Effects of organophosphorous compounds on fatty acid compositions and oxidative phosphorylation system in the brain of rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuhito Fukushima ◽  
Nobumasa Hojo ◽  
Akio Isobe ◽  
Kuninori Shiwaku ◽  
Yosuke Yamane
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation System ◽  
Organophosphorous Compounds ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

scholarly journals Molecular composition of the phosphatidylcholines produced by the phospholipid methylation pathway in rat brain in vivo

1987 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Lakher ◽  
R J Wurtman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Composition ◽  
Methylation Pathway ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lateral Cerebral Ventricle ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

We examined the formation in vivo of molecular subspecies of brain phosphatidylcholine (PC) via the phospholipid-methylation pathway. [3H]Methionine was infused into a lateral cerebral ventricle, and 3H-labelled PC was isolated from brains of rats 0.1-18 h after the infusions. Three major subspecies of this PC, differing in their fatty acid compositions, were separated on silver-impregnated t.l.c. plates, and the proportions of radioactivities in these three PC fractions were determined. The results indicate that newly-formed PC synthesized by methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine at 0.1 h after [3H]methionine contains a significantly higher proportion of polyunsaturated subspecies (i.e. those with six or four double bonds) than does PC obtained later times after injection of [3H]methionine. This change in the composition of 3H-labelled brain PC occurs gradually and is not due to an influx of radioactive PC from the periphery. Our data suggest that polyunsaturated PC (hexaenes and tetraenes) produced in the brain by methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine turns over faster than does that containing more-saturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Systematic Analysis of the Whole-Body Tissue Distribution and Fatty Acid Compositions of Membrane Lipids in CD1 and NMRI Mice and Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lina Xu ◽  
Maximilian V. Schmitt ◽  
Huabin Ruan ◽  
Yupei Jiao ◽  
Xueying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Nmri Mice ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions ◽  
Brain Tissues

Understanding the tissue distribution of phospholipids and glycerolipids in animal models enables promoting the pharmacokinetic study of drugs and related PK predictions. The measurement of lipid compositions in animal models, usually mice and rats, without a standardized approach hindered the accuracy of PBPK investigation. In this work, high resolution mass spectrometry was applied to profile the tissue distribution of phospholipids and glycerolipids in 12 organs/tissues of mice and rats. Using this method, not only the amounts of phospholipids and glycerolipids in each organ/tissue but also the fatty acid compositions were acquired. In order to explore the interspecies specificity of lipid distribution in different organs/tissues, three animal species including CD1 mice, NMRI mice, and Wister rats were used in this systematic study. Globally, more organ specificity was observed. It was found that the brain is the organ containing the most abundant phosphatidylserine lipids (PSs) in all three animal models, leading to brain tissues having the most concentrated acidic phospholipids. Diverse fatty acid compositions in each lipid class were clearly revealed. Certain tissues/organs also had a specific selection of unique fatty acid compositions, for example, unreferenced FA(18 : 2) in the brain. It turned out that the access of free fatty acids affects the incorporation of acyl chain in phospholipids and glycerolipids. In the analysis, ether lipids were also profiled with the observation of dominant ePEs in brain tissues. However, little interspecies difference was found for fatty acid constituents and tissues distribution of phospholipids and glycerolipids.

scholarly journals Combined defects in oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid β-oxidation in mitochondrial disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abena Nsiah-Sefaa ◽  
Matthew McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Mitochondrial Disease ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Combined Defects

Mitochondria provide the main source of energy to eukaryotic cells, oxidizing fats and sugars to generate ATP. Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are two metabolic pathways which are central to this process. Defects in these pathways can result in diseases of the brain, skeletal muscle, heart and liver, affecting approximately 1 in 5000 live births. There are no effective therapies for these disorders, with quality of life severely reduced for most patients. The pathology underlying many aspects of these diseases is not well understood; for example, it is not clear why some patients with primary FAO deficiencies exhibit secondary OXPHOS defects. However, recent findings suggest that physical interactions exist between FAO and OXPHOS proteins, and that these interactions are critical for both FAO and OXPHOS function. Here, we review our current understanding of the interactions between FAO and OXPHOS proteins and how defects in these two metabolic pathways contribute to mitochondrial disease pathogenesis.

Comparison of Fatty Acid Compositions and Tocopherols in Perilla germplasm of South Korea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Sung ◽  
YJ Jeong ◽  
DJ Kim ◽  
YY Lee ◽  
YA Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Serum Fatty Acid Compositions and Lipid Concentrations and Their Correlations.

