scholarly journals Temperature and Aging Affect Glyphosate Toxicity and Fatty Acid Composition in Allonychiurus kimi (Lee) (Collembola)

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
June Wee ◽  
Yun-Sik Lee ◽  
Yongeun Kim ◽  
Jino Son ◽  
Kijong Cho
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Chronic Effect ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
Collembolan Species ◽  
Glyphosate Degradation ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide, but enormous use of glyphosate has raised concerned about its environmental loadings. Although glyphosate is considered non-toxic, toxicity data for soil non-target organisms according to temperature and aging are scarce. This study examined the toxicity of glyphosate with the temperature (20 °C and 25 °C) and aging times (0 day and 7 days) in soil using a collembolan species, Allonychiurus kimi (Lee). The degradation of glyphosate was investigated. Fatty acid composition of A. kimi was also investigated. The half-life of glyphosate was 2.38 days at 20 °C and 1.69 days at 25 °C. At 20 °C with 0 day of aging, the EC50 was estimated to be 93.5 mg kg−1. However, as the temperature and aging time increased, the glyphosate degradation increased, so no significant toxicity was observed on juvenile production. The proportions of the arachidonic acid and stearic acid decreased and increased with the glyphosate treatment, respectively, even at 37.1 mg kg−1, at which no significant effects on juvenile production were observed. Our results showed that the changes in the glyphosate toxicity with temperature and aging time were mostly dependent on the soil residual concentration. Furthermore, the changes in the fatty acid compositions suggest that glyphosate could have a chronic effect on soil organisms.

Influence of cytoplasms on the fatty acid composition of two maize inbred lines

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gregory ◽  
C. O. Grogan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

SUMMARYGas liquid chromatography was used to investigate the influence of several T, S and unclassified cytoplasms on the fatty acid composition of oil from A632 and CrS4HLA maize seeds. The fatty acid compositions of the A632 and CrS4HLA seeds differed markedly from each other with respect to oleic and linoleic acids but were stable within each seed line with respect to all sixteen of the cytoplasms tested.

Relationships between fatty acid composition and bile tolerance in lactobacillus isolates from plants and from non-plant materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1396-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Kimoto-Nira ◽  
Shigenori Suzuki ◽  
Takafumi Yakabe ◽  
Chise Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Bile Tolerance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Twenty plant-derived and 18 non-plant-derived strains of Lactobacillus casei were compared for their growth in tryptone – yeast extract – glucose broth containing 0.3% bile by measuring absorbance at a wavelength of 620 nm after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. Bile tolerance — a fundamental probiotic property — was calculated by dividing the experimental data by control values (growth without bile). We found that bile tolerance was strain specific but that the average bile tolerance of the plant-derived strains was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of the non-plant-derived strains tested. All tested strains could not deconjugate sodium taurocholate, indicating that the difference in bile tolerance was not due to the ability to deconjugate bile. The fatty acid compositions of the test strains with and without exposure to 0.3% bile were investigated, and a statistical correlation analysis between these compositions and their bile tolerance was conducted. The fatty acids correlated with bile tolerance differed between plant and non-plant lactobacilli. This is the first report to show that the origin (i.e., growth environment) of lactobacilli affects their fatty acid composition, which in turn, appears to be related to their bile tolerance.

scholarly journals Genes and Dietary Fatty Acids in Regulation of Fatty Acid Composition of Plasma and Erythrocyte Membranes

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lankinen ◽  
Matti Uusitupa ◽  
Ursula Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

The fatty acid compositions of plasma lipids and cell membranes of certain tissues are modified by dietary fatty acid composition. Furthermore, many other factors (age, sex, ethnicity, health status, genes, and gene × diet interactions) affect the fatty acid composition of cell membranes or plasma lipid compartments. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the complexity of mechanisms that may modify fatty acid compositions of plasma or tissues. We carried out an extensive literature survey of gene × diet interaction in the regulation of fatty acid compositions. Most of the related studies have been observational studies, but there are also a few intervention trials that tend to confirm that true interactions exist. Most of the studies deal with the desaturase enzyme cluster (FADS1, FADS2) in chromosome 11 and elongase enzymes. We expect that new genetic variants are being found that are linked with the genetic regulation of plasma or tissue fatty acid composition. This information is of great help to understanding the contribution of dietary fatty acids and their endogenic metabolism to the development of some chronic diseases.

