Connections between personality and the symptomatology of alcohol use disorder

IntroductionTemperament and character factors and specific impulse control-related personality traits are connected to the developmental and clinical aspects of alcohol use disorder (AUD).Objectives/aimsTo reveal the underlying personality structure of individual differences in the symptom severity of AUD. Therefore temperament and character, impulsivity and aggression were assessed in relation to alcohol addiction severity.MethodsSixty-three patients with AUD were involved. Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised was used to quantify temperament and character dimensions. Impulsivity was assessed by the Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11 (BIS) and aggression by the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). To determine symptom severity of AUD the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale-Revised (MAC-R) and the number of DSM-IV alcohol dependence symptoms were registered. To analyze the connections between symptom severity indicators and personality factors Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis were applied, p < 0.05 were considered significant.ResultsSADQ (r = 0.290), AUDIT (r = 0.345), MAC-R (r = 0.504) and the DSM-IV alcohol dependence symptoms (Spearman rho = 0.271) correlated positively with novelty-seeking temperament factor. SADQ (r = 0.262) and AUDIT (r = 0.293) scores correlated positively with BIS. Furthermore SADQ (r = 0.382), AUDIT (r = 0.318), MAC-R (r = 0.416) correlated positively with BPAQ.ConclusionsNovelty-seeking, impulsivity and aggression as indicators of impulse control have different theoretical backgrounds but a common root. This study has revealed that the adverse consequences of lower impulse control can lead to more severe symptoms of AUD. These connections between impulse control and the symptomatology could contribute to a better understanding of the clinical complexity of AUD.

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Alcohol craving and the dimensionality of alcohol disorders

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329171000053x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 629-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

K. M. Keyes ◽

R. F. Krueger ◽

B. F. Grant ◽

D. S. Hasin

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Latent Variable ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Alcohol Problems ◽

Continuous Measure ◽

Alcohol Disorders ◽

Alcohol Craving ◽

Epidemiologic Survey ◽

Dsm Iv

BackgroundICD-10 includes a craving criterion for alcohol dependence while DSM-IV does not. Little is known about whether craving fits with or improves the DSM-IV criteria set for alcohol-use disorders.MethodData were derived from current drinkers (n=18 352) in the 1991–1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES), a nationally representative survey of US adults >17 years of age. The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule was used to assess the eleven DSM-IV dependence and abuse criteria, and alcohol craving. Exploratory factor, item response theory, and regression analyses were used to evaluate the psychometric properties and concurrent validity of DSM-based alcohol disorder criteria with the addition of alcohol craving.ResultsThe past 12-month prevalence of craving was 1.3%. Craving formed part of a unidimensional latent variable that included existing DSM-IV criteria. Craving demonstrated high severity on the alcohol-use disorder continuum, resulting in an improved dimensional model with greater discriminatory ability compared with current DSM-IV criteria. Correlates of the diagnosis did not change with the addition of craving, and past 12-month craving was associated with prior alcohol dependence, depression, and earlier age of alcohol disorder onset among those with current DSM-IV alcohol dependence.ConclusionsThe addition of craving to the existing DSM-IV criteria yields a continuous measure that better differentiates individuals with and without alcohol problems along the alcohol-use disorder continuum. Few individuals are newly diagnosed with alcohol dependence given the addition of craving, indicating construct validity but redundancy with existing criteria.

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Co-occurrence of DSM-IV mental disorders and alcohol use disorder among adult Chinese males

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291717001337 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (16) ◽

pp. 2811-2822 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. G. Cheng ◽

M. R. Phillips ◽

X. Li ◽

J. Zhang ◽

Q. Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Adult Population ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Comorbid Disorders ◽

