clinical assessment scores were collected to determine if any association was observable with glutathione levels.Bayesian Spearman test revealed a positive association between the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) and the glutathione concentration in the clinical high-risk group but not in the healthy control group. After accounting for variations in SOFAS, CHR group had higher GSH levels than the healthy subjects.This study is the first to use 7-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy to test whether ACC glutathione levels related to social and occupational functioning in a clinically high-risk group and offers preliminary support for glutathione levels as a clinically actionable marker of prognosis in emerging adults presenting with risk features for various severe mental illnesses.

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Glutathione as a Molecular Marker of Functional Impairment in Patients with At-Risk Mental State: 7-Tesla 1H-MRS Study

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11070941 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 941

Author(s):

Peter Jeon ◽

Roberto Limongi ◽

Sabrina D. Ford ◽

Cassandra Branco ◽

Michael Mackinley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Functional Outcomes ◽

Risk Group ◽

High Risk Group ◽

7 Tesla ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Clinical High Risk ◽

Healthy Control

A substantial number of individuals with clinical high-risk (CHR) mental state do not transition to psychosis. However, regardless of future diagnostic trajectories, many of these individuals develop poor social and occupational functional outcomes. The levels of glutathione, a crucial cortical antioxidant, may track variations in functional outcomes in early psychosis and prodromal states. Thirteen clinical high-risk and 30 healthy control volunteers were recruited for a 7-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy scan with a voxel positioned within the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Clinical assessment scores were collected to determine if any association was observable with glutathione levels. The Bayesian Spearman’s test revealed a positive association between the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) and the glutathione concentration in the clinical high-risk group but not in the healthy control group. After accounting for variations in the SOFAS scores, the CHR group had higher GSH levels than the healthy subjects. This study is the first to use 7-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy to test whether ACC glutathione levels relate to social and occupational functioning in a clinically high-risk group and offers preliminary support for glutathione levels as a clinically actionable marker of prognosis in emerging adults presenting with risk features for various severe mental illnesses.

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Enhancement of Platelet Sensitivity to ADP-Aggregation by Isometric Exercise in Arteriosclerotic Patients and its Prevention

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1649233 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 37 (02) ◽

pp. 329-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Tadahiro Sano ◽

Takeshi Motomiya ◽

Hiroh Yamazaki ◽

Takio Shimamoto

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Amp ◽

Mechanical Stress ◽

Optical Density ◽

Platelet Function ◽

Isometric Exercise ◽

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽

New Method ◽

Platelet Aggregability ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Healthy Control

SummaryA new method for assessment of platelet sensitivity to ADP-aggregation was devised. Its reproducibility and the correlations between the values obtained by this method, the optical density (O. D.) method, and the screen filtration pressure (SFP) method were assessed. In summary, this method may be said to have three main points:1. It can be performed without centrifugation, avoiding mechanical stress to platelets, using only 0.8 ml. of blood and inexpensive equipment.2. It may reflect different aspects of platelet function from the O. D. method and the SFP method, despite the positive significant correlations between the values obtained by these three methods.3. It was proved to be highly reproducible and is thought to be useful clinically.By using this method, the effect of sustained isometric exercise by handgripping on platelet aggregability was assessed in coronary sclerotic and cerebral arteriosclerotic patients on placebo and EG-626, a newly synthesized cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. On placebo, an enhancement of platelet sensitivity was observed after isometric exercise in coronary and cerebral arteriosclerotic patients but not in healthy control subjects. The enhancement was prevented by pretreatment of EG-626, administered orally 1.5 hours prior to exercise.

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Some Cytokines Levels (IL-6 and IL-10) in Sera Patients with Cutaneous Leismanasis in Nassiriya Province

10.32792/utq/utjsci/vol7/2/1 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 4-6

Keyword(s):

Serum Level ◽

Immune Status ◽

Pure Science ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Healthy Control

The present study was carried out in the Labs of collage of education for pure science, during period from January 2017 to endDecember of the same year. The immune status investigates for CLpatients by measuring the levels of cytokines (IL6and IL10) in sera using a technique enzyme-linked immune Sorbent adsorptive (ELISA). The study included 120 subjects with (60 CLpatientsL.majar and 60 CLpatients L. tropica with and (30) were healthy control. Increased mean Serum level of IL6 was in the observed in the total patients as compared to control Subjects (224.53pg/ml,70.70pg/ml), the result indicate there was significant difference at (p<0.05) ,such observation was consistent in the patient infected with L.majar and L. tropica (104 .90 pg/ml and 112.78 pg/ml) respectively. The results of the IL10 showed significant difference at (p<0.05)increased of mean Serum level in the total CL patients as compared to control Subjects(226.90 pg/ml 46.77pg/ml,).Ahighly significant difference at (p<0.05) increased observed in patients group infected with L.majar and followed by patients group infected L. tropica (112.78pg/ml and 114.12pg/ml) respectively.These results revealed that the excessive presence of cytokines might play a role in CL patients.

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