SummaryBovine cumulus-enclosed oocytes, initially cultured up to diakinesis (8h of initial culture) or metaphase I (12h of initial culture), were subsequently co-cultured for 6 h in contact with pig membrana granulosa (PMG) cells and then assayed for histone H1 and MAP kinase activities. In addition, the phosphorylation state of ERK 1,2 proteins was determined by Western blotting. The alterations in nuclear envelope breakdown, meiotic spindle formation and the patterns of chromosome condensation were analysed by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The diakinesis-stage oocytes (initially cultured for 8h) already possessed high histone H1 kinase and MAP kinase activities that were correlated with condensed and partially individualised chromosomes. The ERK 1 and most ERK 2 proteins were partly phosphorylated. Following the 6h co-culture of these oocytes with PMG a rapid decrease in MAP kinase activity and a slower decrease in histone H1 kinase occurred, as well as ERK 1 and ERK 2 dephosphorylation. Both kinase activities and ERK 1,2 phosphorylation were fully restored following the release of the oocytes from co-culture and a subsequent culture in the absence of PMG. Moreover, the clumped bivalents were reindividualised and 56% of these oocytes reached metaphase II after 20 h of culture without PMG. The metaphase I oocytes, initially cultured for 12 h, displayed a fusiform meiotic spindle and a metaphase array of chromosomal bivalents, accompanied by high levels of both histone H1 and MAP kinase activity. Co-culture of MI oocytes with PMG abolished the activity of both kinases and caused the dephosphorylation of ERK 1 and ERK 2. Furthermore, the spindle microtubules were depolymerised and the chromosomal bivalents clumped into a single mass. Neither of the protein kinase activities nor the meiotic spindle were restored following subsequent culture in the absence of PMG for up to 20 h. These observations indicate that under in vitro conditions membrana granulosa cells can cause a prompt decrease in histone H1 and MAP kinase activities, and metaphase I oocytes. While these events are fully reversible in late diakinesis oocytes, metaphase I oocytes did not complete maturation after release from co-culture.
Cell division in higher plants: a cdc2 gene, its 34-kDa product, and histone H1 kinase activity in pea.
