Study of the Home Environment and Symptoms of Inattention and Hyperactivity in a Clinic Based Sample

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. O'Mahony ◽  
W.W. Lai ◽  
A. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity

The HOME (Caldwell and Bradley) is a well recognised 59 item tool used for assessing the home environment and especially how supportive the home environment is for the child's developmental needs. It is applied in the home and is scored according to rater observations and parent interview answers.Aims:A recent cross sectional study has shown an association between the HOME score and the severity of ADHD symptoms, especially hyperactivity, in children with ADHD. This study will ascertain if the association between symptoms of hyperactivity and the HOME score is present in children with non-ADHD clinical disorders as well as children with ADHD.Method:Parents of children aged < 10 years attending the Child Guidance Unit, Mater Misericordiae Hospital from 2006 onwards were invited to partake in the study. The HOME was administered to 100 participants and the child's symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity were assessed by administering the Conners’ Parent Rating scale.Results:A correlational bivariate analysis was performed on parent ratings of inattention and hyperactivity with the total Home score and each subscale. For each set of symptoms, there was a significant and negative correlation with total HOME score: Pearsons's r = -.22, p = .028 for hyperactivity and Pearson's r = -.33, p = .001 for inattention.Conclusion:Higher scores of hyperactivity and inattention are associated with a lower total HOME score; therefore there is an association between symptoms of hyperactivity and the home environment in children with non-ADHD clinical disorders as well as children with ADHD.

scholarly journals Perceived Loneliness and Severe Sleep Disorders in Adult Women during the Covid-19 Quarantine: A Cross-Sectional Study in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110251
Author(s):  
Álvaro Monterrosa-Castro ◽  
Angélica Monterrosa-Blanco ◽  
Andrea González-Sequeda
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotional Loneliness ◽  
Social Loneliness

Background: Quarantine is a measure to control COVID-19 spread, resulting in an increased perception of loneliness. In turn, sleep disorders (SD) may be more frequently reported in uncertain circumstances. Objectives: To identify the association between loneliness and severe SD, in women quarantined due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out in women, between 40 and 79 years and living in Colombia. The women were invited through social network to complete 5 digital instruments: de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, Menopause Rating Scale, Fear of COVID-19 Five-item Version, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and Francis Religion Scale. Bivariate analysis and adjusted logistic regression between loneliness and SD were performed. Results: 1133 women participated, half of them under 50 years old. 43.1% had emotional loneliness, 39.9% social loneliness and 43.3% general loneliness. SD were identified in 6 out of 10 women, those with mild SD presented an OR of 1.84, 1.85, and 1.64, for emotional, social and general loneliness, respectively. Loneliness was associated twice with moderate SD, and more than twice with severe SD. Very severe SD reached OR:5.81 for emotional loneliness, OR:4.38 social loneliness and OR:4.02 general loneliness. In the presence of religiosity, fear and anxiety due to COVID-19, statistical significance was retained for associations, except intense SD with general loneliness. Conclusions: SD were significantly associated with loneliness in our study population. It is important to assess sleep quality and perception of loneliness in middle-aged women, especially during periods of quarantine due to a pandemic to avoid health implications.

scholarly journals Hubungan Sanitasi Lingkungan Rumah dengan Kejadian Penyakit ISPA pada Balita di Desa Tuapukan Kecamatan Kupang Timur Kabupaten Kupang

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Yulita C. Frans ◽  
Sintha L. Purimahua ◽  
Marylin S. Junias
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Relationship

Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are infectious diseases that cause one and better parts of the channel (alveolus) including the adnexal tissue, such as sinuses, ear cavities, and pleura. Environmental saturation is an activity aimed at improving and maintaining standard environmental condition fundamentals that affect humans. Improper home sanitation is associated with high health problems, such as acute respiratory infections. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the home environment with the incidence of ARI disease in Tuapukan Village, Kupang Timur Sub-district, Kupang District. This study uses an observational method with cross-sectional study design. The population of this study was 519 and the sample was 81. The bivariate analysis used Chi-Square statistical test with 95% significance level. The results shows that variables related to ARI occurrence were house wall (p=0,029), house ventilation (p=0,011), house lighting (p=0,003), occupancy density (p=0,021) and smoking habit (p=0.002). It is recommended that the societies should keep the cleanliness of the house so it will not be a place for the growth of germs; thus the societies are able to prevent ARI disease.

scholarly journals Comorbidities and functional impairments in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in China: a hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e042196
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Shi ◽  
Yiting Ji ◽  
Shizhong Cai ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Core Symptoms

