Application of geophysical methods to evaluate hydrology and soil properties in urban areas

Urban Water ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Pozdnyakova ◽  
Anatoly Pozdnyakov ◽  
Renduo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geophysical Methods

scholarly journals Predicting Excavation-Induced Tunnel Response by Process-Based Modelling

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Linlong Mu ◽  
Jianhong Lin ◽  
Zhenhao Shi ◽  
Xingyu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Inverse Modelling ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Support Structures ◽  
Interaction Processes ◽  
Excavation Support ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

Potential damages to existing tunnels represent a major concern for constructing deep excavations in urban areas. The uncertainty of subsurface conditions and the nonlinear interactions between multiple agents (e.g., soils, excavation support structures, and tunnel structures) make the prediction of the response of tunnel induced by adjacent excavations a rather difficult and complex task. This paper proposes an initiative to solve this problem by using process-based modelling, where information generated from the interaction processes between soils, structures, and excavation activities is utilized to gradually reduce uncertainty related to soil properties and to learn the interaction patterns through machine learning techniques. To illustrate such a concept, this paper presents a simple process-based model consisting of artificial neural network (ANN) module, inverse modelling module, and mechanistic module. The ANN module is trained to learn and recognize the patterns of the complex interactions between excavation deformations, its geometries and support structures, and soil properties. The inverse modelling module enables a gradual reduction of uncertainty associated with soil characterizations by accumulating field observations during the construction processes. Based on the inputs provided by the former two modules, the mechanistic module computes the response of tunnel. The effectiveness of the proposed process-based model is evaluated against high-fidelity numerical simulations and field measurements. These evaluations suggest that the strategy of combining artificial intelligence techniques with information generated during interaction processes can represent a promising approach to solve complex engineering problems in conventional industries.

scholarly journals Application of Cross-Hole Tomography for Assessment of Soil Stabilization by Grout Injection

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Lebedev ◽  
Kirill Dorokhin
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Tomography ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Geotechnical Monitoring ◽  
Urban Conditions

Currently, the spread of megalopolises poses an ever-increasing necessity for underground space development for the purpose of the arrangement of transport communications, underground parking areas, trade areas, etc. The implementation of such projects entails a significant increase in the risk of accidents and damage to existing buildings within construction activity influence areas. The reduction of the risk of accidents during the construction of underground facilities within urban areas may only become possible with the identification of adverse factors negatively influencing existing buildings or a facility under erection and elaboration (to reduce such negative influence). The application of geophysical methods in complex assessments of the actual state of an encompassing mass significantly increases efficiency and the credibility of geotechnical monitoring. The application of seismic tomography significantly increases the resolution capability of surveys. Existing techniques, e.g., seismic tomography, allow for any depths to be investigated at a high resolution, even given constricted urban conditions. This article covers the practical applications of seismic tomography in qualitative assessments of actions and an efficiency evaluation of the injective stabilization of soil.

scholarly journals Detection of Underground Anomalies Using Analysis of Ground Penetrating Radar Attribute

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuong Van Anh LE ◽  
Thuan Van NGUYEN
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Diffraction Curve ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Need of specifying underground construction works for supporting further tasks as maintenance, repairing, or setting up new underground structures. For these needs, ground penetrating radar, one of the efficient geophysical methods, can bring high-resolution and quick underground image revealing existence of both natural and artificial anomalies. Its fixed receiver-transmitter antennas setting as constant offset is commonly used in urban areas. Conventionally, hyperbolae events are crucial indicator for scattering objects as kinds of pipes, water drainage system, and concrete building structures as well as sink holes. Calculation of their depths and sizes requires migration analysis with the environment velocity. Migrated sections with different velocity show different chaos degrees of transformation from a hyperbola diffraction curve to its focused area. We have researched diagrams of different Ground Penetrating Radar attributes as energy, entropy, and varimax dependent on two variables, velocity and window zone covering diffraction events from a set of synthetic data and real data, in specifying the environment velocity. We have developed a novel technique for evaluation of the ground velocity and object’s size by combination of the new varimax diagram and the Kirchhoff migration method. The technique can define contribution of diffracted ground penetrating radar waves for building the diagram after removing the reflection contribution. The synthetic datasets consist of different random background noise levels and expressions of different-sized circular and rectangular pipes. The real data is measured for detecting two underground gas pipes in Ba Ria – Vung Tau province, Vietnam.

scholarly journals Geophysical prospecting in the Doukkala area (Swalah commune) in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Halima Soussi ◽  
Lahcen Bahi ◽  
Latifa Ouadif ◽  
Mohamed Chibout ◽  
Brahim Aghazzaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Vertical Electrical Soundings ◽  
Damage Costs ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
El Jadida ◽  
Very High