Dsm Iv

BackgroundStudies from high-income countries report moderate-to-strong positive associations between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and other mental disorders, but there is little evidence about the comorbidity of AUD from low-and-middle-income countries.MethodsA sample of 74 752 adults from five provinces that account for >12% of China's adult population was screened using the General Health Questionnaire, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV was administered by psychiatrists to a subsample of 9619 males. The associations between AUD and other mental disorders at each site and the characteristics of men with AUD with and without comorbid mental disorders were estimated using logistic regression and summarized across sites using meta-analysis. Generalized estimation equations estimated the associations between the clinical features of alcohol dependence and comorbidity.ResultsRobust inverse associations were found between current AUD and any mood disorder (adjusted OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4–0.8) and any anxiety disorder (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–1.0). Compared with men without AUD, men with AUD without comorbid disorders were more likely to be middle-aged, to be currently married, and to have higher family incomes. Men with comorbid AUD and other disorders were more likely to have the clinical features of alcohol dependence than men with AUD without comorbid disorders.ConclusionsInverse associations between AUD and other mental disorders and the higher social status of men with AUD than men without AUD found in this large, representative sample of community-dwelling Chinese males highlight the importance of considering the local substance-use culture when designing clinical or preventive interventions for addictive conditions.

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Correlates of lifetime alcohol abuse and dependence among older community residents in Brazil

International Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/s1749367600000436 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 40-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gerda G. Fillenbaum ◽

Sergio Luís Blay ◽

Sergio Baxter Andreoli ◽

Fabio Leite Gastal

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Abuse ◽

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Social Characteristics ◽

Community Residents ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Physiological Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Alcohol Abuse And Dependence

Misinterpretation in major surveys of alcohol use disorder as described by DSM-IV (Hasin et al, 2007) has raised serious questions regarding the extent of alcohol use disorder, and the relationship between alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. While the adverse social, physical and mental effects of alcohol misuse are well known (Council on Scientific Affairs, 1996), there is little information on the determinants of alcohol abuse (societal impact) and alcohol dependence (physiological impact). We therefore examined their separate and combined associations with demographic, social and health characteristics in a representative community-resident sample aged 60 years and over. We hypothesised that, while for each of the three groups (those with alcohol abuse, those with alcohol dependence, and those with both) there would be associated demographic characteristics, abuse would be more closely associated with social characteristics, dependence with health characteristics, and the combined presence of abuse and dependence with both social and health characteristics.

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Efficacy and tolerability of baclofen in a U.S. community population with alcohol use disorder: a dose-response, randomized, controlled trial

Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1038/s41386-021-01055-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

James C. Garbutt ◽

Alexei B. Kampov-Polevoy ◽

Cort Pedersen ◽

Melissa Stansbury ◽

Robyn Jordan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Double Blind ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Main Effect ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Drop Outs ◽

Positive Effect

AbstractIdentification of new medications for alcohol use disorder (AUD) is important for improving treatment options. Baclofen, a GABAB agonist, has been identified as a potential pharmacotherapy for AUD. In a 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we investigated 30 and 90 mg/day of baclofen compared to placebo and examined effects of dose, sex, and level of pretreatment drinking. One hundred and twenty participants with DSM-IV alcohol dependence (age 46.1 (sd = 10.1) years, 51.7% male) were randomized after exclusion for unstable medical/psychiatric illness and/or dependence on drugs other than nicotine. Seventy-three participants completed the trial. A main effect of baclofen was found [%HDD (F(2,112) = 4.16, p = 0.018, d = 0.51 95%CI (0.06–0.95), 13.6 fewer HDD) and %ABST (F(2,112) = 3.68, p = 0.028, d = 0.49 95%CI (0.04–0.93), 12.9 more abstinent days)] and was driven by the 90 mg/day dose. A sex × dose interaction effect was present for both %HDD (F(2,110) = 5.48, p = 0.005) and %ABST (F(2,110) = 3.19, p = 0.045). Men showed a marginally positive effect for 90 mg/day compared to PBO (%HDD t(110) = 1.88, p = 0.063, d = 0.36 95%CI (−0.09–0.80), 15.8 fewer HDD days; %ABST t(110) = 1.68 (p = 0.096, d = 0.32 95%CI (−0.12–0.76), 15.7 more ABST)) with no effect for 30 mg/day. Women showed a positive effect for 30 mg/day (%HDD, t(110) = 3.19, p = 0.002, d = 0.61 95%CI (0.16–1.05), 26.3 fewer HDD days; %ABST t(110) = 2.73, p = 0.007, d = 0.52 95%CI (0.07–0.96), 25.4 more ABST days) with marginal effects for 90 mg/day on %ABST (p = 0.06) with drop-outs/dose reduction from sedative side-effects of 59% in women at 90 mg/day compared to 5% for men. These findings support the hypothesis that baclofen has efficacy in AUD and suggest that dose and sex be further explored as potential moderators of baclofen response and tolerability.