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess comorbidity patterns and functional impairment in children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).DesignHospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study; data collection occurred between 2016 and 2019.Settings and patientsA total of 8256 children and adolescents, 6–17 years of age, with suspected ADHD agreed to participate in this hospital-based cross-sectional study over a 4-year period in China. Comorbidities and social functions were assessed according to the scales Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Form, which were completed by the parents of the study participants.ResultsOf the 8256 children, 5640 were diagnosed with ADHD. Other 2616 children who did not meet the ADHD diagnostic criteria were classified as the N-ADHD group . The proportion of comorbidities (47.4%) and functional impairments (84.5%) in the ADHD group were higher than the N-ADHD group (p≤0.001). The functional impairment scores in all of the six domains, including family, academic, life skills, self-concept, social activities and risky activities, were significantly higher in the ADHD group than the N-ADHD group (p≤0.001). The functional impairment in ADHD group with comorbidities was more severe than those without comorbidities (p≤0.001). Comorbidities and core symptoms both can affect the functions of children with ADHD. Logistics regression analysis indicated that in all of the six functional domains, the effect of comorbidities on functional impairment exceeded the effects of ADHD core symptoms.ConclusionsComorbidities had the greatest influence on different areas of adaptive functioning in children with ADHD. Clinical management of children suspected to have ADHD should address multiple comorbidities and functional impairments assessment, as well as core symptom analysis.

Burden for Caregivers of Children with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Oman

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S120-S121 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Al Balushi ◽  
M. Al Shukaili ◽  
S. AL Adawi
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Teacher Rating ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Demographic Background ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionNurturing children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD is associated with psychological burden to the caregivers. Oman has a pyramidal population structure with the bulk of the population are in the pediatric age group. Previous studies have indicated that ADHD is common in Oman.ObjectivesTo measure level of burden of care among caregivers of children with ADHD and the relationship between the degree of burden, subtypes of ADHD and socio-demographic factors.MethodsA cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary hospital in Oman. Arabic-version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was used to evaluate the level of burden among the caregivers. The severity and subtypes of ADHD were quantified using Vanderbilt ADHD Parent/Teacher Rating Scale. Socio-demographic background and clinical data were gathered from medical records.ResultsThe study included caregivers of 100 children with ADHD. The mean ZBI score was significantly high for the parents of children with ADHD. As for the relationship with socio-demographic background, mothers of children with ADHD reported a higher mean ZBI score compared to fathers. Factors such as income, number of siblings, and severity/subtypes of ADHD played significant roles.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study of Arab/Islamic population exploring the burden of care for children with ADHD. Some of the risk factors appear to have direct effects. If this study will withstand further scrutiny, concerted effort is needed in emerging economies such as Oman to address the issue of burden among the caregivers of children with ADHD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN KEJADIAN DAN TINGKAT DEPRESI GURU HONORER DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI PADA EMPAT KECAMATAN DI KOTA KOTAMOBAGU PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratih Kusuma Dewi Arfa ◽  
L. F. J. Kandou ◽  
Herdy Munayang
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstrak: Perbandingan kejadian dan tingkat depresi guru honorer di Sekolah Dasar Negeri pada empat Kecamatan di Kota Kotamobagu Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Pendahuluan: Depresi merupakan gangguan mood yang paling sering dikaitkan dengan stres pekerjaan yang dimiliki individu dalam lingkungan pendidikan seperti profesi guru. Gejala depresi yang dialami guru sering dihubungkan dengan jenis kelamin, umur, status pernikahan, rendahnya kepuasan terhadap profesi, gaji atau penghargaan, keinginan untuk merubah pekerjaan, serta dukungan sosial. Di Indonesia, guru honorer yang memiliki status kepegawaian yang tidak jelas rentan mengalami depresi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kejadian dan tingkat depresi guru honorer di Sekolah Dasar Negeri pada empat Kecamatan di Kota Kotamobagu Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional-analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian ini melibatkan seluruh guru honorer yang mengajar di tiap Sekolah Dasar Negeri di empat Kecamatan dengan total 102 responden. Instrumen penelitian ialah kuesioner sosiodemografi dan Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Analisis univariat dan bivariat (Chi square test) dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi komputer. Hasil:Proporsi depresi di Kecamatan Kotamobagu Timur (84,8%) lebih besar daripada proporsi depresi di Kecamatan Kotamobagu Utara (80%), Kecamatan Kotamobagu Barat (82,8%) dan Kecamatan Kotamobagu Selatan (83,3%). Uji beda kejadian dan tingkat depresi mendapatkan nilai p= 0,986 dan p= 0,989.Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kejadian dan tingkat depresi guru honorer di Sekolah Dasar Negeri pada empat Kecamatan di Kota Kotamobagu Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Kata Kunci: perbandingan, depresi, guru honorer, HDRS     Abstract: The comparison of prevalence and degree of depression among honorary teachers in Public Primary Schools of four Districts in Kotamobagu City, North Sulawesi. Introduction: Depression is a mood disorder that mostly related to the occupational stress among people involved in educational environment especially teacher profession. Depressive symptoms felt by teacher is usually correlated with gender, age, marital status, low job satisfaction, salary or reward, wish to change a job, and social support. In Indonesia, honorary teachers who have a non-confirmed status of teaching tend to be stress and furthermore being more depressive to face these job conditions. This research aimed to examine the comparison of prevalence and degree of depression among honorary teachers in Public Primary Schools of four Districts in Kotamobagu City, North Sulawesi. Method: This research was a cross-sectional study that used observational-analytic design. This study involved 102 honorary teachers, teaching in all Public Primary Schools of four Districts in Kotamobagu. The instruments used in this research were Socio-demographic and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) questionnaires. Univariate and bivariate analysis (Chi Square test) were done with a computer application program. Result: The proportion of depression of East Kotamobagu district (84,8%) was greater than in North Kotamobagu District (80%), West Kotamobagu District (82,8%) and South Kotamobagu district (83,3%). Prevalence and degree comparation got p score 0,986 and 0,989. Conclusion:There are no significant prevalence and degree differences of depression among honorary teachers in Public Primary Schools of four districts in Kotamobagu City, North Sulawesi. Keywords: depression, comparison, honorary teachers, HDRS