The collapse of the subsoil creates a risk for the population whether it is urban or rural. Each year, the damage caused by these collapses has considerable socio-economic consequences, and the damage costs are very high. Thus, the detection of these areas of collapse in urban and rural areas is important to prevent and avoid socio-economic consequences, and to establish a preventive risk planning to have a better protection of people and goods. The commune of Swalah, study area, belongs to the province of El Jadida which is part of those areas of Doukkala exposed to the risk of collapse due to the presence of underground cavities. These cavities are potentially dangerous for humans, especially in urban areas. They have different extensions that can be caused by natural or anthropic origin. Their size, as well as the physical properties of the external environment in which they are located, allow the use of different geophysical methods. The use of these geophysical methods is the best to detect and delineate cavities in this region. The present study was based on a geophysical compaign of vertical electrical soundings. Indeed, 50 electrical soundings were modeled and reinterpreted and allowed to detect and delineate any potential cavities in the region.

Regional Characterisation of soil properties by combining remote sensing, geophysical and pedological methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Konen ◽  
Richard Mommertz ◽  
Daniel Rückamp ◽  
Malte Ibs-von Seht ◽  
Andreas Möller
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Research Concept

<p>Knowing our soils well, is the base for a sound land use management, and thus for a worldwide sustainable food production and safe drinking water supply. Especially in countries of the Global South, high quality digital information on soil properties on regional level are rare. While conventional soil inventories are time consuming, digital mapping of soil properties is a promising approach to close the gap more quickly. For this purpose, a reliable method is developed within the BGR project “ReCharBo” (Regional Characterisation of Soil Properties) to minimize field and laboratory work by combining remote sensing techniques like hyperspectral and thermal analyses as well as geophysical methods (e.g. gamma spectrometry) with conventional soil survey from different scales.  At local and field-scale the data acquisition is done by drones, portable equipment and soil sampling, complemented at regional level by helicopter and satellite supported methods. In a corresponding talk in the same session Mommertz et al. (2021) give a detailed technical overview of the selected methods and the research concept of the project. To deploy the method including the concept of ground-truthing on arable land, areas in Germany were selected from Soil Maps of Germany at scale 1:1.000.000 (BÜK1000), 1:200.000 (BÜK200) and 1:50.000 (BK50) depending on representative soil types and region. In a first attempt, the research concept was  carried out with simultaneous field and air borne analyses at two sites  in autumn 2020. The results of this first attempt will be presented at the conference.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluating the Geotechnical and Geophysical Characteristics of Expanding Districts in Tehran Using Field Experiments

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Arash Razmyar ◽  
Abolfazl Eslami
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics

Considering the increasing population growth and the rapid growth of urbanization and pollution in the environment, providing zoning maps and urban engineering geology seem to be important. The rapid construction growth of cities, as well as the confrontation with events such as earthquakes and failure to observe the geological and geotechnical issues, has caused many engineering problems. The use of geophysical methods not only cannot lonely provide us a complete and comprehensive information on the geotechnical conditions of the earth but also has many disturbances in urban areas, and its use in urban centers is almost impractical. Therefore, it seems that the best way of examining and interpreting the geotechnical characteristics of a site, especially in urban areas, is the use of suspicious data. Therefore, performing geotechnical studies and geotechnical zoning can be useful for retrofitting buildings and engineering structures and reducing their risks. Hence, zoning studies are conducted in this research in order to better recognize the technical soil status for safe construction due to rising the population of Tehran in recent decades and the concentration of population in certain areas of Tehran, especially in the eastern and western regions (districts 4 and 22). In this study, different geotechnical field tests such as standard penetration test (SPT), cone penetration test (CPT) were used to estimate parameters such as adhesion coefficient (C), internal friction angle ( ), Young modulus (E). Other common experiments with conventional geophysical experiments, such as in good experiments, refractive and CSSW were applied to estimate geophysical parameters of bedrock depth and shear wave velocity for zoning these areas.

Biochar vs magnesite amendments for metals immobilization: lab-scale and field experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Baragaño ◽  
Daniel Arenas Lago ◽  
José Luis R. Gallego ◽  
Rubén Forján Castro
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Metal Availability ◽  
Industrial Change ◽  
The Impact