Seasonal Changes in Fatty Acid Composition of Cod Liver, Flesh, Roe, and Milt Lipids

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Jangaard ◽  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
J. C. Sipos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

The fatty acid compositions of lipids from an isolated population of inshore cod (Gadus morhua L.) caught near Terence Bay, Nova Scotia, were determined each month on pooled samples of representative fish. Cod liver oil was studied over a period of 17 months, cod flesh for 12 months with the fatty acid compositions of milt, roe, flesh, and liver lipids being determined from some large, individual fish.The fatty acids of flesh lipids were independent of sex and showed very little, if any, seasonal changes except a slight variation in the long-chain monounsaturated acid 20:1 (max 2.8% vs. avg 1.6% and 1.1%). This was especially evident in large fish where the maximum (3.7%) coincided with the period of best "condition," August to November. There was also a significant difference between large and medium size fish in that in very large fish the content of 22:6 was much lower (26% vs. 33%). Liver oils in female fish contained increasing amounts of 20:1 (4.5 to 14.9%) and 22:1 (1.8 to 12.3%) fatty acids with increased fat content of the liver, maxima occurring in late summer and fall. In the male fish this seasonal trend was not as obvious. No other acids showed any definite seasonal variation. In the fatty acids of roe and milt lipid no definite relationship could be established between ripening and fatty acid composition. The fatty acids of the milt were similar to the roe except for a higher percentage of 18:1 and lower percentage of 16:1. The unsaponifiable matter was higher in milt than in roe lipids.These results indicate that due to the large variations that can occur in the fatty acid content of lipids from individual fish, a single analysis could give a fatty acid composition quite different from the average of a large number of determinations.

Newfoundland Capelin Lipids: Fatty Acid Composition and Alterations During Frozen Storage

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2037-2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
P. J. Ke ◽  
W. A. MacCallum ◽  
D. R. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Total lipids, triglycerides, and phospholipids from several lots of beach-spawning capelin and one lot of prespawning, offshore capelin have been determined and examined in detail for fatty acid composition. Generally, but not invariably, female fish contain more fat, the difference being apparent in the triglycerides. These are also usually of higher iodine value than triglycerides in the males. During frozen storage the lipids, including triglycerides, in most samples of male capelin undergo more severe hydrolysis than in the females. It is believed that these phenomena are related to bioenergetic relationships by which the males require very rapid catabolism of depot fat and hence nonspecific hydrolysis of fatty acids, whereas the less active females show some selectivity and preferentially catabolize the longer-chain monounsaturated fatty acids.When allowances are made for 16:1 and 18:1 being interchangeable, Newfoundland capelin triglycerides are shown to be essentially similar to eastern Atlantic commercial capelin oil, and may be distinguished by certain composition characteristics from other Canadian commercial oils of comparable iodine value. Details of fatty acid compositions are summarized for nutritional evaluation of capelin and capelin products.

Effect of Various Technological Processes on the Fatty Acid Composition of Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis, L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Semih Otles ◽  
Gulgun Sengor
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