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshichika TAKITA ◽  
Kahoru NAKAMURA ◽  
Mitsuru KIMIRA ◽  
Norihiro YAMADA ◽  
Yoshie KOBAYASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Fatty Acid Data and Crop Surveys Indicate Sources of Red Sunflower Seed Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Populations and Suggest Strategies for Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrad R Prasifka ◽  
Beth Ferguson ◽  
James V Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Fatty Acid Data ◽  
Smicronyx Fulvus ◽  
Combined Data ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Abstract The red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus L., is a univoltine seed-feeding pest of cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. Artificial infestations of S. fulvus onto sunflowers with traditional (<25% oleic acid), mid-oleic (55–75%), or high oleic (>80%) fatty acid profiles were used to test if fatty acids could be used as natural markers to estimate the proportion of weevils developing on oilseed sunflowers rather than wild Helianthus spp. and confection (non-oil) types. Oleic acid (%) in S. fulvus confirmed the fatty acid compositions of mature larvae and weevil adults reflected their diets, making primary (oleic or linoleic) fatty acids feasible as natural markers for this crop-insect combination. Oleic acid in wild S. fulvus populations in North Dakota suggests at least 84 and 90% of adults originated from mid-oleic or high oleic sunflower hybrids in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Surveys in 2017 (n = 156 fields) and 2019 (n = 120 fields) extended information provided by S. fulvus fatty acid data; no significant spatial patterns of S. fulvus damage were detected in samples, damage to oilseed sunflowers was greater than confection (non-oil) types, and the majority of damage occurred in ≈10% of surveyed fields. Combined, data suggest a few unmanaged or mismanaged oilseed sunflower fields are responsible for producing most S. fulvus in an area. Improved management seems possible with a combination of grower education and expanded use of non-insecticidal tactics, including cultural practices and S. fulvus-resistant hybrids.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical Variability of Cured Vanilla Beans (Vanilla tahitensis and Vanilla planifolia)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Brunschwig ◽  
François Xavier Collard ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bianchini ◽  
Phila Raharivelomanana
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Curing Method ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

In order to establish a chemical fingerprint of vanilla diversity, thirty samples of V. planifolia J. W. Moore and V. tahitensis G. Jackson cured beans from seven producing countries were examined for their aroma and fatty acid contents. Both fatty acid and aroma compositions were found to vary between vanilla species and origins. Vanillin was found in higher amounts in V. planifolia (1.7-3.6% of dry matter) than in V. tahitensis (1.0-2.0%), and anisyl compounds were found in lower amounts in V. planifolia (0.05%) than in V. tahitensis (1.4%-2.1%). Ten common and long chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCFA) were identified and were found to be characteristic of the vanilla origin. LCFA derived from secondary metabolites have discriminating compositions as they reach 5.9% and 15.8% of total fatty acids, respectively in V. tahitensis and V. planifolia. This study highlights the role of the curing method as vanilla cured beans of two different species cultivated in the same country were found to have quite similar fatty acid compositions.

scholarly journals Temperature and Aging Affect Glyphosate Toxicity and Fatty Acid Composition in Allonychiurus kimi (Lee) (Collembola)

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
June Wee ◽  
Yun-Sik Lee ◽  
Yongeun Kim ◽  
Jino Son ◽  
Kijong Cho
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Chronic Effect ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
Collembolan Species ◽  
Glyphosate Degradation ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide, but enormous use of glyphosate has raised concerned about its environmental loadings. Although glyphosate is considered non-toxic, toxicity data for soil non-target organisms according to temperature and aging are scarce. This study examined the toxicity of glyphosate with the temperature (20 °C and 25 °C) and aging times (0 day and 7 days) in soil using a collembolan species, Allonychiurus kimi (Lee). The degradation of glyphosate was investigated. Fatty acid composition of A. kimi was also investigated. The half-life of glyphosate was 2.38 days at 20 °C and 1.69 days at 25 °C. At 20 °C with 0 day of aging, the EC50 was estimated to be 93.5 mg kg−1. However, as the temperature and aging time increased, the glyphosate degradation increased, so no significant toxicity was observed on juvenile production. The proportions of the arachidonic acid and stearic acid decreased and increased with the glyphosate treatment, respectively, even at 37.1 mg kg−1, at which no significant effects on juvenile production were observed. Our results showed that the changes in the glyphosate toxicity with temperature and aging time were mostly dependent on the soil residual concentration. Furthermore, the changes in the fatty acid compositions suggest that glyphosate could have a chronic effect on soil organisms.

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