<p>The process of industrial change has resulted in the creation of so-called ‘brownfields’ across Europe, particularly in urban areas, in the industrial sections of cities. The need to recover these brownfields can be linked to the new European Commission program "Zero Wastes", that is, to restore or recondition these areas by applying amendments made with by-products or green elements. In this sense, the capacities of magnesite and biochar, inorganic and organic soil amendments respectively, were tested to reduce metal availability and improve the properties of a soil severely contaminated by Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn. To this end, two implementation steps were performed.</p><p>First, 1 kg pots containing the polluted soil were amended with either magnesite or biochar and then determined metal availability and soil properties at days 15 and 75 in a greenhouse experiment. In addition, to evaluate the impact of the two treatments on plant growth, the experimental trials were carried out using Brassica juncea L. and compost addition. Both amendments, but particularly magnesite, markedly decreased metal availability. Soil properties were also improved, as revealed by increases in the cation exchangeable capacity. However, plant growth was inhibited by magnesite amendment. This effect was probably due to an increase in soil pH, cation exchange capacity and a high Mg concentration. In contrast, biochar increased biomass production whereas decreased the content of metals harvested. Then, a field scale experiment was performed in situ by means of treating 1 ton of the soil with the magnesite and also with the biochar. Brassica juncea L. was used for testing the impact on plants, and the experiment was monitored at 3, 30 and 60 days from the beginning of the experiment. Similar results to the greenhouse experiment were obtained.</p><p>In conclusion, the results indicate that magnesite amendment may be suitable for stabilizing contaminated soils (or even spoil heaps) where revegetation is not a priority. In contrast, although biochar has a lower, but still significant, capacity to immobilize metals, its use emerges as a promising tool for restoring soil properties and thus favoring plant growth.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgment</strong></p><p>This work was supported by the research projects NANOBIOWASH CTM2016-75894-P (AEI/FEDER, UE) and NANOCAREM MCI-20-PID2019-106939GB-I00 (AEI/FEDER, UE).</p><p>Diego Baragaño obtained a grant from the “Formación del Profesorado Universitario” program, financed by the “Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte de España”.</p><p>Arenas-Lago D. thanks to his postdoc contract ED481D 2019/007 (Xunta de Galicia and Universidade de Vigo).</p>

2D INVERSION OF DIPOLE-DIPOLE AXIAL ARRAY WITH LINEAR CAPACITIVE ELECTRODES FOR ENGINEERING TASKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Tatarskiy ◽  
A. F. Volynin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Data Inversion ◽  
2D Data ◽  
High Level ◽  
2D Resistivity

Abstract: at present, the range of tasks solved by geophysical methods is expanding. This is facilitated by the progress in the development of geophysical equipment, methods for performing field work and data processing. At the same time, the conditions of research are complicated. Often it is the site of industrial facilities or urban areas. The main factors complicating the implementation of the geophysical researches at urban areas are the high level of industrial noise and solid coverage. The article discusses the possibility of using resistance technology with 2D data inversion when solving engineering problems in urban areas. The conditions of the use of the measurement technique with capacitive electrodes for approximation by grounded electrode array at a direct current are shown. The results of the comparison of the dipole-dipole method with capacitive electrode array and its equivalent with galvanic grounded electrodes are presented. To assess the effectiveness of using of the capacitive electrodes array for solving engineering tasks in the city, the authors carried out researches on a site of regularly emerging subsidence of pavement in the center of St. Petersburg. According to the research results, a 2D resistivity section of the pavement deformation was constructed. The results were interpreted using geological information. The studies revealed a spatial correlation of the identified anomalies of specific electrical resistances with the local site of the embankment pavement destruction. The possible causes of the identified anomalies are described. The results of electrical prospecting with linear capacitive electrodes can be used for detailing engineering geological structure of urbanized areas.

USING SEISMOACOUSTIC METHODS IN KARST TERRITORIES OF LARGE CITIES (A CASE STUDY OF MOSCOW AND NIZHNY NOVGOROD)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
A. D. Kochev ◽  
L. G. Chertkov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Borehole Geophysics ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Common Depth Point ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Seismic Vibrations

Various geophysical methods are used to study the karst of carbonate massifs, the effectiveness of which in the conditions of large cities is low, since they are affected by intense industrial and transport disturbances. The paper discusses the use of seismic acoustic methods of ground and borehole geophysics: the method of the common depth point (CDP), the method of refracted waves (MRW), crosswell seismoacoustic sounding (CSS). It is shown that seismic survey methods provide more informative engineering-geological research. The use of a non-explosive source of excitation of seismic vibrations made it possible to carry out research in urban areas. As a result of the implementation of a system for accumulating useful seismic signals, informative material was obtained in areas of intense industrial interference. The resolution of seismic surveys on the mapping of coal deposits and the construction of maps of the paleorelief is clearly visible from a comparison of geological maps constructed from drilling data and taking seismic studies into account. In combination with crosshole seismic acoustic sounding, it is possible to fix relatively large karst cavities and destroyed zones. Complicating in the interpretation of seismoacoustic indicators is the fact that the carbonate massif is often a relatively evenly karsted system in the form of karst cavities of various sizes (mostly irregular in shape, filled or open), fracturing, cavernosity and porosity. As a result, the motley pattern of the distribution of the velocities of elastic waves is averaged, making it difficult to isolate low-velocity zones confined to karst cavities. Additionally, according to the data of microseismic logging — vertical seismic profiling (MSL — VSP), it is possible to identify low-speed zones associated with decompaction in the upper cover layer of rocks, from which sandy sediments are transported to a carbonate strongly karsted massif. Seismoacoustic sounding allows you to control the quality of grouting works when filling karst cavities with cement mortar.

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