Influence of rhodium- and ceria-promotion of automotive palladium catalyst on its catalytic behaviour under steady-state and dynamic operation

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 159-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Tagliaferri ◽  
RenéA. Köppel ◽  
Alfons Baiker
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Palladium Catalyst ◽  
Dynamic Operation ◽  
Catalytic Behaviour

Numerical and Experimental Research on a Kaibel Divided-Wall Column: Design and Steady-State and Dynamic Operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (27) ◽  
pp. 12557-12567
Author(s):  
Hui Pan ◽  
Feng Ju ◽  
Guichun He ◽  
Jigang Zhao ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Dynamic Operation ◽  
Divided Wall Column ◽  
Column Design

scholarly journals One-Cycle Control of Three-Phase Five-Level Diode-Clamped STATCOM

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1830
Author(s):  
In Wha Jeong ◽  
Tae Hyun Sung
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Static Var Compensator ◽  
Pwm Control ◽  
Multilevel Converter ◽  
Dynamic Operation ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Voltage Balance ◽  
Level Converter

This paper presents a new multilevel one-cycle control (OCC) technique for a five-level diode-clamped multilevel converter (DCMC)-based static VAR compensator (STATCOM). The OCC algorithm in combination with multi-carrier level-shifted PWM control is used in the proposed five-level DCMC-based STATCOM. The automatic dc link voltage balance is simply realized by four voltage compensators presented as the part of the OCC controller. In this paper the OCC principle of a two-level converter-based STATCOM is reviewed and extended to the five-level DCMC-based STATCOM. The proposed multilevel OCC control method of the five-level DCMC-based STATCOM in steady-state and dynamic operation modes is verified by simulation and experimental results.

Steady State and Dynamic Operation of Four-Product Dividing-Wall (Kaibel) Columns: Experimental Verification

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (48) ◽  
pp. 15696-15709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deeptanshu Dwivedi ◽  
Jens P. Strandberg ◽  
Ivar J. Halvorsen ◽  
Sigurd Skogestad
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Dynamic Operation

Kinetically induced multiple steady states during acetylene hydrogenation

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1708-1720
Author(s):  
Pavel Čapek ◽  
Karel Klusáček
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Palladium Catalyst ◽  
Local Stability ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Multiple Steady States ◽  
Mass Balances ◽  
Oscillatory Behaviour ◽  
Acetylene Hydrogenation ◽  
Isothermal Reaction ◽  
Steady State Solutions

An isothermal reaction model of acetylene hydrogenation on palladium catalyst is described. Steady-state solutions of the mass balances in a CSTR display regions of multiplicity caused by the very distinct rate and strength of adsorption and desorption of acetylene and hydrogen, respectively. Uniqueness and local stability of this model are investigated numerically; oscillatory behaviour is predicted to be absent for typical conditions.

Safe Dynamic Operation of a Simple SOFC/GT Hybrid System

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Stiller ◽  
Bjo̸rn Thorud ◽  
Olav Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Design Point ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Dynamic Operation ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Load Regime ◽  
Change Dynamic

The current work shall prove the feasibility and show methods to safely operate a simple SOFC/GT hybrid system under part-load and load change. Dynamic and steady state studies on a detailed model of a SOFC/GT hybrid system have been performed. A design point is selected. Steady-state part-load behaviour is shown by means of performance maps. An operation line with fairly constant temperatures in the upper part-load regime and an almost constant efficiency down to app. 25% part-load is proposed and the dynamic behaviour of the system on rapid load changes is investigated. Strategies for the dynamic controlling of power by manipulating fuel flow are shown that might enable the system to adapt to a new setpoint power quite quickly.

scholarly journals Dynamic Energy Efficient Control of Induction Machines Using Anticipative Flux Templates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2878
Author(s):  
Antony Dominic ◽  
Gernot Schullerus ◽  
Martin Winter
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Real World ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Induction Machines ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Efficiency Optimization ◽  
Dynamic Operation ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Steady State Operation

Energy efficiency optimization techniques for steady state operation of induction machines are the state-of-the-art, and many methods have already been developed. However, many real-world industrial and electric vehicle applications cannot be considered to be in steady state operation. The focus of this contribution is on the efficiency optimization of induction machines in dynamic operation. Online dynamic operation is challenging due to the computational complexity and the required low sample times in an inverter. An offline optimization is therefore conducted to gain knowledge. Based on this offline optimal solution, a simple and easy to implement template based solution is developed. This approach aims at replicating the solution found by the offline optimization by resembling the shape and anticipative characteristics of the optimal flux trajectory. The energy efficiency improvement of the template based solution is verified by simulations and measurements on a test bench and using a real-world drive cycle scenario. For comparison, a model predictive numerical online optimization is investigated too.

Studies on Water in the Hydration Chamber of a Modified Electron Microscope

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
R. C. Moretz ◽  
G. G. Hausner ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Small Mass ◽  
Equilibrium Pressure ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Mechanical Pump ◽  
Differential Pumping

Use of the electron microscope to examine wet objects is possible due to the small mass thickness of the equilibrium pressure of water vapor at room temperature. Previous attempts to examine hydrated biological objects and water itself used a chamber consisting of two small apertures sealed by two thin films. Extensive work in our laboratory showed that such films have an 80% failure rate when wet. Using the principle of differential pumping of the microscope column, we can use open apertures in place of thin film windows.Fig. 1 shows the modified Siemens la specimen chamber with the connections to the water supply and the auxiliary pumping station. A mechanical pump is connected to the vapor supply via a 100μ aperture to maintain steady-state conditions.

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