Academic Performance of Children with ADHD in Ile Ife, South West, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Oluwasola Julius OKE ◽  
Ebunoluwa Aderonke Adejuyigbe ◽  
Saheed B. Oseni ◽  
Kolawole S. Mosaku
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder that affects attention and concentration of children. In Africa, there is a lack of information on academic performance of children with ADHD. This article aims to (1) determine the academic performance and intelligent quotient (IQ) of pupils with ADHD, (2) compare the academic performance and IQ of children with ADHD to those without ADHD, and (3) determine other factors affecting academic performance in children with ADHD. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Ile Ife among pupils aged 5 to 12 years. They were screened with Disruptive Behavioral Disorder Rating Scale, IQs determined with the Draw-A-Person test (DAPT), the academic performance determined with academic performance questionnaire (APQ), and continuous assessment (CA) score for 2013/2014 session recorded. A total of 32.3% of 65 pupils with ADHD had low CA score, while 9.6% of 1,320 pupils without ADHD had low CA score. The CA score of pupils with ADHD was significantly lower (χ2  = 36.875, p = 0.001), particularly among older children aged 9 to 12 years (χ 2 = 4.135, p = 0.042). A total of 46.2% of 65 pupils with ADHD had subnormal IQ, while 47.2% of 1,320 pupils without ADHD had subnormal IQ. There was no significant difference between the IQ of children with ADHD and their peers without ADHD (χ2  = 0.023, p = 0.879). Children with ADHD had similar IQ as their peers without ADHD but lower CA score. The low academic performance in pupils with ADHD could be attributed to inattentiveness in the affected pupils.

EARLY RECOGNIZATION OF THE CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER BY VANDERBILT ADHD RATING SCALE FOR TEACHERS AND PARENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Dinh Duong Le ◽  
Van Thang Vo ◽  
Thi Mai Nguyen ◽  
Thi Han Vo ◽  
Huu Chau Duc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Key Words Adhd

Objectives: The study aims to explore the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and to examine the associated factors with ADHD among primary students by Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale for teacher and parents. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted in 564 students who selected randomly in 4 primary schools in Hue city. Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale for parents and teachers were applied to evaluate the ADHD of children over 6 months ago. Results: The overall prevalence of children who had high risk with ADHD was 4.1% (95%CI: 2.44 - 5.72), including 4.6% and 4.8% in the rating of teachers and parents, respectively. Male was more likely to have ADHD than female (OR adj: 4.64 (95%CI: 1.53 - 14.05) and lack of closely friend (OR adj: 5.11 (95% CI: 2.13 - 12.24). Conclusion: Vanderbilt ADHD diagnosis rating scale for teachers and parents can be used to early recognization children with a high risk of ADHD. Key words: ADHD, Vanderbilt, ratings scale, teacher, parent, children

Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kinerja Tenaga Kesehatan Di Rawat INAP RSUD Batusangkar

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Sri Handayani ◽  
Puteri Fannya ◽  
Putri Nazofah
Keyword(s):  
Health Personnel ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Master Level