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Evaluation of childhood traumatic experience as a risk factor for alcohol use disorder in adulthood

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-020-2428-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lan Wang ◽

Cui-Xia An ◽

Mei Song ◽

Na Li ◽

Yuan-Yuan Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Abuse ◽

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Traumatic Experience ◽

Frequent Drinking

Abstract Background We aimed to investigate the effect of early-age (prenatal, infant, and childhood) trauma on adulthood alcohol use disorder. Methods A total number of 1534 subjects who were born and live in the city of Tangshan were selected. The subjects were divided into three age groups. General demographic data, conditions of the mothers during pregnancy, and condition of the babies at birth, were collected. The diagnosis of alcohol use disorder was based on Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV Axis Disorders (patient version) (SCID). The childhood trauma questionnaire short form (CTQ-SF) [1] and the Lifetime of Experience Questionnaire (LTE-Q) [2] were used to evaluate stress in childhood and adulthood, respectively. Results Only male subjects were diagnosed with lifelong alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of lifetime alcohol use disorder (X2 = 4.480, P = 0.345), current alcohol abuse, and current alcohol dependence among the three groups (X2abuse = 2.177, X2depedence = 2.198, P > 0.05). However, higher prevalence of lifetime alcohol use disorders was found in group with higher scores of CTQ (X2 = 9.315, P = 0.009), emotional abuse (X2 = 8.025, P = 0.018), physical abuse (X2 = 20.4080, P < 0.001), but not in the group with higher scores of emotional neglect (X2 = 1.226, P = 0.542), sexual abuse (X2 = 2.779, P = 0.249), physical neglect (X2 = 3.978, P = 0.137), LTE-Q (X2 = 5.415, P = 0.067), and PSQI (X2 = 5.238, P = 0.073). Protective factor for alcohol abuse for men was identified to be heavy drinking (OR = 0.085, 95%CI: 0.011–0.661), and the risk factors for alcohol abuse were identified to be frequent drinking (OR = 2.736, 95%CI: 1.500, 4.988), and consumption of low liquor (OR = 2.563, 95%CI: 1.387, 4.734). Risk factors for alcohol dependence in males were identified to be consumption of low liquor (OR = 5.501, 95%CI: 2.004, 15.103), frequent drinking (OR = 2.680, 95%CI: 1.164, 6.170), and childhood physical abuse (OR = 2.310, 95% CI: 1.026, 5.201). Conclusion Traumatic experience during infant and prenatal periods does not have a strong statistical correlation with alcohol use disorders for male adults. However, subjects with high CTQ scores, experience of emotional abuse and physical abuse show a statistically higher prevalence of lifetime alcohol use disorders. Several risk factors including consumption of low liquor, frequent drinking, and childhood physical abuse contribute to alcohol dependence in male adults.

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DSM-IV and DSM-5 alcohol use disorder among young Swiss men

Addiction ◽

10.1111/add.12800 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 110 (3) ◽

pp. 429-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Meichun Mohler-Kuo ◽

Simon Foster ◽

Gerhard Gmel ◽

Michelle Dey ◽

Petra Dermota

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Dsm Iv

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Executive and personality functioning and the ability to maintain prolonged abstinence in alcohol dependence

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71717-5 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 6-6

Author(s):

B. Andó ◽

A. Szkaliczki ◽

S. Rózsa ◽

E. Kurgyis ◽

G. Drótos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Executive Functioning ◽

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Novelty Seeking ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Personality Functioning ◽