In this study the effect of various processing techniques on the fatty acid composition of mussel, a member of bivalves, was investigated. According to the results, applied techniques such as smoking, pickling, and different kinds of cooking are recorded to have caused important changes in their fatty acid compositions. It was also seen that these changes were occurred from PUFA’s, ecosapentaenoic (EPA) (C20:5 n-3), and docosahexanoic (DHA) (C22:6 n-3) which are important especially in nutrition. Generally, in accord with the processing technique, a decrease in different proportions was found in the quantity of ecosapentaenoic and docosahexanoic acids. Maximum decrease in the mentioned fatty acids was especially observed in the mussels processed by frying and cooking.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activities and Fatty Acid Compositions of Wild Berberis spp. by Different Techniques Combined with Chemometrics (PCA and HCA)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7448
Author(s):  
Betül Gıdık
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Interest in medicinal plants and fruits has increased in recent years due to people beginning to consume natural foods. This study aims to investigate the total phenolic flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, condensed tannin content, oil content, and fatty acid compositions of five local breeds of Berberis spp. from Bayburt, Turkey, and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The fatty acid composition of samples was performed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the total fatty acid content of samples was between 6.12% and 8.60%. The main fatty acids in Berberis spp. samples were α-linolenic acid (32.85–37.88%) and linoleic acid (30.98–34.28%) followed by oleic acid (12.85–19.56%). Two antioxidant assays produced similar results, demonstrating that extracts of wild B. vulgaris L. had the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (621.02 μmol FeSO4.7H2O/g) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) (0.10 SC50 mg/mL) values. According to principal component analysis (PCA), four components were determined. In addition, two main groups were determined according to hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and wild and culture of B. vulgaris L. were in different subgroups. This is the first original report about the fatty acid composition and oil content of Berberis spp. grown in Bayburt, Turkey. The obtained results indicate that B. integerrima Bunge and B. vulgaris, which have especially remarkable fatty acid content, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity, could be potential sources for these properties in different areas of use.

Effect of Foliar Boron Fertilization on Chemical Properties and Fatty Acid Compositions of Corn (Zea mays L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2073-2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Konuskan ◽  
Dilsat Bozdodan Konuskan ◽  
Codrina Mihaela Levai
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Boron Fertilization ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Boron is a member of the metaloid group of elements and is an important essential microelement needed for normal crop growth and development. This research was conducted in 2015 in Hatay (Mediterranean region of Turkey) to determine foliar application of Boron effect on protein ratio, starch ratio and oil yield and oil components of corn. To evaluate the response of foliar application of boron to corn, four boron doses (control, 4, 6 and 8 mg/m2) were applied at the three growing stages (V2; 2 leaves with visible collars, V4; 4 leaves with visible collars,V2V4; half dosage was applied V2 and half dosage was applied V4). The experiment was carried out in a split plot design with three replicates using cultivar 82 May 70. Ears were harvested and randomly selected for analysis of protein ratio, starch ratio, oil yield and fatty acid composition. Even though there was no significant difference in Boron treatments in terms of protein and starch, significant difference was determined in oil yield and fatty acid composition. In general, foliar application of higher Boron doses (6, 8 mg /m2) increased oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid. In the early development period (V2), foliar application of boron caused an increase in the content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid of corn.

The fatty acid composition of sclerotia

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1171-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Sumner ◽  
N. Colotelo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Lipid Component ◽  
Specific Culture ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

The fatty acid compositions of sclerotia of Botrytis tulipae, Sclerotinia borealis, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum produced under specific culture conditions have been compared with those of sclerotia isolated from natural environments. In each organism the lipids of sclerotia isolated from host plants were more unsaturated than those of cultured sclerotia. Fractionation of sclerotial and mycelial lipids of S. sclerotiorum revealed that the neutral lipid component was more unsaturated than the polar lipid component. In cultures of S. sclerotiorum the fatty acid composition of both mycelial and sclerotial lipids was affected by the incubation temperature, becoming more unsaturated as the temperature was lowered, Irrespective of incubation temperature the fatty acid composition of S. sclerotiorum snowed quantitative differences from the "parent" mycelium in that sclerotia consistently contained a greater proportion of oleic acid and correspondingly smaller proportions of palmitic, stearic, and linolenic acid.

Retail lamb fat composition in western Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E.R. Dugan ◽  
V. Salazar ◽  
D.C. Rolland ◽  
P. Vahmani ◽  
J.L. Aalhus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
North American ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

The fatty acid composition of retail lamb backfat commonly available in Western Canada was analyzed, including 16 lambs collected from a slaughter plant in central Alberta, and backfat collected from racks and chops imported from Australia (n = 8) and New Zealand (n = 8). Lamb fat from New Zealand was the richest source of vaccenic and rumenic acids. Both New Zealand and Australian lamb were the richest source of n-3 fatty acids. North American lamb was richer in t10-18:1, but a subset had fatty acid compositions similar to New Zealand lamb.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document