<p><em>Based on data from the Indonesia Ministry of Health in 2015, In Indonesia, new professional nurses were just 2% of the total nurses. This figure was much lower than the Philippines which has reached 40% with bachelor and master level as their education. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between age, and leadership with the performance of health personnel</em><em>. </em><em>The design of this research was analytical research with Cross Sectional Study. The population in this study was all nurses and doctors who served in the internal room, children, surgery and midwifery</em><em>. </em><em>Sampling using total sampling</em><em> </em><em>by questionnaires. The data was processed by univariate and bivariate analysis using Chi-square test</em><em>. </em><em>The result showed that 57,8% nurses had poor performance, 56,3% doctors had poor performance, 64,4% nurses had average age 26-35 years, 56,2% doctors had average age  36-45 years, 64.4% nurses have poor leadership, </em><em>and </em><em>50.0% of doctors have less good leadership</em><em>.</em><em> There is a relationship between age</em><em> and </em><em>leadership with the performance of health personnel.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p>Berdasarkan data kemenkes RI tahun 2015 jumlah tenaga kesehatan terbanyak yaitu perawat sebanyak 147.264 orang (45,65%). Di Indonesia, perawat profesional baru mencapai 2% dari total perawat yang ada. Angka ini jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan Filipina yang sudah mencapai 40% dengan pendidikan strata satu dan dua. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara umur, kepemimpinan dengan kinerja tenaga kesehatan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain penelitian analitik dengan Cross Sectional Study. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua perawat dan dokter. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan Total Sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner. Data diolah dengan analisis univariat menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 57,8% perawat memiliki kinerja kurang baik, 56,3% dokter memiliki kinerja kurang baik, 64,4% perawat memiliki umur rata-rata 26-35 tahun 64,4%, 56,2% dokter memiliki umur rata-rata 36-45 tahun, 64,4% perawat memiliki kepemimpinan kurang baik, 50,0% dokter memiliki kepemimpinan kurang baik. Terdapat hubungan antara umur dan kepemimpinan dengan kinerja tenaga kesehatan.</p>

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Undernutrition at Admission Among Adult Hospitalized Patients at a Referral Hospital in Indonesia

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 215824402098331
Author(s):  
Nur Chandra Bunawan ◽  
Dwi Suseno ◽  
Drupadi H. S. Dillon ◽  
Ikhwan Rinaldi ◽  
Dyah Purnamasari
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Initial Hospital ◽  
Comorbidity Index

Patients with undernutrition at admission have higher risks to worsen their nutritional status, which is linked to an increase in morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the prevalence of undernutrition at admission and its associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients aged 18 to 59 years old in Internal Medicine ward at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, between July and September 2019. Factors that might be associated with undernutrition at admission, such as age, sex, marital status, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and type of comorbidity, depression, and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), were assessed. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the associated factors. Sixty hospitalized patients with median age of 42 years and 76.7% with married status joined the study. The most common reason for hospitalization was acute gastrointestinal disease with gallstones as the most common comorbidity. Undernutrition exists in 26.7% of subjects. High CCI score was observed among 11.7% subjects and half of subjects had NLR category ≥5. Bivariate analysis revealed that unmarried status, age ≥40 years, and malignancy were associated with undernutrition at admission. Logistic regression analysis showed malignancy as an independent predictor of undernutrition during the initial hospital admission (odds ratio [OR] = 11.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.1, 125.7]). The prevalence of undernutrition at admission was 26.7%. Factors associated with an increased prevalence of undernutrition at admission were age <40 years, unmarried status, and malignancy. Malignancy was an independent factor of the prevalence of undernutrition at admission.

scholarly journals How do delirium motor subtypes differ in phenomenology and contributory aetiology? a cross-sectional, multisite study of liaison psychiatry and palliative care patients

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e041214
Author(s):  
Kevin Glynn ◽  
Frank McKenna ◽  
Kevin Lally ◽  
Muireann O’Donnell ◽  
Sandeep Grover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
International Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypoactive Delirium

ObjectivesTo investigate whether delirium motor subtypes differ in terms of phenomenology and contributory aetiology.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingInternational study incorporating data from Ireland and India across palliative care, old age liaison psychiatry and general adult liaison psychiatry settings.Participants1757 patients diagnosed with delirium using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edition (DSM IV).Primary and secondary outcome measuresHyperactive, mixed and hypoactive delirium subtypes were identified using the abbreviated version of the Delirium Motor Subtype Scale. Phenomenology was assessed using the Delirium Rating Scale Revised. Contributory aetiologies were assessed using the Delirium Aetiology Checklist (DEC), with a score >2 indicating that the aetiology was likely or definitely contributory.ResultsHypoactive delirium was associated with dementia, cerebrovascular and systemic infection aetiologies (p<0.001) and had a lower overall burden of delirium symptoms than the other motor subtypes. Hyperactive delirium was associated with younger age, drug withdrawal and the DEC category other systemic aetiologies (p<0.001). Mixed delirium showed the greatest symptom burden and was more often associated with drug intoxication and metabolic disturbance (p<0.001). All three delirium motor subtypes had similar levels of impairment in attention and visuospatial functioning but differed significantly when compared with no subtype (p<0.001).ConclusionsThis study indicates a pattern of aetiology and symptomatology of delirium motor subtypes across a large international sample that had previously been lacking. It serves to improve our understanding of this complex condition and has implications in terms of early detection and management of delirium.

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