Behavior Preference ◽

Prolonged Abstinence

IntroductionRecent studies have revealed that neurocognitive and personality domains are important contributors of prolonged abstinence in alcohol dependence.Objectives/aimsTo reveal further factors related to the ability of maintaining prolonged abstinence in alcohol dependence. Therefore executive and personality functioning were compared of patients with short (STA) and long-term abstinence (LTA).MethodsSTA patients (N = 44) were involved from an inpatient center, LTA patients (N = 46; min. 3 years of abstinence) were involved from AA Groups. Decision-making, inhibition and planning as components of executive functioning, coping strategy, temperament and character factors as indicators of personality functioning were evaluated. MANCOVA and Mann-Whitney U statistical analyses were applied to compare the two groups.ResultsNo significant differences were found between the STA and LTA patients along decision-making (F = 0.008, p = 0.992), planning (Mann-Whitney U = 794.5, p = 0.065) and inhibition (Mann-Whitney U = 921.5, p = 0.442). Lower levels of novelty seeking and harm avoidance and higher levels of self-directedness and cooperativeness were found in the LTA group (F = 3.32, p = 0.001) along with lower level of emotion oriented coping (F = 3.32, p = 0.001).ConclusionsDecision-making, inhibition and planning components of executive functioning are independent from the length of abstinence in alcohol dependence. The similar decision-making pattern of the two groups reflect the core feature of addictive behavior; preference toward immediate higher reward and lower punishment despite the long term negative consequences. It is hypothesized that the higher levels of adaptive personality factors in the LTA group decrease the risk of relapse, and contribute to the ability of maintaining prolonged abstinence.

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Modeling the Dimensionality of DSM-IV Alcohol Use Disorder Criteria in a Nationally Representative Sample of College Students

Substance Use & Misuse ◽

10.3109/10826084.2012.676698 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (10) ◽

pp. 1073-1085 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sarah J. Ehlke ◽

Brett T. Hagman ◽

Amy M. Cohn

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Nationally Representative

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Genome-wide association study meta-analysis of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) in two population-based cohorts (N=141,932)

10.1101/275917 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sandra Sanchez-Roige ◽

Abraham A. Palmer ◽

Pierre Fontanillas ◽

Sarah L. Elson ◽

Mark J. Adams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Population Based ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Disorder Identification ◽

Dsm Iv

AbstractAlcohol use disorders (AUD) are common conditions that have enormous social and economic consequences. We obtained quantitative measures using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) from two population-based cohorts of European ancestry: UK Biobank (UKB; N=121,604) and 23andMe (N=20,328) and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis. We also performed GWAS for AUDIT items 1-3, which focus on consumption (AUDIT-C), and for items 4-10, which focus on the problematic consequences of drinking (AUDIT-P). The GWAS meta-analysis of AUDIT total score identified 10 associated risk loci. Novel associations localized to genes including JCAD and SLC39A13; we also replicated previously identified signals in the genes ADH1B, ADH1C, KLB, and GCKR. The dimensions of AUDIT showed positive genetic correlations with alcohol consumption (rg=0.76-0.92) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) alcohol dependence (rg=0.33-0.63). AUDIT-P and AUDIT-C showed significantly different patterns of association across a number of traits, including psychiatric disorders. AUDIT-P was positively genetically correlated with schizophrenia (rg=0.22, p=3.0×10−10), major depressive disorder (rg=0.26, p=5.6×10−3), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; rg=0.23, p=1.1×10−5), whereas AUDIT-C was negatively genetically correlated with major depressive disorder (rg=−0.24, p=3.7×10−3) and ADHD (rg=−0.10, p=1.8×10−2). We also used the AUDIT data in the UKB to identify thresholds for dichotomizing AUDIT total score that optimize genetic correlations with DSM-IV alcohol dependence. Coding individuals with AUDIT total score of ≤4 as controls and ≥12 as cases produced a high genetic correlation with DSM-IV alcohol dependence (rg=0.82, p=3.2×10−6) while retaining most subjects. We conclude that AUDIT scores ascertained in population-based cohorts can be used to explore the genetic basis of both alcohol consumption and AUD.

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